λανθάνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class=bibl>Pi.<span class=title>Fr</span>.75.13</span>, etc.:—also λήθω (which is the form of the Act. generally used in compds., <b class="b3">δια-λανθάνω</b> being the sole exception), <span class=bibl>Il.23.323</span>, <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>OT</span>1325</span> (lyr.), <span class=bibl>X.<span class=title>Smp</span>.4.48</span>; Dor. λάθω [ᾱ] S.<span class=title>El</span>. <span class=bibl>222</span> (lyr.); inf.<span class=sense><p><span class="bld">A</span> λᾱθέμεν <span class=bibl>Pi.<span class=title>O</span>.1.64</span>: impf. ἐλάνθανον <span class=bibl>Il.13.721</span>, etc.; ἔληθον <span class=bibl>Od.19.151</span>, <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>El</span>.1359</span>; Ep. λῆθον <span class=bibl>Il.15.461</span>; Ion. λήθεσκεν <span class=bibl>24.13</span>: fut. λήσω <span class=bibl>Od.11.102</span>, <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Ec</span>.98</span>, etc.; Aeol.inf. λᾱσην Alc.<span class=title>Supp</span>.22.8; Dor. λᾱσῶ <span class=bibl>Theoc.14.9</span>, al., so (in late writers) [[λήσομαι]], v. infr. c. <span class=bibl>11</span>: aor. 1 ἔλησα <span class=bibl>Nic.<span class=title>Al</span>.280</span> (but Hom. has <b class="b3">ἐπ-έλησα</b>, Alc. <b class="b3">ἐξ-έλᾱσα</b>, in causal sense): aor. 2 ἔλᾰθον <span class=bibl>Il.17.676</span>, etc. (for [[λέλᾰθον]], v. infr. B): pf. λέληθα <span class=bibl>Semon.7.9</span>, <span class=bibl>Sol.13.27</span>; Aeol.part.λελᾱθων Alc.<span class=title>Supp</span>.26.8: plpf. [[ἐλελήθειν]], Att. -ήθη, <span class=bibl>Th.8.33</span>, <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Eq</span>.822</span>, <span class=bibl><span class=title>Nu</span>.380</span>, <span class=bibl>Luc.<span class=title>Pr.Im</span>. 15</span>; Ion.3sg. ἐλελήθεε <span class=bibl>Hdt.6.79</span>. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">B</span> causal ληθάνω, aor. 2 [[λέλᾰθον]], v. infr. B. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">C</span> Med. and Pass., λανθάνομαι <span class=bibl>Arist.<span class=title>Po</span>.1455a25</span> (s.v.l.), λήθομαι <span class=bibl>Il.11.790</span>, <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Ag</span>.39</span>; Dor. <b class="b3">λάθομαι [ᾱ</b>] <span class=bibl>Pi.<span class=title>O</span>.8.72</span>: Ep. impf. λανθανόμην <span class=bibl>Od.12.227</span>: fut. λήσομαι <span class=bibl>1.308</span>; Dor. λᾱσεῦμαι <span class=bibl>Theoc.4.39</span>, also λελήσομαι <span class=bibl>E.<span class=title>Alc</span>.198</span>: aor. 1 [[ἐλησάμην]] or [[λησάμην]] only in late Ep., <span class=bibl>Maiist.47</span>, <span class=bibl>Mosch.3.62</span> (Dor. λᾱς-), <span class=bibl>Q.S.3.99</span>, etc.; also [[ἐλήσθην]], Dor. inf. λασθῆμεν <span class=bibl>Theoc.2.46</span>, cf. [[διαλανθάνω]]: aor. 2 [[ἐλᾰθόμην]], Ep. λαθ-, <span class=bibl>Il.13.835</span>, <span class=bibl>E.<span class=title>Hipp</span>.289</span>: rare in Prose exc. in compds., <span class=bibl>Plu.<span class=title>Caes</span>.38</span>; also Ep. redupl. [[λελάθοντο]], etc., v. infr. c: pf. λέλησμαι <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>El</span>.342</span>, <span class=bibl>Pl.<span class=title>Phdr</span>.252a</span>; Ep. [[λέλασμαι]], part. [[λελασμένος]], etc.; cf. [[ἐπιλήθω]]. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">A</span> in most of the act. tenses, <b class='b2'>escape notice</b> (freq. joined with a neg.):—Constr.: </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">1</span> c. acc. pers. only, [[escape]] his [[notice]], λάθε δ' Ἕκτορα <span class=bibl>Il.22.277</span>; οὐδέ σε λήσει <span class=bibl>23.326</span>; οὐ λῆθε Διὸς πυκινὸν νόον <span class=bibl>15.461</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>Od.11.102</span>, al.; [τοῦτον] οὐκ ἔστι λαθεῖν ὄμματα φωτός <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Ag</span>. 796</span> (anap.); οὐ λάθει μ' ὀργά <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>El</span>.222</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class=bibl><span class=title>Ph</span>.207</span> (lyr.); τουτί μ' ἐλελήθειν <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Nu</span>.380</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ λανθάνει σε</b> perhaps you <b class='b2'>don't know</b>, <span class=bibl>Men. <span class=title>Sam</span>.78</span>: impers., <b class="b3">λεληθέναι οὐ θαυμάζω τὸ πλῆθος περὶ τούτου</b> it <b class='b2'>escaped the notice of</b> the people, <span class=bibl>X.<span class=title>Hier</span>.2.5</span>; <b class="b3">σὲ δὲ λέληθεν περὶ τοῦτο ὡς</b>… <span class=bibl>Pl. <span class=title>Lg</span>.903c</span>. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">2</span> most freq. with a part. added, in which case we usually translate the part. by a Verb, and express [[λανθάνω]] by an Adv., <b class='b2'>unawares, without being observed</b>; either, </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">a</span> c. acc. pers., <b class="b3">ἄλλον τινὰ λήθω μαρνάμενος</b> I <b class='b2'>am unseen by</b> others while fighting, i.e. <span class=bibl>1</span> fight [[unseen]] by them, <span class=bibl>Il.13.273</span>; πάντας ἐλάνθανε δάκρυα λείβων <span class=bibl>Od.8.93</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>12.17</span>, <span class=bibl>220</span>, <span class=bibl>19.88</span>, al., <span class=bibl>Pi.<span class=title>O</span>.1.64</span>, <span class=bibl>6.36</span>, <span class=bibl>Hdt.8.25</span>: freq. in Trag. and Att., <b class="b3">μὴ λάθῃ με προσπεσών</b> lest he come on [[unseen]] by me, <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Ph</span>.46</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>156</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὅπως μὴ λήσουσιν αὐτοὺς αἱ νῆες… ἀφορμηθεῖσαι</b> should put to sea <b class='b2'>without their observing</b> them, <span class=bibl>Th.8.10</span>; or, </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">b</span> without an acc., <b class="b3">φονέα ἐλάνθανε βόσκων</b> he maintained the murderer [[unawares]], <span class=bibl>Hdt.1.44</span>; λέληθας ἐχθρὸς ὤν <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>OT</span>415</span>; δουλεύων λέληθας <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>V</span>. 517</span>; συνέβη δὲ ὑπερημέρῳ γενομένῳ λαθεῖν <span class=bibl>D.21.89</span>: the reflex. Pron. may be supplied and is sts. added, λέληθεν αὑτὸν τοῖς ξυνοῦσιν ὢν βαρύς <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Fr</span>.103</span>; ἕως σαυτὸν λάθοις διαρραγείς <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Pax</span>32</span>, cf. <span class=bibl><span class=title>Nu</span>.242</span>, <span class=bibl>X.<span class=title>An</span>.6.3.22</span>: sts., however, a different object must be supplied from the context, <b class="b3">βάλλοντες ἐλάνθανον</b> (not [[ἑαυτούς]], but [[Τρῶας]]) <span class=bibl>Il. 13.721</span>; ἐλάνθανε [πάντας] ἔχων <span class=bibl>Hdt.8.5</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ διαφθαρεὶς λάθῃ [τινὰ ὁ βίος</b>] <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Ph</span>.506</span>; μὴ λάθῃ [ἡμᾶς] φύγδα βάς <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Eu</span>.256</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class=bibl>Th. 4.133</span>, etc.—In a few examples this constr. is reversed, and [[λαθών]] is put in the part., as in our idiom, <b class="b3">ἀπὸ τείχεος ἆλτο λαθών</b> (for <b class="b3">ἔλαθεν ἁλόμενος</b>) <span class=bibl>Il.12.390</span>; ἣ… λήθουσά μ' ἐξέπινες <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Ant</span>.532</span>. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">3</span> rarely c. acc. et inf., <b class="b3">μή σε λαθέτω ὑπερτιθέμεν</b> <b class='b2'>let it</b> not [[escape]] thee to… , i.e. [[forget]] not to… , <span class=bibl>Pi.<span class=title>P</span>.5.23</span>; ἔλαθεν αὐτὸν σύνθημα δοῦναι <span class=bibl>Plu.<span class=title>Arist</span>. 17</span>; <b class="b3">σφᾶς λέληθε Θεόδωρον εἶναι</b> <b class='b2'>it has been unnoticed</b> that it was… , <span class=bibl>Paus.9.41.1</span>. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">4</span> folld. by a relat. clause, <b class="b3">οὐδέ με λήθεις, ὅττι θεῶν τίς σ' ἦγε</b> thou [[escapest]] me not, <b class='b2'>it is</b> not [[unknown]] to me, that some god led thee, <span class=bibl>Il.24.563</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδέ ἑ λήθει, ὅππως</b>… <span class=bibl>23.323</span>; <b class="b3">ἐδόκεες θεοὺς λήσειν οἷα ἐμηχανῶ</b> thou thought'st to [[escape]] the gods' [[notice]] in… , <span class=bibl>Hdt.8.106</span>; οὔκουν με… οἷα πράττεις λανθάνει <span class=bibl>Ar.<span class=title>Eq</span>.465</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ λανθάνεις με, ὅτι</b>… <span class=bibl>X.<span class=title>Mem</span>.3.5.24</span>, cf. <span class=bibl><span class=title>Smp</span>.3.6</span>, <span class=bibl>13</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ γείτων λ. τινὰ οὐ μόνον ὅτι πράττει, ἀλλ' εἰ</b>… <span class=bibl>Pl.<span class=title>Tht</span>.174b</span>. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">5</span> abs., <b class='b2'>escape notice</b> or [[detection]], <span class=bibl>S.<span class=title>Tr</span>.455</span>, <span class=bibl>Th.1.37</span>, <span class=bibl>69</span>, al.; λάθε βιώσας <span class=bibl>Epicur.<span class=title>Fr</span>.551</span>; λανθάνει τὸ οὖρον προσπῖπτον <span class=bibl>Hp.<span class=title>Coac</span>.464</span>. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">B</span> causal, <b class='b2'>make one forget</b> a thing, c. gen. rei, in compds. <b class="b3">ἐκληθάνω, ἐπι-λήθω</b>; the simple Verb only in Ep. redupl. aor. 2, <b class="b3">ὄφρα… λελάθῃ ὀδυνάων</b> that… he <b class='b2'>may cause</b> him <b class='b2'>to forget</b> his pains, <span class=bibl>Il.15.60</span>; πόλιν λελάθοιτε συντυχιᾶν <span class=title>Lyr.Adesp</span>.140.9: but </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">II</span> in late Ep., [[λέλαθον]], = [[ἔλαθον]], <b class='b2'>escaped notice of</b>, <b class="b3">ἑὸν νόον, τοκῆας</b>, <span class=bibl>A.R.2.226</span>, <span class=bibl>3.779</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>Orph.<span class=title>A</span>.876</span>. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">C</span> Med. and Pass., [[let]] a thing <b class='b2'>escape one, forget</b>, </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">1</span> [[forget]] simply, in pres. (abs.), σὺ δὲ λήθεαι <span class=bibl>Il.11.790</span>: c. gen., Κίρκης μὲν ἐφημοσύνης… λανθανόμην <span class=bibl>Od.12.227</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>Pi.<span class=title>O</span>.8.72</span>; οὔ ποτε λήσομαι αὐτῶν <span class=bibl>Od.1.308</span>; ἄλγος, οὗ ποτ' οὐ λελήσεται <span class=bibl>E.<span class=title>Alc</span>.198</span>: mostly in aor. 2, ἀλκῆς λαθέσθαι <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Supp</span>.731</span>; νόστου τε λαθέσθαι <span class=bibl>Od.9.97</span>; <b class="b3">πῶς ἂν… Ὀδυσῆος… λαθοίμην</b>; <span class=bibl>1.65</span>: also in redupl. aor., οὐδὲ σέθεν… θεοὶ μάκαρες λελάθοντο <span class=bibl>Il.4.127</span>; μή τίς μοι ἀπειλάων λελαθέσθω <span class=bibl>16.200</span>; οὐ δυνάμην λελαθέσθ' Ἄτης <span class=bibl>19.136</span> (but in <span class=bibl>Hes.<span class=title>Th</span>.471</span> like the Act., <b class="b3">ὅπως λελάθοιτο τεκοῦσα</b> that she might bear [[unknown]]): so in pf., τῶν δὲ λέλασται <span class=bibl>Il.5.834</span>; ἐμεῖο λελασμένος <span class=bibl>23.69</span>; κείνου λελῆσθαι <span class=bibl>S. <span class=title>El</span>.342</span>, etc.; ἑταίρων πάντων λέλησται <span class=bibl>Pl.<span class=title>Phdr</span>.252a</span>: with a relat. clause, λελασμένος ὅσσ' ἐπεπόνθει <span class=bibl>Od.13.92</span>: fut. Med. in pass. sense, once in S., <b class="b3">οὐδέ ποτε λησόμενον οἷον ἔφυ κακόν</b> never <b class='b2'>will be forgotten, El</b>. 1249 (lyr.); cf. [[ἐπιλανθάνω]]. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">2</span> [[forget purposely]], [[pass over]], <b class="b3">ἢ λάθετ' ἢ οὐκ ἐνόησεν</b> either he <b class='b2'>chose to forget it</b>… , <span class=bibl>Il.9.537</span>; μαθοῦσιν αὐδῶ, κοὐ μαθοῦσι λήθομαι <span class=bibl>A.<span class=title>Ag</span>.39</span>. </span><span class=sense><span class="bld">II</span> in later writers fut. Med. is used like Act., <b class='b2'>escape notice</b>, ἡμᾶς <span class=bibl>Arist.<span class=title>APr</span>.66a31</span>, cf. <span class=bibl>A.R.3.737</span>, <span class=bibl>Luc.<span class=title>Sacr</span>.14</span>: abs., <span class=bibl>Alciphr.3.52</span></span>.