πολύς: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[much]], [[many]], [[often]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: [[πολλή]], [[πολύ]], Ion. poet. alo [[πολλός]], [[πολλόν]].<br />Compounds: As 1. member very productive, e.g. <b class="b3">πολύ-τροπος</b> [[much-wandering]], [[much-turned]], [[wily]] (of Odysseus, Hermes a.o.; Od., h. Merc.), [[many-shaped]] (Th.); on the meaning Kakridis Glotta 11, 288 ff.; on the <b class="b3">πολυ-</b>compp. in Hom. in gen. Stanford ClassPhil. 45, 108ff.; besides rarely <b class="b3">πολλα-</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">πολλα-πλάσιος</b>, <b class="b3">-πλήσιος</b> [[manifold]] (IA.), as <b class="b3">δεκα-πλάσιος</b>, <b class="b3">πολλά-κις</b> a.o.; s. also <b class="b3">δι-πλάσιος</b>. Compar. a. superl. [[πλείων]], [[πλέων]], [[πλεῖστος]] (from <b class="b2">*pleh₁-is-to-</b>), s. v.; innovation [[πόλιστος]] (Tab. Heracl.), s. Seiler Steigerungsformen 61.<br />Derivatives: [[πολλότης]] f. [[plurality]] (Damasc.), <b class="b3">πολλ-οστός</b> "the manieth", [[one of many]], [[small]] (Att.; after [[εἰκοστός]] a. o.), <b class="b3">-άκις</b> (ep. lyr. also <b class="b3">-κι</b>) [[often]] (Il.; like <b class="b3">δεκά-κις</b> a.o.; explanation uncertain, s. Schwyzer 299 a. 597) a. o.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [800] <b class="b2">*p(e)lh₁-u-</b> [[many]]<br />Etymology: Beside [[πολύς]], <b class="b3">-ύ</b> stand the zero grade Skt. <b class="b2">purú-</b> [[many]] (IE <b class="b2">*pl̥h₁ú-</b>) and the full grade Celt., e.g. OIr. [[il]] [[many]], and Germ., e.g. Goth. OHG [[filu]] [[many]] (IE <b class="b2">*pelh₁u-</b>). For the full grade forms orig. subst. function is most prob. ("quantity, mass, fullness"); opposed is the certain zero grade Skt. adj. <b class="b2">purú-</b>; one would like to assume zero grade also for [[πολύς]] (so for <b class="b3">*παλύς</b>? Schmidt KZ 32, 382, Specht KZ 59, 111 w. diff. explanations; cf. also [[πόλις]]). -- The geminated <b class="b3">πολλο-</b>, <b class="b3">πολλα-</b> agree with the (semant.) close <b class="b3">μεγα-λο-</b>, <b class="b3">-λα-</b> and could be explained by loss of a syll. from <b class="b3">*πολυ-λο-</b>, <b class="b3">-λα-</b>. More in Schwyzer 265 w. lit. a. discussion of other interpretations; on the inflection etc. Schwyzer 584. The word for [[many]] is a very old deriv. of the verb for [[fill]] (s. [[πίμπλημι]]). -- WP. 2, 64f., Pok. 800, W.-Hofmann s. [[plūs]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">purú-</b> w. further forms a. lit.