κλάδος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[branch]], [[twig]], [[sprout]] (IA., Arist., Thphr.), also a few cases of monosyllabic <b class="b3">κλαδ-</b> in <b class="b3">κλαδ-ί</b>, <b class="b3">κλάδ-α</b>, <b class="b3">-ας</b> and of an s-stem in [[κλάδεσι]], <b class="b3">-έεσσι</b>, <b class="b3">-έων</b> (after [[δένδρεσι]] etc.?);<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ὀλιγό-κλαδος</b> (Thphr.), <b class="b3">κλαδο-τομέω</b> (pap.).<br />Derivatives: Diminut. [[κλάδιον]] (Lib., pap.) and [[κλαδίσκος]] (Gal.); [[κλαδεών]] (Orph.), [[κλαδών]] (H.) = [[κλάδος]]; [[κλαδώδης]] [[full of branches]] (sch., Eust.), [[κλάδινος]] = [[rameus]] (Gloss.). Denomin. verb [[κλαδεύω]] [[cut off branches]], [[clip]] (Artem.; <b class="b3">-έω</b> Arr.) with [[κλάδευσις]] (Aq., Sm., Gp.), [[κλαδεία]] (Gp.) <b class="b2">cutting off ..., clipping</b>, [[κλαδευτήρια]] pl. [[pruned leaves]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτής]] [[pruner]] (Gloss.), [[κλαδευτήριον]], <b class="b3">-ια</b> <b class="b2">pruning knife, -festival</b> (H.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: One often connects <b class="b2">*kelh₂-</b> [[cut off]] (but Pok. 545ff. contains much irrelevant material). But this cannot give the Greek form. The connection with the Germ. word for [[Holz]], [[Wald]], OIc. OE [[holt]] n. etc. is probably wrong. That both forms can be derived from IE. <b class="b2">*kl̥do-</b> must be accidental, and there is no root <b class="b2">*kel-</b> without laryneal. Kluge-Seebold notes <b class="b2">*kl̥h₂d-</b> [there clearly is a misprint]; a Greek pre-form <b class="b2">*klǝd-</b> is impossible since the laryngeal theory: it should be <b class="b2">*kl̥h₂d-</b> which would have given <b class="b3">*κλαδος</b>. For the realia one referred to J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) p. 43ff. Mostly connected with [[κλάω]] [[break off]] (s. v.), but with a pre-Greek (i.e. from before hist. Greek) dental enlargement. Independent of [[κλάδος]] is the <b class="b3">δ-</b>formation of [[κλαδαρός]] [[invalid]] (s. v.); further <b class="b3">καλαδία ἑυκάνη</b> (= [[plane]]) H. [LSJ gives [[ῥυκάνη]] (plane-tree); thus Frisk s.v.; but this lemma does not exist in H.] with diff. ablaut, s.s.v. - Outside Greek one connects Lat. [[clādēs]] <b class="b2">damage etc.</b>, but this requires <b class="b2">*klh₂d-</b>, which is impossible for Greek ; and Slav., e. g. Russ.-Csl. [[klada]], Russ. <b class="b2">kolodá</b> [[beam]], [[block]], [[trunk]], on whch I have no opinion. Kuiper GS Kretschmer 121f connected with <b class="b3">κλάδος κλών</b>, [[κλῶναξ]], with nasalization (replacement of a stop by the nasal of that series) of the [[δ]]; cf. <b class="b3">κλῶναξ κλάδος</b> H. Further Pok. 546f..