ἄφεσις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εως, ἡ, (ἀφίημι) <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[letting go]], [[release]], <b class="b3">περὶ τῆς τῶν πλοίων ἀφέσεως</b> Philipp. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>273c</span>; καρπῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.43.9</span> (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">γῆ ἐν ἀφέσει</b> land [[in private hands]], opp. [[βασιλική]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span> 5.37</span> (ii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of persons, [[dismissal]]: in ritual, λαοῖς ἄ. Apul.<span class="title">Met.</span>11.17; [[release]], <span class="bibl">Plb.1.79.12</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.314.21, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>4.18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. gen., <b class="b3">ἀ. φόνου</b> [[quittance from]] murder, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>869d</span>: so abs., <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Stat.</span>8</span>; [[discharge from]] a bond, <span class="bibl">D.33.3</span>; ἄ. ἐναντίον μαρτύρων ποιήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Id.45.41</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀπόδοσις χρημάτων</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.17.29</span>; [[exemption from attendance]], [[leave of absence]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>30.6</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τῆς στρατείας</b> [[exemption from]] service, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Ages.</span>24</span>; [[remission]] of a debt, ταλάντου <span class="title">Michel</span>1340B7 (Cnidus, ii B. C.); χρημάτων <span class="title">IPE</span>12.32<span class="hiitalic">B</span>70 (Olbia, iii B. C.); sc. [[καταδίκης]], <span class="title">Inscr.Magn.</span>93c16. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">forgiveness, Ev. Marc</b>.3.29; ἁμαρτιῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>26.28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[relaxation]], [[exhaustion]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>3.6</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[divorce]], τινὶ πέμπειν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>42</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[starting]] of horses in a race, ἵππων ἄ. ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">D.S.4.73</span>: hence, [[starting-post]] itself, <b class="b3">ἰσώσας τἀφέσει</b> (Musgr. for <b class="b3">τῇ φύσει</b>) <b class="b3"> τὰ τέρματα</b> having made the winning-post one with the [[starting-post]], i.e. having completed the [[δίαυλος]] and come back to the [[starting-post]], dub. cj. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>686</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Paus.5.15.5</span>, <span class="bibl">6.20.9</span>: metaph., [[the first start]], [[beginning]] of anything, <span class="bibl">Man.3.405</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[discharge]], [[emission]], ὕδατος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span> 697a24</span>; βέλους <span class="bibl">D.S.17.41</span>; τοῦ θοροῦ, τοῦ ᾠοῦ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>756a12</span>; τοῦ κυήματος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>608a1</span>; [[the dropping]] of a foal, ib.<span class="bibl">576a25</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[discharge]], [[release]] of an engine, <span class="bibl">Ph.<span class="title">Bel.</span>58.24</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> = [[ἀφεσμός]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 625a20</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[release]], ὕδατος <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.34</span> (iii B. C.): hence, in concrete sense, [[conduit]], [[sluice]], ib.<span class="bibl">3p.88</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PFlor.</span>388.44</span> (iii A. D.): pl., ἀφέσεις θαλάσσης [[channels]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">2 Ki.</span>22.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> Astrol., [[reckoning of the vital quadrant]], <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>127</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.136.2</span> (but <b class="b3">ἀπὸ Λέοντος τὴν ἄφεσιν ποιούμενοι</b>, simply, [[starting from]]... <span class="bibl">Id.31.8</span>).</span>

|dgtxt=-εως, ἡ<br /><b class="num">I</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[suelta]], [[salida]] de actividades fisiológicas [[descarga]], [[emisión]] c. gen. τῆς φύσης Hp.<i>Prog</i>.11, <i>Coac</i>.485, ὕδατος Arist.<i>PA</i> 697^a24<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[puesta]] τοῦ ὠοῦ Arist.<i>GA</i> 756^a12<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[expulsión]] τοῦ κυήματος Arist.<i>HA</i> 608^a1<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[salida]] del enjambre, Arist.<i>HA</i> 625^a20<br /><b class="num">•</b>de armas arrojadizas [[descarga]], [[disparo]] τῶν τοξευμάτων Hp.<i>Fract</i>.2, βέλους D.S.17.41, de máquinas de guerra, Plb.27.11.6, Ph.<i>Bel</i>.58.24<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἄφεσιν· ὕσπληγα Hsch.<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. dat. ἀπολειφθείσαις ἀναπνοαῖς Charito 1.8.1.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en rel. c. el regadío [[suelta]], [[derrama]] ἄ. ὕδατος <i>PPetr</i>.2.13.2.14 (III a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>concr., esp. en plu. [[raudal(es)]], [[cauces]], [[acequias]] ἐξηράνθησαν ἀφέσεις ὑδάτων LXX <i>Il</i>.1.20, cf. <i>POxy</i>.918.5.20 (II d.C.), τὰ χώματα καὶ αἱ ἀφέσεις <i>PPetr</i>.2.42a.7, cf. 3.44.2.8 (ambos III d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>σπονδ(ῆς) ἀφέσε(ως) por el gasto (del mantenimiento) de la acequia</i>, <i>PMil.Vogl</i>.212.1ue.10, 2ue.6, διῆλθεν ἐν τῷ ὕδατι ὕδωρ ἀφέσεως atravesó por el agua un agua (que tenía la profundidad) de acequia</i> LXX <i>Ez</i>.47.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἀφέσεις θαλάσσης las corrientes del mar</i> LXX 2<i>Re</i>.22.16.<br /><b class="num">3</b> náut. [[botadura]], [[flete]] τῶν πλωίων Philipp.Maced. en D.18.77.<br /><b class="num">II</b> <b class="num">1</b>[[abandono del control]], [[dejación]] τὸν ἐγγύτατα χρόνον ἀεὶ τῆς ἀφέσεως en el tiempo inmediato al abandono del control (por parte del κυβερνήτης del cosmos)</i>, Pl.<i>Plt</i>.273c, de una causa judicial, Isoc.17.29<br /><b class="num">•</b>de las cosechas por parte del Estado después de recogidos los impuestos [[cesión]], <i>PYale</i> 51.22 (II a.C.), ἡ ἄ. τῶν πυρίνων καρπῶν <i>PAmh</i>.43.9 (II a.C.), ὅταν ἡ ἄ. δοθῇ <i>PPetr</i>.2.2.1.10 (III a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>γῆ ἐν ἀφέσει [[tierra cedida por el estado en arriendo]] τὴν ἱερὰν γῆν καὶ τὴν [[ἄλλην]] τὴν ἐν ἀφέσει γῆν <i>PTeb</i>.5.37 (II a.C.).<br /><b class="num">2</b> medic. [[dejadez]], [[abandono]] de las fuerzas ἄ. καὶ ἀφωνίη Hp.<i>Epid</i>.3.6 p.44<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[remisión]], [[desaparición]] de la fiebre, Hp.<i>Epid</i>.7.50, <i>Coac</i>.508<br /><b class="num">•</b>pero [[resolución]] de la enfermedad en un sentido u otro, Hp.<i>Morb</i>.3.6, κρίσιες καὶ ἀφέσεις Hp.<i>Iudic</i>.11.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[absolución]] φόνου Pl.<i>Lg</i>.864b, ἐγκλημάτων D.S.20.44, abs., Hermog.<i>Stat</i>.8, <i>PSI</i> 392.6, <i>PLugd.Bat</i>.20.29.3 (III a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>en lit. jud. crist. [[remisión]], [[perdón]] de los pecados <i>Eu.Marc</i>.3.29, <i>Ep.Hebr</i>.9.22, ἁμαρτημάτων Ph.2.157, ἁμαρτιῶν <i>Eu.Matt</i>.26.28, <i>Eu.Marc</i>.1.4, <i>Eu.Luc</i>.1.77, cf. <i>Ep.Barn</i>.11.1, Iren.Lugd.<i>Haer</i>.1.21.2, Clem.Al.<i>Ecl</i>.15 (p.141.6), Hippol.<i>Haer</i>.6.41.2, Socr.Sch.<i>HE</i> 1.10.3.<br /><b class="num">4</b> [[cancelación]] de deudas, impuestos τῶγ χρημάτων <i>IPE</i> 1².32B.69 (Olbia III a.C.), ταλάντου <i>TC</i> 79B.7 (III a.C.), τοῦ χρέους LXX <i>De</i>.15.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>abs. ποιῆσαι ἄφεσιν τῇ χώρᾳ LXX 1<i>Ma</i>.13.34.<br /><b class="num">5</b> [[exoneración]] de un compromiso, D.33.3, cf. 45.41<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[exención]] de prestaciones personales, Arist.<i>Ath</i>.30.6, τῆς στρατείας Plu.<i>Ages</i>.24.<br /><b class="num">III</b> ref. a pers.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[manumisión]] de esclavos, Plb.1.79.12, cf. 21.26.17, <i>IG</i> 2².657.21 (III a.C.), <i>PSI</i> 452.13 (IV d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>en el AT [[jubileo]] τῷ ἑβδόμῳ (ἔτει) ἄφεσιν ποιήσεις LXX <i>Ex</i>.23.11, cf. <i>Le</i>.25.10, 11, 12, <i>Ez</i>.46.17<br /><b class="num">•</b>gener. [[despedida]] λαοῖς ἀ. Apul.<i>Met</i>.11.17.<br /><b class="num">2</b> [[divorcio]] Plu.<i>Pomp</i>.42.<br /><b class="num">IV</b> astrol. [[impulso inicial]], [[punto de partida]] de la existencia en rel. c. la posición de los astros τῶν (τόπων) τῆς ἀφέσεως ἐπικρατούντων Ptol.<i>Tetr</i>.3.11.2, cf. <i>Iudic</i>.23.4, Vett.Val.135.1, ἄλλη γὰρ θ' ἑτέρῃ γενέθλῃ ἄ. συνάρησεν Man.3.405<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[partida]] para definir puntos cardinales τὴν ἄφεσιν ποιούμενοι tomando como punto de partida</i> Vett.Val.30.9.

|elrutext='''ἄφεσις:''' εως ἡ<br /><b class="num">1)</b> бросание, метание (βελῶν Plut.);<br /><b class="num">2)</b> выпускание (ἵππων Diod.);<br /><b class="num">3)</b> извержение, испускание ([[ὕδατος]], σπέρματος Arst.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> отпускание, освобождение (πλοίων Dem.; αἰχμαλώτων Polyb.; τῆς στρατείας Plut.);<br /><b class="num">5)</b> (о животных) разрешение от бремени Arst.;<br /><b class="num">6)</b> отпущение, прощение (φόνου Plat.; ὀφλημάτων Dem.);<br /><b class="num">7)</b> расторжение брака, уведомление о разводе (πέμψαι τὴν ἄφεσίν τινι Plut.);<br /><b class="num">8)</b> Arst. = [[ἀφεσμός]].

|sngr='''原文音譯'''：¥fesij 阿費-誒西士<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（17）<br />'''原文字根'''：從-讓（著） 相當於： （[[כָּפַר]]&#x200E;）  （[[נָשָׂא]]&#x200E;）  （[[סָלַח]]&#x200E;）<br />'''字義溯源'''：自由，釋放，赦免，得赦，得釋放，拯救，免去刑罰；源自（[[ἀφίημι]] / [[ἐναφίημι]]）=遣去）；由（[[ἀπό]] / [[ἀπαρτί]] / [[ἀποπέμπω]]）*=從，出，離）與（[[εἰμί]]）X*=行走）組成。比較幾個有關赦免的編號：<br />1） （[[ἄφεσις]]）名詞，自由，赦免 2） （[[ἀφίημι]] / [[ἐναφίημι]]）動詞，遣去，赦免 3） （[[χαρίζομαι]]）動詞，恩待，赦免在新約，關於罪的赦免，總是 1）與主耶穌基督這一位人稱有關係。（ 太9:6； 徒5:31;  13:38； 弗4:32； 西1:14）<br />2）與他的名有關係，（ 約壹2:12）<br />3）與他的血有關係，（ 太26:28； 弗1:7;  1:19； 來9:13； 約壹1:7； 啓1:5;  5:9）<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（17）；太（1）；可（2）；路（5）；徒（5）；弗（1）；西（1）；來（2）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 赦免（12） 太26:28； 可1:4； 可3:29； 路3:3； 路24:47； 徒10:43； 徒13:38； 徒26:18； 弗1:7； 西1:14； 來9:22； 來10:18；<br />2） 得赦（2） 路1:77； 徒2:38；<br />3） 赦（1） 徒5:31；<br />4） 得釋放（1） 路4:18；<br />5） 自由（1） 路4:18