δῆμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. [[δᾶμος]] (cf. infr. IV), ὁ, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[district]], [[country]], [[land]], Βοιωτοὶ μάλα πίονα δ. ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Il.5.710</span>; Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δ. <span class="bibl">16.437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.13.322</span>, etc.; 'Ιθάκης ἐνὶ δ. <span class="bibl">1.103</span>; δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων <span class="bibl">13.266</span>; λαοὶ ἀνὰ δῆμον <span class="bibl">16.95</span>: metaph., [[δῆμος ὀνείρων]] = the [[land of dreams]], <span class="bibl">24.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> the [[people]], [[inhabitants]] of such a district, πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ <span class="bibl">Il.3.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>271</span>; Βακτρίων ἔρρει πανώλης δ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>732</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> hence (since the common people lived in the country, the chiefs in the [[city]]), [[the commons]], [[common people]], [[δήμου ἀνήρ]], opp. [[βασιλεύς]], [[ἔξοχος ἀνήρ]], etc., <span class="bibl">Il.2.198</span>,<span class="bibl">188</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.328</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>261</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.66</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>12.22</span>, etc. (rarely of a single person, [[δῆμον ἐόντα]] = [[being a commoner]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.213</span>); opp. [[οἱ εὐδαίμονες]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.196</span>; opp. [[οἱ παχέες]], <span class="bibl">Id.5.30</span>; opp. [[οἱ δυνατοί]], <span class="bibl">Th.5.4</span>; οἱ… ἐπαναστάντες τοῖς δυνατοῖς καὶ ὄντες δῆμος <span class="bibl">Id.8.73</span>; = Lat. [[plebs]], <span class="bibl">D.H.6.88</span>, etc.; [[τοῦ πολλοῦ δῆμου εἷς]] = [[one of the people]], [[unus de plebe]], <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Sat.</span>2</span>; τοῦ δ. ὤν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Gall.</span>22</span>; in an [[army]], [[rank and file]], opp. officers, ὁ δ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., δ. ἰχθύων <span class="bibl">Antiph. 206.7</span>; τυράννων <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>1.15.1</span>; πιθήκων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">VA</span>3.4</span>; [[ὀρνέων]] <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> in a political sense, [[the sovereign people]], [[the free citizens]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>199</span>,<span class="bibl">1011</span>, etc.; ὁ δ. ὁ Ἀθηναίων <span class="title">IG</span>12.10.37, etc.; προστάτης τοῦ δήμου <span class="bibl">Th.6.35</span>, etc.; personified, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>42</span>, al.; ἱερεὺς τοῦ Δ. καὶ τῶν Χαρίτων <span class="title">IG</span>22.1028. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[popular government]], [[democracy]], opp. [[ὀλιγαρχίη]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span>; opp. [[οἱ τύραννοι]], <span class="bibl">And.1.106</span>; πολίτεομα εἶναι ἐν Χίῳ δ. <span class="title">SIG</span>283.4 (iv B. C.); δήμου κατάλυσις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Ath.</span>8.4</span>; ταῦτα καταλύει δῆμον, οὐ κωμῳδία <span class="bibl">Philippid.25.7</span>; [[δ. καταστῆσαι]], [[καταπαύειν]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.3.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.107</span>: in pl., [[democracies]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.15</span>; δ. ὁ ἔσχατος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1277b3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[the popular assembly]], λέγειν ἐν τῷ δ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>565b</span>; [[ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δ]]., formula in Inscrr., as <span class="title">IG</span>12.39, etc.; of the [[assembly]] of Oxyrhynchus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>41.19</span> (iii/iv A. D.), <span class="bibl">1407.19</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[township]], [[commune]] ( = Dor. [[κώμη]] acc. to <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1448a37</span>; but διελόμενοι τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατὰ κώμας, τὴν δὲ χώραν κατὰ δήμους <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>746d</span>, and v. infr.), in Attica, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>21.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.9.1.16</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.9, al.; elsewh., ib.12(5).594 (Ceos), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phib.</span>1.28.13</span> (iii A. D.), <span class="title">OGI</span>49.14 (Ptolemais), etc.:—Dor. δᾶμος, <span class="title">Michel</span>418.34 (Calymna), <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).58.23 (Lindos): in indications of origin, Σωφάνης ἐκ δ. Δεκελεῆθεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.73</span>; δήμου Ἁλαιεύς <span class="bibl">Antiph.211</span>; τῶν δήμων Πιτθεύς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2b</span>; τῶν δ. Θορίκιος <span class="bibl">D.39.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>21.4</span>; ἐπιγράψαι τοὺς βουλευτὰς πατρόθεν καὶ τοῦ δ. <span class="title">IG</span>22.223<span class="hiitalic">B</span>4: metaph., οἱ τῆς θαλάσσης δ. <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">Gym.</span> 44</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> name for a prostitute, <span class="bibl">Archil.184</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> [[faction]] in the circus, <span class="title">Tab.Defix.Aud.</span>15.8 (Syria, iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VII</span> = [[κατανάγκη]], Ps.-Dsc.4.131. (Perh. cognate with Skt. dā´ti '[[reap]]', [[δαίομαι]], [[δατέομαι]].) </span>