κινδυνεύω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fut. -σω <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.60</span>.α', etc.: pf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> κεκινδύνευκα <span class="bibl">Lys.3.47</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.5.61.4</span>:—Pass., mostly in pres.: fut. κινδυνευθήσομαι <span class="bibl">D.30.10</span>, κεκινδυνεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.75</span>: aor. and pf., v. infr. 3: (κίνδυνος):—to [[be daring]], [[run risk]], <b class="b3">κ. πρὸς πολλούς, πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.11</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.3.14</span>; <b class="b3">κ. εἰς τὴν Αῐγυπτον</b> [[venture]] thither, <span class="bibl">Pherecr.11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> abs., [[make a venture]], [[take a risk]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1204</span>; to [[be in dire peril]], <span class="bibl">Th.3.28</span>, <span class="bibl">6.33</span>, etc.; to [[be in danger]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1124b8</span>, etc.; of a sick person, Hp.Aph. (Sp.) 7.82, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Coac.</span>374</span>; esp. [[engage in war]], <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.43</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ χωρίου κινδυνεύοντος</b> the post [[being in peril]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.8</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ κινδυνεύων τόπος</b> the place [[of danger]], <span class="bibl">Plb.3.115.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. dat., <b class="b3">κ. τῷ σώματι, τῇ ψυχῇ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.120</span>, <span class="bibl">7.209</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἁπάσῃ τῇ Ἑλλάδι</b> [[run a risk with]] all Greece, i.e. endanger it all, <span class="bibl">Id.8.60</span>. α'; στρατιῇ <span class="bibl">Id.4.80</span>; <b class="b3">τίσιν οὖν ὑμεῖς κινδυνεύσαιτ' ἄν</b>…; [[in]] what points… ? <span class="bibl">D.9.18</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τοῖς ὅλοις πράγμασι, τῷ βίῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.70.1</span>, <span class="bibl">5.61.4</span>; τῷ ζῆν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>44.21</span> (ii B.C.): freq. with Preps., κ. ἐν τοῖς σώμασι <span class="bibl">Lys.2.63</span>; οὐκ ἐν τῷ Καρὶ ἀλλ' ἐν υἱέσι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">La.</span>187b</span> (Pass.); <b class="b3">κ. περὶ [τῆς Πελοποννήσου</b>] <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.74</span>; περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.4.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>524</span>; περὶ τοῦ σώματος <span class="bibl">And.1.4</span>; περὶ ἀνδραποδισμοῦ <span class="bibl">Isoc. 8.37</span>; περὶ τῆς μεγίστης ζημίας <span class="bibl">Lys.7.15</span>; περὶ τῆς βασιλείας πρὸς Κῦρον <span class="bibl">D.15.24</span>; περὶ αὑτῷ <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.6</span>; περὶ τοῖς φιλτάτοις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>314a</span>; but <b class="b3">κ. περὶ δισχιλίους</b> [[go into battle]] with a force of <span class="bibl">2</span>,<span class="bibl">000</span>, <span class="bibl">Eun.<span class="title">Hist.</span>p.244</span> D.; ὑπὲρ καλλίστων <span class="bibl">Lys.2.79</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. acc. cogn., [[venture]], [[hazard]], τοὺς ἐσχάτους κινδύνους <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.82</span>; κινδύνευμα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>451a</span>; μάχην <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.169</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν ψευδομαρτυρίαν</b> [[hazard]] a prosecution for perjury, <span class="bibl">D.41.16</span> codd. (<b class="b3">τῶν-ιῶν</b> Blass):—Pass., to [[be ventured]] or [[hazarded]], <b class="b3">μεταβολὴ κινδυνεύεται</b> [[there is risk]] of change, <span class="bibl">Th.2.43</span>; <b class="b3">ὁποτέρως ἔσται, ἐν ἀδήλῳ κινδυνεύεται</b> [[remains in hazardous]] uncertainty, <span class="bibl">Id.1.78</span>; τὰ μέγιστα κινδυνεύεται τῇ πόλει <span class="bibl">D.19.285</span>; [[κεκινδυνευμένον]] [[a venturous enterprise]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.14</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κινδυνευθέντα</b>, = [[τὰ κινδυνεύματα]], <span class="bibl">Lys.2.54</span>; τῶν ἤδη σφίσι καλῶς κεκινδυνευμένων <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>2.7.3</span>; τὸ φιλοπόλεμον καὶ κεκ. <span class="bibl">D.S.2.21</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> c. inf., [[run the risk]] of doing or being... τὸν στρατὸν κινδυνεύσει ἀποβαλεῖν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.65</span>; κακόν τι λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.6.9</span>; ἀπολέσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.9.89</span>; διαφθαρῆναι <span class="bibl">Th.3.74</span>; ἀποθανεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>28b</span>, etc.; τοῦ συντριβῆναι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jn.</span>1.4</span>; then, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> to express [[chance]], i.e. what [[may possibly]] or [[probably happen]]: c. pres., pf., or aor. inf., <b class="b3">κινδυνεύουσι οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὗτοι γόητες εἶναι</b> they [[run a risk of being reputed]] conjurers, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.105</span>; <b class="b3">κινδυνεύσομεν βοηθεῖν</b> we [[shall probably have]] to assist, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>164e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">172c</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἡ ἀληθὴς δόξα ἐπιστήμη εἶναι</b> [[seems likely]] to be... ib.<span class="bibl">187b</span>; <b class="b3">κινδυνεύσεις ἐπιδεῖξαι χρηστὸς εἶναι</b> you [[will have the chance of]] showing your worth, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.3.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.13.3</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀναμφιλογώτατον ἀγαθὸν εἶναι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.2.34</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>40b</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ συσσίτια κινδυνεύει συναγαγεῖν</b> he [[probably]] organized the [[σ]]., <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>625e</span>; <b class="b3">κινδυνεύω πεπονθέναι ὅπερ</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>485e</span>: c. fut. inf., dub. in <span class="bibl">Th.4.117</span>; [[κινδυνεύει]] impers., [[it may be]], [[possibly]], as an affirmat. answer, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span> 256e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>262c</span>; out of courtesy, when no real doubt is implied, <b class="b3">κινδυνεύεις ἀληθῆ λέγειν</b> you [[may very likely]] be right, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 205d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> Pass., to [[be endangered]] or [[imperilled]], ἐν ἑνὶ ἀνδρὶ πολλῶν ἀρετὰς κ. <span class="bibl">Th.2.35</span>; τὰ χρήματα κινδυνεύεται τῷ δανείσαντι <span class="bibl">D.34.28</span>:— but Pass. in sense of Act. dub. in <span class="title">GDI</span>3569.4 (Calymna).</span>

|btext=<i>ao.</i> ἐκινδύνευσα, <i>pf.</i> κεκινδύνευκα;<br /><b>I.</b> être en danger, courir un danger : κ. [[τῷ]] σώματι, [[τῇ]] ψυχῇ HDT courir un danger de la vie ; [[τίσιν]] [[οὖν]] [[ὑμεῖς]] κινδυνεύσαιτ’ [[ἄν]] ; DÉM sur quels points seriez-vous donc en danger ? <i>ou avec</i> [[περί]] τινος : περὶ [[τοῦ]] βίου AR être en danger de la vie ; avec l’inf. κ. ἀποθανεῖν PLUT, ἀπολέσθαι HDT, διαφθαρῆναι THC être en danger de mourir, de périr, d’être détruit ; κινδυνεύοντος [[τοῦ]] χωρίου THC le poste étant en péril ; <i>Pass.</i> être couru <i>en parlant d’un danger, d’un péril</i> : τὰ κινδυνευθέντα LYS les dangers qu’on a courus ; <i>particul.</i><br /><b>1</b> affronter un danger de guerre ; combattre : πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους XÉN marcher contre l’ennemi;<br /><b>2</b> courir le danger d’une condamnation : περὶ ζημίας LYS à une amende;<br /><b>II.</b> courir une chance, risquer, avoir chance de : κινδυνεύουσι γόητες [[εἶναι]] HDT ils ont chance, ils ont bien l’air d’être des charlatans ; κινδυνεύει ἀναμφιλογώτατον ἀγαθὸν [[εἶναι]] τὸ εὐδαιμονεῖν XÉN le bonheur a bien l’air d’être le bien le moins contestable ; <i>p. suite</i>, pour atténuer une affirmation <i>ou</i> marquer la probabilité ; • <i>impers.</i> κινδυνεύει, cela est bien possible, peut-être.<br />'''Étymologie:''' [[κίνδυνος]].

|elnltext=κινδυνεύω [κίνδυνος] abs. gevaar lopen, in gevaar zijn:; κ. μεγάλως groot gevaar lopen Hdt. 3.69.4; ὡς τοῦ χωρίου κινδυνεύοντος omdat het gebied in gevaar was Thuc. 4.8.3; met acc. v. h. inw. obj.:; τοῦτο... τὸ κινδύνευμα κινδυνεύειν dat gevaar lopen Plat. Resp. 451a; pass.:; δι ’ ὧν τὰ μέγιστα κινδυνεύεται τῇ πόλει door wie het grootste gevaar gevormd wordt voor de stad Dem. 19.285; subst. ptc. aor. pass. n. τὸ κινδυνευθεν het risico; gevaar lopen in de strijd, vechten:. ἑτοίμως κ. πρὸς τοὺς πολεμίους bereidwillig tegen de vijanden vechten Xen. Mem. 3.3.14; πρὸς πολλούς... κινδυνεύειν tegen een overmacht strijden Hdt. 4.11.2. risico nemen met, in gevaar brengen, op het spel zetten: met dat.:; τοῖσι σφετέροισι σώμασι καὶ τοῖσι τέκνοισι καὶ τῇ πόλι κ. hun eigen leven, hun kinderen en hun stad op het spel zetten Hdt. 2.120.2; στρατιῇ κ. het leger in gevaar brengen Hdt. 4.80.3; τίσιν οὖν ὑμεῖς κινδυνεύσαιτ ' ἄν; wat zullen jullie dan wel op het spel zetten? Dem. 9.18; ook met prep. bep.: ἐν τοῖς σώμασι τοῖς ἑαυτῶν κ. hun eigen leven riskeren Lys. 2.63; κ. περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς zijn leven riskeren Aristoph. Pl. 524; περὶ τῆς μεγίστης ζημίας κ. de zwaarste straf riskeren Lys. 7.15; κ. περὶ τοῖς φιλτάτοις het meest dierbare op het spel zetten Plat. Prot. 314a; ὑπὲρ μεγίστων καὶ καλλίστων κινδυνεύσαντες het grootste en mooiste riskerend Lys. 2.79. gevaar lopen, de kans lopen, dreigen te, met inf.:; κ. ἀπολέσθαι gevaar lopen om te komen Hdt. 8.97.1; κ. ἀποθανεῖν dreigen te sterven Plat. Ap. 28b; ἡ πόλις ἐκινδύνευσε πᾶσα διαφθαρῆναι de stad dreigde geheel vernietigd te worden Thuc. 3.74.2; pass.:; μεταβολὴ ἐν τῷ ζῆν ἔτι κινδυνεύεται een verandering in hun verdere leven dreigt Thuc. 2.43.5; onpers.:; ὁποτέρως ἔσται ἐν ἀδήλῳ κινδυνεύεται hoe het zal aflopen blijft een hachelijke onzekerheid Thuc. 1.78.2; waarschijnlijk zijn, erop lijken, met inf.:; κινδυνεύουσι οἱ ἄνθρωποι οὗτοι γόητες εἶναι het heeft er veel van weg dat die mensen tovenaars zijn Hdt. 4.105.1; κινδυνεύεις ἀληθῆ λέγειν je kon wel eens gelijk hebben Plat. Smp. 205d; κινδυνεύει τὸ ἑκόντα ἐπὶ τὸ ἄρχειν ἰέναι... αἰσχρὸν νενομίσθαι dat iemand vrijwillig streeft naar een positie als leider, wordt waarschijnlijk beschouwd als iets schandelijks Plat. Resp. 347c; κινδυνεύει ἀναμφιλογώτατον ἀγαθὸν εἶναι τὸ εὐδαιμονεῖν gelukkig zijn is waarschijnlijk het meest onbetwiste goed Xen. Mem. 4.2.34; onpers.. κινδυνεύει daar lijkt het wél op Plat. Phaedr. 262c.