φόβος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, ([[φέβομαι]]) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[panic flight]], the usual sense in Hom., cf. Sch. <span class="bibl">Il.11.71</span> (but cf. φύζα, φόβου κρυόεντος ἑταίρη <span class="bibl">Il.9.2</span>); once in Od., οἱ δ' ἔσχοντο φόβου <span class="bibl">24.57</span>; freq. in Il., Δαναῶν γένετο ἰαχή τε φ. τε <span class="bibl">15.396</span>; πρῶτος Πηνέλεως . . ἦρχε φόβοιο <span class="bibl">17.597</span>; ἐς φόβον ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">15.310</span>; [[φόβονδε]] = [[φύγαδε]], ἑστάμεναι κρατερῶς, μηδὲ τρωπᾶσθε φόβονδε ib.<span class="bibl">666</span>; φόβονδ' ἔχε μώνυχας ἵππους <span class="bibl">8.139</span>; [[μή τι φόβονδ' ἀγόρευε]] counsel not [[to flight]], <span class="bibl">5.252</span>; ἀΐξαντα φόβονδε <span class="bibl">17.579</span>; ὦρσαν φόβον Δαναοῖς <span class="bibl">B.12.145</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[Φόβος]] personified, as son of Ares, <span class="bibl">Il.13.299</span>; Δεῖμός τε Φ. τε <span class="bibl">11.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.440</span>, <span class="bibl">15.119</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>934</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>45</span>; worshipped at Selinus, <span class="title">IG</span>14.268.2. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[panic fear]], [στρατῷ] φ. ἐμβάλλειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.10</span>.έ; ἐν τῷ γινομένῳ φ. <span class="bibl">Id.9.69</span>; generally, [[fear]], [[terror]] (distd. from [[δέος]] (q.v.)), τορὸς ὀρθόθριξ φ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>32</span> (lyr.); διάτορος φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>183</span> (lyr.); ταρβόσυνος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>240</span> (lyr.); νεανικός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1204</span>; joined with [[δέος]] and [[δεῖμα]], v. sub vocc.; opp. [[θάρρος]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>644c</span>; sts. in milder sense, [[doubt]], [[scruple]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>101b</span>; [[ἔχει πολλὴν ὑποψίαν καὶ φ. ὡς]] . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>268a</span>: also, [[awe]], [[reverence]], for a ruler or divine being, τοῦ ἡγεμόνος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1642.17</span> (iii A.D.); θεοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ps.</span>35(36).1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.418.4</span> (iv A.D.): τοῦκυρίου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>931</span>.—Construction, a. c. gen. obj., [[fear]] or [[dread of]]... <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>116</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Th.3.54</span>, etc.; φ. τοῦ στρατεῦσαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.1.18</span>: c. dupl.gen., ὀμμάτων εἰληφότας φόβον . . τῆς ἐμῆς ἐπεισόδου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>730</span>: with Preps., φ. ἀπό τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.2.37</span> codd.; ὁ ἀπὸ τῶν πολεμίων φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.53</span>; οὑξ ὀνειράτων φ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 929</span>; πρός τινος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>783</span>; πρός τινας <span class="bibl">D.16.10</span>, <span class="bibl">25.93</span>; [[φ. περὶ τοῦ καρποῦ]] [[fear]] for or concerning... <span class="bibl">Th.4.88</span>; φ. ἑκάστων πέρι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>20b</span>; ὑπὲρ τοῦ μέλλοντος <span class="bibl">Th.7.41</span>; τὸν ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλήνων εἰς τοὺς βαρβάρους φ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.2.18</span>; [[τῷ καθ' ἑαυτὸν φόβῳ]] = [[from personal fear]], <span class="bibl">D.19.2</span>: c. inf., [[φόβῳ εἰσορᾶν]] [[from fear]] to see, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1342</span>:—for [[τεθνάναι τῷ φόβῳ τινά]], v. [[θνῄσκω]] <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> with Verbs, τεύχειν φόβον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1090</span> (anap.); κλάζουσι κώδωνες φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>386</span>; φ. ποιεῖν τοῖς ἵπποις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 1.8.18</span>; παρασχεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1113</span>, etc.; παρασκευάζειν <span class="bibl">D.59.86</span>; [[φόβους ἐμβάλλειν]], [[φόβον ἐνθεῖναί τινι]], to strike [[terror]] into one, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.7.18</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>7.4.1</span>; ἐνεργάσασθαί τινι <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.38</span>, <span class="bibl">11.25</span>; ἔδωκ' Ἀπόλλων θῆρας φόβῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.61</span>; of the person who feels fear, [[φόβον λαβεῖν]], [[ἔχειν]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>39</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>11.11</span>; ἐκ φόβου φ. τρέφω <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>28</span>: acc. cogn., [[φόβους φοβεῖσθαι]], [[φόβους δεδοικέναι]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>360b</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>548</span>; [[τὸν σὸν οὐ ταρβῶ φ]]. I fear not with thy [[fear]], i.e. not like thee, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1251</span>; [[Ταντάλου φ. φοβεῖσθαι]] Sch.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>6</span>; ἐς φ. κατιστέατο <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.81</span>; ἐν φ. γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>578e</span>; φ. μ' ἔχει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1243</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span> 1255</span>; [[μοι φ. τις εἰσελήλυθ']], [[μ' ὑπῆλθέ τις φ]]., ib.<span class="bibl">1324</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1231</span>; τοῖς Ἕλλησι φ. ἐμπίπτει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.2.19</span>, etc.; [[διὰ φόβου ἔρχομαι]], [[διὰ φόβων γίγνομαι]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>757</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>791b</span>: opp. φόβον λύειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span> 270</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>104</span>; διαλῦσαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>241b</span>; φόβους ἐξαίρει τῶν πολιτῶν <span class="bibl">Isoc. 2.23</span>; ἀπεληλακέναι τινί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.2.10</span>; [[φόβου ἀπαλλάξεσθαι]] to get rid of [[it]], ib.<span class="bibl">5.2.32</span>; φόβου ἐκλύσασθαί τινα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1002</span>; φόβους ἀπολύεσθαι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1415b18</span>; [[φόβου μεθεῖσα]] (Valck. [[φόβον]]) <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>555</span>; φόβου ἔξωθεν εἶναι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>901</span>; ἵνα φόβος εἴη στρατεύειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.4.3</span>; [[οὐ φ. μὴ]] . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.1.25</span>; [[φ. ἐστὶν ὅπως μὴ]] . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>193a</span>; but [[φόβος εἰ πείσω]] I [[fear]] I shall not persuade... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>184</span> (anap.); [[ἡμέας ἔχειφ. τε καὶ δέος ὅκως χρὴ]] . . <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.115</span> ([[φόβος ἦν ὥστε μὴ τέγξαι]] is corrupt in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1380</span>): adverbial usages, [[φόβῳ]] = [[by fear]] or [[through fear]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>786</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>240</span> (lyr.), etc.; ἀνάγκῃ καὶ φ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>554d</span>: with Preps., [[διὰ φόβον]], [[διὰ τὸν φόβον]], <span class="bibl">Democr.41</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>1.38</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.24</span>; ἐκ τίνος φόβου; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>887</span>; μετὰ φόβων <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.26</span>; ἄρχειν ξὺν φόβοισι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>585</span>; προαποθνῄσκειν ὑπὸ τοῦ φ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.25</span>; Poet., ἀμφὶ φόβῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>825</span> (lyr.): pl., not only in Poets, as <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.27</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>134</span> (prob. l.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>531</span>, etc., but also in Prose, φόβους καὶ δείματα <span class="bibl">Th.7.80</span>; πόνους καὶ φ. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>635c</span>; κινδύνους καὶ φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>173a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[object]] or [[cause of terror]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1652</span>; [[φόβος ἀκοῦσαι]] = [[a terror to hear]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.112</span>: pl., ἢν φόβους λέγῃ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>917</span>; πολλῶν φ. προσαγομένων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.1.23</span>.</span>