ἔπος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=older ϝέπος <span class="title">SIG</span>9 (v. infr.), etc., εος, τό (Skt. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[vácas]] 'word', 'hymn', cf. [[εἶπον]]): </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> [[word]], <b class="b3">παύρῳ ἔπει</b> in short [[utterance]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 13.98</span>; ἐπέων κόσμος <span class="bibl">Parm.8.52</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.21</span>; ἔπους σμικροῦ χάριν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>443</span>; λόγοι ἔπεσι κοσμηθέντες <span class="bibl">Th.3.67</span> : generally, <b class="b2">that which is uttered in words, speech, tale</b>, ἔπος ἐρέειν <span class="bibl">Il.3.83</span>, etc.; φάσθαι <span class="bibl">Xenoph. 7.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Parm.1.23</span>, etc.; joined with [[μῦθος]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.597</span>, <span class="bibl">11.561</span>.—Special uses, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[song]] or [[lay accompanied by music]], <span class="bibl">8.91</span>,<span class="bibl">17.519</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[pledged word]], [[promise]], <span class="bibl">Il.8.8</span>; <b class="b3">τελέσαι ἔπος</b> fulfil, keep [[one's word]], <span class="bibl">14.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1033</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[word in season]], [[counsel]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.216</span>, <span class="bibl">2.807</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.166</span>, etc.; freq. in Trag., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>513</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[word of a deity]], [[oracle]], <span class="bibl">Od.12.266</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.13</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[saying]], [[proverb]], τὸ παλαιὸν ἔπος <span class="bibl">Id.7.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>507</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[word]], opp. [[deed]], <b class="b3">ἔπε' ἀκράαντα</b> [[words]] of none effect, opp. [[ἔτυμα]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.565</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>111</span> (lyr.); opp. [[ἔργον]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.234</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.272</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">11.1</span>; αἴτε ϝέπος αἴτε ϝάργον <span class="title">SIG</span>9 (Elis, vi B.C.); opp. [[βίη]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.106</span>; opp. [[χεῖρες]], <span class="bibl">1.77</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[subject of a speech]], [[message]], <span class="bibl">11.652</span>, <span class="bibl">17.701</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1144</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> later usages, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> joined with [[ἔργον]] or πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Heraclit.1</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>174</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>39</span>, etc.; ἔργῳ τε καὶ ἔπει <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>879c</span>; ἅμα ἔπος τε καὶ ἔργον ἐποίεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.134</span>; χρηστὰ ἔργα καὶ ἔπεα ποιέειν <span class="bibl">Id.1.90</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κατ' ἔπος</b> [[word by word]], κατ' ἔ. βασανιεῖν φησι τὰς τραγῳδίας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>802</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς ἔπος</b> at [[the first word]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Ep.Sat.</span>37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[word]] in exchange for [[word]], [[ἀμείβεσθαι]], [[ἀποκρίνεσθαι]], of an oracle, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Alex.</span>19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Philops.</span>38</span>; also ἔ. δ' ἀμείβου πρὸς ἔ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 586</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1375</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>217d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">οὐδὲν πρὸς ἔ</b>. to no [[purpose]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>751</span>; also, nothing to [[the purpose]], ἐὰν μηδὲν πρὸς ἔ. ἀποκρίνωμαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>295c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>36</span>; <b class="b3">τί πρὸς ἔπος</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>18d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν</b> [[almost]], [[practically]], qualifying a too absolute expression, esp. with [[πᾶς]] and [[οὐδείς]] (not with metaphors), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span> 78e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>456a</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1009b16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1252b29</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.47</span>, etc.; opp. [[ὄντως]] or <b class="b3">ἀκριβεῖ λόγῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>656e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>341b</span>; later ὡς ἔ. ἐστὶν εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>67.14</span>(iv A.D.); in Trag., ὡς εἰπεῖν ἔ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>714</span>(troch.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>167</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>1162</span>, once in <span class="bibl">Pl.,<span class="title">Lg.</span>967b</span>(s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἑνὶ ἔπει</b> in one [[word]], [[briefly]], ἑνὶ ἔπεϊ πάντα συλλαβόντα λέγειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> of single [[words]], esp. with ref. to etymology or usage, <span class="bibl">Id.2.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>638</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>339a</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀρθότης ἐπῶν</b>,=[[ὀρθοέπεια]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1181</span>; <b class="b3">ἄριστ' ἐπῶν ἔχον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1161</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> in pl., [[epic poetry]], opp. [[μέλη]] (lyric poetry), [[ἰαμβεῖα]], [[διθύραμβοι]], etc., ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων ἀοιδοί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>2.2</span>; τὰ Κύπρια ἔπεα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>379a</span>, etc.; ἔπεά τε ποιεῖν πρὸς λύραν τ' ἀείδειν <span class="bibl">Theoc.<span class="title">Ep.</span>21.6</span>; νικήσας ἔπος <span class="title">IG</span>3.1020; <b class="b3">ποητὴς ἐπῶν</b> ib.7.3197.9 (Orchom. Boeot.), cf. <span class="title">OGI</span>51.37 (Egypt, iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> generally, [[poetry]], even lyrics, <span class="bibl">Alcm.25</span>(prob.), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.8</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[lines]], [[verses]], esp. of spoken [[lines]] in the drama, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>862</span>, <span class="bibl">956</span>, etc. : sg., [[verse]], [[line]] of poetry, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Min.</span> 319d</span>; [[group of verses]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>386c</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.143</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> [[lines]] of writing, μυρίων ἐπῶν μῆκος <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.136</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ὅλοις ἑπτὰ ἔπεσι παραδραμεῖν</b>, of a historian, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>28</span>.</span>

|sltr=[[ἔπος]] (ἔπει, [[ἔπος]]; ἔπεα, -έων, -εσι（ν), -εσσιν. ϝεπ-, (O. 6.16) ) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b> in [[general]], [[word]] (of [[song]] or [[speech]]) οὐδ' ἀκράντοις ἐφάψατο ἔπεσι (O. 1.86) φόρμιγγα καὶ βοὰν αὐλῶν ἐπέων τε θέσιν συμμεῖξαι (O. 3.8) [[ἀφθόνητος]] ἔπεσσιν γένοιο χρόνον ἅπαντα, Ζεῦ (O. 13.25) ἀδύνατα δ' [[ἔπος]] ἐκβαλεῖν κραταιὸν ἐν ἀγαθοῖς δόλιον ἀστόν (P. 2.81) “[[φιλίων]] δ' ἐπέων ἄρχετο” (P. 4.29) ἦ ῥα Μηδείας ἐπέων [[στίχες]] (P. 4.57) “[[οὔτε]] [[ἔργον]] οὔτ' [[ἔπος]] ἐντράπελον κείνοισιν εἰπὼν” (P. 4.105) βάλλετο κρηπῖδα σοφῶν ἐπέων (P. 4.138) χαμαιπετὲς δ' ἄῤ [[ἔπος]] [[οὐκ]] ἀπέριψεν (P. 6.37) εὐώνυμον ἐς δίκαν [[τρία]] ἔπεα διαρκέσει (v. [[τρεῖς]]) (N. 7.48) τὸ δ' ἐμὸν οὔ ποτε φάσει [[κέαρ]] ἀτρόποισι Νεοπτόλεμον ἑλκύσαι ἔπεσι (N. 7.104) ἐπέων δὲ [[καρπὸς]] οὐ κατέφθινε (I. 8.46) πολ]λὰ μὲν τὰ πάροιθ[ ] δαιδάλλοισ' ἔπεσιν Παρθ. 2. 32. esp. gen. pl., words of [[song]], [[song]], ἔγειρ' ἐπέων [[σφιν]] οἶμον λιγύν (O. 9.47) Νέστορα ἐξ ἐπέων κελαδεννῶν, τέκτονες [[οἷα]] σοφοὶ ἅρμοσαν, γινώσκομεν (P. 3.113) εὗρε παγὰν ἀμβροσίων ἐπέων (P. 4.299) Ὁμηρίδαι ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων ἀοιδοί (N. 2.2) εὔθυν' ἐπὶ τοῦτον, [[ἄγε]], [[Μοῖσα]], [[οὖρον]] ἐπέων εὐκλέα (N. 6.28) κλυταῖς ἐπέων ἀοιδαῖς (N. 7.16) ἀλλ' ἐπέων γλυκὺν ὕμνον πράσσετε (N. 9.3) θεσπεσία δ' ἐπέων καύχας ἀοιδὰ [[πρόσφορος]] (καύχαις coni. Benedictus) (N. 9.7) [[Ὅμηρος]] [[αὐτοῦ]] πᾶσαν ὀρθώσαις ἀρετὰν κατὰ ῥάβδον ἔφρασεν θεσπεσίων ἐπέων λοιποῖς ἀθύρειν (i. e. of epic [[verse]]) (I. 4.39) ἀμνάμονες δὲ βροτοί, [[ὅ τι]] μὴ σοφίας [[ἄωτον]] [[ἄκρον]] κλυταῖς ἐπέων ῥοαῖσιν ἐξίκηται ζυγέν (I. 7.19) ἐμο[ὶ δ' ἐπ][ω]ν (Pae. 2.103) ]ωδ ἐπέων δυνατώτερον (Pae. 4.5) ]λόγον τερπνῶν ἐπέων[ (Pae. 14.34) ἐμὲ δ ἐξαίρετον κάρυκα σοφῶν ἐπέων Μοῖσ ἀνέστασ Δ. 2. 24.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b> s. in [[various]] senses.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> [[speech]] esp. of [[praise]]. εἶπεν ἐν Θήβαισι τοιοῦτόν τι [[ἔπος]] (O. 6.16) Ἴσθμοῖ τά τ' ἐν Νεμέᾳ παύρῳ ἔπει [[θήσω]] φανέῤ ἀθρ (O. 13.98) βουλαὶ δὲ πρεσβύτεραι ἀκίνδυνον ἐμοὶ [[ἔπος]] σὲ [[ποτὶ]] πάντα λόγον ἐπαινεῖν παρέχοντι (P. 2.66) καὶ τόδ' ἐξαύδασ [[ἔπος]] (i. e. [[answer]] ) (N. 10.80) [[ἐπεὶ]] κούφα [[δόσις]] ἀνδρὶ σοφῷ ἀντὶ μόχθων παντοδαπῶν [[ἔπος]] εἰπόντ' ἀγαθὸν ξυνὸν ὀρθῶσαι [[καλόν]] (I. 1.46) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> [[prayer]] εἰ χρεὼν τοῦθ κοινὸν εὔξασθαι [[ἔπος]] (P. 3.2) ὁ δ' ἀνατείναις οὐρανῷ χεῖρας ἀμάχους αὔδασε [[τοιοῦτο]]̄ν [[ἔπος]] (Heyne: τοιοῦτόν τι codd.) (I. 6.42) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> [[prophecy]] τὸ Μηδείας [[ἔπος]] ἀγκομίσαι (P. 4.9) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>d</b> [[tale]] λεγόμενον δὲ [[τοῦτο]] προτέρων [[ἔπος]] [[ἔχω]] (N. 3.53) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>e</b> [[saying]] Λάμπων δὲ μελέταν ἔργοις ὀπάζων Ἡσιόδου [[μάλα]] τιμᾷ τοῦτ' [[ἔπος]] (v. [[Ἡσίοδος]]) (I. 6.67) σοφοὶ δὲ καὶ τὸ μηδὲν [[ἄγαν]] [[ἔπος]] αἴνησαν [[περισσῶς]] fr. 35b.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b> frag. ]δ' [[ἔπος]][ (Pae. 8.10) ῥερῖφθαι [[ἔπος]] fr. 318.