περί: Difference between revisions

|mdlsjtxt=<br />[[Perseus]]. [[around]], [[round]] [[about]] with gen., dat., and acc.<br />prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Radical [[sense]], [[round]] [[about]], all [[round]], [[whereas]] [[ἀμφί]] [[properly]] [[means]] on [[both]] sides.<br />A. WITH GENITIVE:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of Place, [[round]] [[about]], [[around]], Lat. [[circum]], Od.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[about]], near, ἑσδόμεναι περὶ [[σεῖο]] Mosch.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> Causal, to [[denote]] the [[object]] [[about]] or for [[which]] one does [[something]]:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> with Verbs of [[fighting]] or contending, μάχεσθαι περὶ πτόλιος Il.; περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος Il.; so, τρέχειν περὶ [[ἑωυτοῦ]], περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[about]], for, on [[account]] of, μερμηρίζειν [[περί]] τινος Il.; φροντίζειν [[περί]] τινος Hdt.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with Verbs of [[hearing]], [[knowing]], [[speaking]], [[about]], [[concerning]], Lat. [[circa]], de, περὶ νόστου [[ἄκουσα]] Od., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> [[rather]] of the [[motive]], [[than]] the [[object]], περὶ ἔριδος μάρνασθαι to [[fight]] for [[very]] [[enmity]], Il.; περὶ [[τῶνδε]] for these reasons, Il.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> [[about]], as to, in [[reference]] to, [[οὕτως]] ἔσχε περὶ τοῦ πρήγματος [[τούτου]] Hdt.; so, τὰ [[περί]] τινος his circumstances, Thuc.:—also without the Art., ἀριθμοῦ [[πέρι]] as to [[number]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> like Lat. [[prae]], [[before]], [[above]], [[beyond]], περὶ πάντων [[ἔμμεναι]] ἄλλων Il.; [[τετιμῆσθαι]] περὶ πάντων Il.; κρατερὸς περὶ πάντων Hom.: in [[this]] [[sense]], divided from its gen., περὶ φρένας [[ἔμμεναι]] ἄλλων in [[understanding]] to be [[beyond]] them, Il.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> to [[denote]] [[value]], περὶ [[πολλοῦ]] ἐστὶν [[ἡμῖν]] it is [[worth]] [[much]] to us, Hdt.; περὶ [[πολλοῦ]] ποιεῖσθαί τι to [[reckon]] a [[thing]] for, i. e. [[worth]], [[much]], Lat. [[magni]] facere, Hdt.; περὶ πλείστου ἡγεῖσθαι Thuc.<br />B. WITH DATIVE:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of Place, [[round]] [[about]], [[around]], of [[close]]-[[fitting]] dresses, [[armour]], etc., ἔνδυνε περὶ στήθεσσι χιτῶνα Il.; κνημῖδας περὶ κνήμῃσιν ἔθηκεν Il.; περὶ δ' ἔγχεϊ… [[καμεῖται]] [[will]] [[grow]] [[weary]] by [[grasping]] the [[spear]], Il.; περὶ δουρὶ [[πεπαρμένος]] spitted [[upon]] it, transfixed by it, Il.; πεπτῶς περὶ ξίφει Soph.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of a [[warrior]], [[standing]] [[over]] or [[going]] [[round]] a [[dead]] [[comrade]] so as to [[defend]] him (v. [[ἀμφιβαίνω]], περιβαίνὠ; [[Αἴας]] περὶ Πατρόκλῳ βεβήκει Il.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> Causal, [[much]] like [[περί]] c. gen., of an [[object]] for or [[about]] [[which]] one struggles, μαχήσασθαι περὶ δαιτί Od.; περὶ τοῖς φιλτάτοις κυβεύειν Plat.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> so also with Verbs denoting [[fear]], ἔδδεισεν δὲ περὶ ξανθῷ Μενελάῳ Il.; [[δεῖσαι]] περὶ τῷ χωρίῳ Thuc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> [[generally]], of the [[cause]] or [[occasion]], for, on [[account]] of, by [[reason]] of, Lat. [[prae]], μὴ περὶ Μαρδονίῳ πταίσῃ ἡ [[Ἑλλάς]] Hdt.; περὶ [[σφίσιν]] αὐτοῖς πταίειν Thuc.:—in Poets also, περὶ δείματι for [[fear]], Pind.; περὶ τάρβει, περὶ φόβῳ Aesch.<br />C. WITH ACCUSATIVE:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of Place, [[properly]] referring to the [[object]] [[round]] [[about]] [[which]] [[motion]] takes [[place]], περὶ βόθρον ἐφοίτων came flocking [[round]] the pit, Od.; [[ἄστυ]] [[πέρι]] διώκειν Il.:—[[hence]], near, ἑστάμεναι περὶ τοῖχον Il.; οἳ περὶ Πηνειὸν [[ναίεσκον]] Il.; περὶ τὴν κρήνην [[somewhere]] near it, Plat.; ἡ περὶ Λέσβον [[ναυμαχία]] the sea-[[fight]] off [[Lesbos]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of persons who are [[about]] one, οἱ [[περί]] τινα a [[person]]'s [[suite]], attendants, associates, οἱ περὶ τὸν Πείσανδρον πρέσβεις Thuc.; οἱ περὶ Ἡράκλειτον his [[school]], Plat.; οἱ περὶ Ἀρχίαν πολέμαρχοι [[Archias]] and his colleagues, Xen.:—[[later]], οἱ [[περί]] τινα periphr. for the [[person]] [[himself]], Plut.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of the [[object]] [[about]] [[which]] one is [[occupied]] or concerned, περὶ δόρπα πονεῖσθαι Hom.; [[εἶναι]] or γίγνεσθαι [[περί]] τι Thuc., etc.; ὁ περὶ τὸν ἵππον the [[groom]], Xen.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> denoting [[motion]] [[about]] or in a [[place]], περὶ νῆσον ἀλώμενοι [[wandering]] [[about]] the [[island]], Od.; χρονίζειν περὶ Αἴγυπτον Hdt.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> [[about]], in the [[case]] of, τὰ περὶ τὴν Αἴγυπτον γεγονότα Hdt.; εὐσεβεῖν περὶ θεούς Plat.: —also without a Verb, [[about]], in [[respect]] of, in [[regard]] to, πονηρὸς περὶ τὸ [[σῶμα]] Plat.; [[ἀκόλαστος]] περὶ [[ταῦτα]] Aeschin.; τὰ περὶ τὰς [[ναῦς]] [[naval]] affairs, Thuc.; τὰ περὶ τοὺς θεούς Xen., etc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[time]], περὶ λύχνων ἁφάς [[about]] the [[time]] of [[lamp]]-lighting, Hdt.; περὶ μέσας νύκτας [[about]] [[midnight]], Xen.; περὶ ἡλίου δυσμάς Xen.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of numbers [[loosely]] given, περὶ [[ἑβδομήκοντα]] [[about]] [[seventy]], Thuc.<br />D. POSITION: [[περί]] may [[follow]] its Subst., [[when]] it suffers [[anastrophe]], ἥν [[πέρι]], [[ἄστυ]] [[πέρι]].<br />E. absol., as ADV., [[around]], [[about]], also near, by, Hom.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> [[before]] or [[above]] others, in [[which]] [[case]] it [[commonly]] suffers [[anastrophe]], Τυδείδη, [[πέρι]] μέν σε τίον [[Δαναοί]] Il.; [[πέρι]] κέρδεα οἶδεν Od.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> περὶ κῆρι [[very]] [[much]] in [[heart]], [[right]] [[heartily]], περὶ κῆρι φιλεῖν Il.; περὶ κῆρι χολοῦσθαι Il.; so, περὶ σθένεϊ Il.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> strengthened [[περὶ πρό]], [[where]] also [[περί]] recovers its [[accent]], Il.<br />F. IN COMPOS. all its [[chief]] senses [[recur]]:<br /><b class="num">I.</b> all [[round]], as in [[περιβάλλω]], [[περιβλέπω]], [[περιέχω]].<br /><b class="num">II.</b> of [[return]] to the [[same]] [[point]], [[about]], as in [[περιάγω]], [[περιβαίνω]], [[περιστρέφω]].<br /><b class="num">III.</b> [[above]], [[before]], as in [[περιγίγνομαι]], [[περιτοξεύω]]; also [[beyond]] [[measure]], [[very]], [[exceedingly]], as in [[περικαλλής]], [[περιδείδω]], like Lat. per- in [[permultus]], [[pergratus]].<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> [[rarely]] = [[ἀμφί]], as in [[περιδέξιος]].<br />G. PROSODY:—[[though]] ι in [[περί]] is [[short]], [[περί]] does not [[suffer]] elision. The exceptions to [[this]] [[rule]] are few.