ἀποκρίνω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῑ], fut. <b class="b3">ἀποκρῐνῶ</b>, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[set apart]], prob. in Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 5.7, <span class="bibl">Pherecr.23</span>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>12.8</span>; χωρὶς ἀ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>302c</span>, al.:—Pass., to [[be parted]] or [[be separated]], [[ἀποκρινθέντε]] = [[part]]ed from the [[throng]] (of two [[πρόμαχος|πρόμαχοι]]), <span class="bibl">Il.5.12</span> (nowhere else in Hom.); πίθηκος ᾔει θηρίων ἀποκριθείς <span class="bibl">Archil.89.3</span>; of the [[element]]s in [[cosmogony]], <span class="bibl">Emp.9.4</span>, Anaxag. 2, <span class="bibl">Democr.167</span>; ἀπεκρίθη . . τοῦ βαρβάρου ἔθνεος τὸ Ἑλληνικόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.60</span>; χωρίς θηρίων ἡ [[δίαιτα]] ἀποκέκριται <span class="bibl">Id.2.36</span>; <b class="b3">ἀποκεκρίσθαι εἰς ἓν ὄνομα</b> to [[be separated and brought]] under one [[name]], <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ βεβαίως ἀπεκρίθησαν</b>, of [[combatant]]s, [[separate]]d without [[decisive]] [[result]], <span class="bibl">Id.4.72</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> Medic. in Pass., to [[be distinctly formed]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prog.</span>23</span>; of the [[embryo]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>561a17</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἐν τῷ σώματι ἀποκρινόμενα</b> [[bodily]] [[secretion]]s, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span>14</span>; τὰ ἐς τὴν κοιλίην ἀ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Vict.</span>4.89</span>; but <b class="b3">ἐς τοῦτο πάντα ἀπεκρίθη</b> all illnesses [[determined]] or [[end]]ed in this [[alone]], <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>; also ᾗ τὰ περιττώματα ἀποκρίνεται are [[void]]ed, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>665b24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>773b35</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[mark by a distinctive form]], [[distinguish]], [[πρύμνη]]ν <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.194</span>; νόσημά τι ἀποκεκριμένον [[specific]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>407d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Mete.</span>369b29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[choose]], ἕνα ὑμῶν ἀ. ἐξαίρετον <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.130</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τοῦ πεζοῦ, τοῦ στρατοῦ</b>, [[choose]] from .., <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.17</span>,<span class="bibl">25</span>; <b class="b3">δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν</b> having [[set apart]], i.e. [[decree]]d, one of two, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>640</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[exclude]], πλήθει τῶν ψήφων <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>946a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> [[reject on examination]], <b class="b3">κρίνειν καὶ ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">751d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγκρίνειν καὶ ἀ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">936a</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. τινὰ τῆς νίκης</b> [[decide]] that one has [[lost]] the [[victory]], [[decide]] it [[against]] one, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1315b18</span>:—Med., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>966d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> Med., [[ἀποκρίνομαι]], fut. <b class="b3">-κρῐνοῦμαι</b>, etc.: Pl. uses pf. and plpf. Pass. in med. sense, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Prt.</span>358a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>463c</span>, etc., but also in pass. sense (v. infr.):—[[give answer]] to, [[reply]] to [[question]], dub.''1''. in <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.49</span>, <span class="bibl">8.101</span> (elsewh. <b class="b3">ὑποκρ-</b>), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1271</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IA</span>1354</span>; ἀ. τινί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1245</span>, etc.: metaph., ἀ. τοῖς πράγμασιν ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν ἐρωτημάτων <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>2.16.2</span>; <b class="b3">ἀ. πρός τινα, πρὸς τὸ ἐρωτώμενον</b>, [[to]] a [[questioner]] or [[question]], <span class="bibl">Th.5.42</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>338d</span>; ἀ. εἰ . . <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">V.</span>964</span>; ἀ. ὅτι . . <span class="bibl">Th.1.90</span>: c. acc., <b class="b3">ἀποκρίνεσθαι τὸ ἐρωτηθέν</b> to [[answer]] the [[question]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.61</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>49a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>287b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span> 1007a9</span>: c. acc. cogn., ἀ. οὐδὲ γρῦ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>17</span>; οὐδὲν ξυμβατικόν <span class="bibl">Th.8.71</span>; ἀ. ἀπόκρισιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>658c</span>:—Pass., <b class="b3">τοῦτό μοι ἀποκεκρίσθω</b> [[let]] this [[be]] my [[answer]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>187b</span>; <b class="b3">καλῶς ἄν σοι ἀπεκέκριτο</b> your [[answer]] would have been [[sufficient]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>453d</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>75c</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>299d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[answer charges]], [[defend oneself]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>632</span>; ὁ [[ἀποκρινόμενος]] = the [[defendant]], <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.4.3</span>; [[ἀπεκρινάμην]] freq. in legal documents, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.31.24</span> (iii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> aor. Pass. [[ἀπεκρίθη]], = [[ἀπεκρίνατο]], he [[answered]], condemned by Phryn.86, is unknown in earlier Att., exc. in <span class="bibl">Pherecr.51</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.149b; but occurs in Machoap.<span class="bibl">Ath.8.349d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">UPZ</span>6.30</span> (ii B. C.), <span class="title">SIG</span>674.61 (Narthacium, ii B. C.), <span class="title">IG</span>4.679 (Hermione, ii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Plb.4.30.7</span>, etc.; once in <span class="bibl">J., <span class="title">AJ</span>9.3.1</span>, twice in <span class="bibl">Luc., <span class="title">Sol.</span>5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Demon.</span>26</span>; regular in LXX (but sometimes [[ἀπεκρινάμην]] in solemn language, as <span class="bibl"><span class="title">3 Ki.</span>2.1</span>) and prevails in [[NT]] especially in the phrase ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>3.15</span>; ἀ. λέγει <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>8.20</span>, al., cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span> 2.1.22</span> codd.: fut. [[ἀποκριθήσομαι]] in same sense, <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Is.</span>14.32</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>25.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Inv.</span>4.6</span>.</span>

|dgtxt=<b class="num">• Prosodia:</b> [-ῑ-]<br /><b class="num">• Morfología:</b> [formas med.-pas. en -θη- no át. según Phryn.78; pero cf. <i>infra</i> III 1]<br /><b class="num">I</b> en v. act.<br /><b class="num">1</b> c. ac. y gener. gen. [[separar]], [[apartar]] ἀπέκρινε τοῦ στρατοῦ ὡς πέντε μυριάδας Hdt.3.25, Ἀμμωνίους τοῦ πεζοῦ Hdt.3.17, τὴν κεφαλήν de un cadáver, Ael.<i>VH</i> 12.8, en v. pas. ἀπεκρίθη ... τοῦ βαρβάρου ἔθνεος τὸ Ἑλληνικόν Hdt.1.60<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. c. ac. y prep. más gen. ταῦτα ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ τῶν ἑαυτῶν ἕκαστα γενῶν χωρὶς ἀποκρίνων Pl.<i>Ti</i>.73b<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[excluir]] en v. pas. δίκαιον ... τὸν περὶ τοιαῦτα ἀργὸν ... ἀποκρίνεσθαι ... τῶν καλῶν es justo que el perezoso acerca de estas cosas sea excluido de las recompensas</i> Pl.<i>Lg</i>.966d<br /><b class="num">•</b>fig. [[distinguir]], [[hacer diferenciado]] πρύμνην ἀποκρίνοντες (construyen las naves) distinguiendo la popa</i> e.d. haciéndola más ancha que la proa, Hdt.1.194<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[clasificar]] τοὺς ἡμίσεις αὐτῶν πλήθει τῶν ψήφων Pl.<i>Lg</i>.946a, τὴν ὀρθὴν (ἀρχήν) χωρὶς ἀ. Pl.<i>Plt</i>.302c, en v. med. νόσημα ... τι ἀποκεκριμένον una enfermedad específica</i> Pl.<i>R</i>.407d, ἀποκεκριμένον ... τὸ αἴτιον Arist.<i>Mete</i>.369^b28.<br /><b class="num">2</b> c. ac. [[rechazar tras examen]] κρίνειν καὶ ἀ. τοὺς ἀξίους Pl.<i>Lg</i>.751d, cf. 936a, Arist.<i>Pol</i>.1315^b18<br /><b class="num">•</b>[[evacuar]], [[eliminar]] en v. pas. ᾗ τὰ περιττώμενα ἀποκρίνεται por donde son evacuados los excrementos</i> Arist.<i>PA</i> 665^b24, del semen μὴ ἀποκρινόμενον no eyaculado</i> Arist.<i>GA</i> 773^b35.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[elegir]], [[escoger]] c. ac. y adj. pred. ἕνα ὑμέων ἐξαίρετον Hdt.6.130<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. conj. disyuntivas δυοῖν ἀποκρίνας κακοῖν, ἢ ... ἤ ... S.<i>OT</i> 640<br /><b class="num">•</b>en v. pas. πρώτιστ' ἀποκρίνεται del mejor animal para un sacrificio, Pherecr.28.1.<br /><b class="num">II</b> en v. med.-pas.<br /><b class="num">1</b> [[separarse]] c. gen. πίθηκος ᾔει θηρίων ἀποκριθείς Archil.77.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. prep. y gen. χωρὶς θηρίων ἡ [[δίαιτα]] ἀποκέκριται viven separados de los animales</i> Hdt.2.36<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. suj. doble o plu., de dos guerreros que se adelantan al grueso del ejército τώ οἱ ἀποκρινθέντε <i>Il</i>.5.12, tb. en cont. bélico οὐδέτεροι τελευτήσαντες ἀπεκρίθησαν Th.4.72, de elementos cosmogónicos [[ἀήρ]] τε καὶ αἰθὴρ ἀποκρίνονται Anaxag.B 2, cf. Eus.<i>PE</i> 1.8.10 (= Emp.A 30), Democr.B 167, οἱ καρποὶ ἀδρυνόμενοι ἀποκρίνονται Hp.<i>Oct</i>.3.7.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en medic. [[separarse]], [[segregarse]] de humores y secreciones, Hp.<i>Progr</i>.23, <i>VM</i> 14, [[γόνος]] <i>Placit</i>.5.11.2 (= Parm.A 54), del feto, Arist.<i>HA</i> 561^a17, τὰ ἐς τὴν κοιλίην ἀποκρινόμενα las secreciones gástricas</i> Hp.<i>Vict</i>.4.89.<br /><b class="num">3</b> c. εἰς y ac. [[ir a parar a]], [[concluir en]] ἐς τοῦτο πάντα ἀπεκρίθη toda (enfermedad) terminó en esto (la peste)</i>, Th.2.49, διὰ τὸ μηδὲ Ἕλληνάς πω ... ἐς ἓν ὄνομα ἀποκεκρίσθαι porque todavía los griegos no habían terminado por englobarse en un solo nombre</i> Th.1.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>en v. pas. [[ser clasificado como]] ἄλλα ὁκόσα ἐς [[ἄργυρον]] ἢ ἐς χρυσὸν ἀποκέκριται Luc.<i>Syr.D</i>.10.<br /><b class="num">III</b> en v. med.<br /><b class="num">1</b> en cont. de diálogo [[contestar]], [[responder]] abs. ἐς τρίτην ἡμέραν ἀποκρινέεσθαι Hdt.5.49 (cód.), cf. 8.101 (cód.), ἀποκρίναι' ἂν σαφῶς; E.<i>Ba</i>.1271, cf. Hierocl.<i>Facet</i>.4, <i>POxy</i>.2728.10 (VI d.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. dat. ἀποκρινουμαί σοι σαφώς Ar.<i>Nu</i>.1245, c. dat. y ac. τάδε ἀποκέκριταί μοι LXX 3<i>Re</i>.2.30, τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ἀποκρίνεσθαι τοῖς πράγμασιν Arr.<i>Epict</i>.2.16.2<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. πρός y ac. πρὸς αὐτὸ τὸ ἐρωτώμενον ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl.<i>Ptr</i>.338d, πρὸς τοὺς ἀμφισβητοῦντας Aristid.Quint.55.24<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. ac. πειρῶ ἀποκρίνεσθαι τὸ ἐρωτώμενον Pl.<i>Cri</i>.49a, cf. <i>Hp.Ma</i>.287b, Th.3.61<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. ac. int. ἀπόκρισιν Pl.<i>Lg</i>.658c, οὐδὲν ξυμβατικόν Th.8.71, τὸ παράπαν οὐδὲ [[γρῦ]] Ar.<i>Pl</i>.17, ἀπεκρίνω δὲ τί; E.<i>IA</i> 1354<br /><b class="num">•</b>c. conj. ἀπόκριναι σαῶς, εἰ μὴ κατέκνησας Ar.<i>V</i>.964, ἀποκρινάμενοι ὅτι πέμψουσιν Th.1.90<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. en v. pas. καί μοι τοῦτο ἀποκεκρίσθω he aquí mi respuesta</i> Pl.<i>Tht</i>.187b, cf. <i>Grg</i>.453d, <i>Men</i>.75c, <i>Euthd</i>.299d, ἀπεκρίθη contestó</i> Pherecr.51, Pl.<i>Alc</i>.2.149a, Macho 146, <i>UPZ</i> 6.30 (II a.C.), <i>IG</i> 9(2).89B.26 (Nartacio, Málide II a.C.), <i>IG</i> 4.679.5 (Hermione II a.C.), Plb.4.30.7, I.<i>AI</i> 9.35, Luc.<i>Demon</i>.26, frec. en NT esp. en fórmulas como ἀποκριθεὶς ... εἶπεν <i>Eu.Matt</i>.3.15, ἀποκριθεὶς ἔφη <i>Eu.Luc</i>.23.3, ἀποκριθεὶς λέγει <i>Eu.Marc</i>.8.29, cf. <i>Eu.Matt</i>.11.25, 16.16<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. fut. ἀποκριθήσεται c. el mismo sent. τότε ἀποκριθήσεται αὐτοῖς λέγων entonces les contestó diciendo</i>, <i>Eu.Matt</i>.25.45, cf. LXX <i>Is</i>.14.32, Hermog.<i>Inu</i>.4.6.<br /><b class="num">2</b> en cont. forenses, administrativos [[contestar a unos cargos]], [[defenderse]] ὁ ἀποκρινόμενος el acusado</i> Antipho 6.18, cf. 2.4.3<br /><b class="num">•</b>ἀπεκρινάμην frec. en los documentos legales <i>PHib</i>.31.24 (III a.C.)<br /><b class="num">•</b>tb. en la comedia ἀποκρίνασθαι δεῖται Ar.<i>Ach</i>.632.<br /><b class="num">3</b> [[pagar]], <i>PMasp</i>.169.23 (VI d.C.).

|astxt=[[ἀποκρίνω]], [in LXX [[chiefly]] for ענה;] <br />in cl.,<br /><b class="num">1.</b>to [[separate]], [[distinguish]]. <br /><b class="num">2.</b>to [[choose]]. Mid., to [[answer]]: Mt 27:12, Mk 14:61, Lk 3:16 23:9, Jo 5:17, 19 Ac 3:12. In [[late]] Gk. the [[pass]], [[also]] is used in [[this]] [[sense]], and [[pass]]. forms are the [[more]] freq. in NT (M, Pr., 39, 161; MM, s.v.);<br /><b class="num">(a)</b>in [[general]] [[sense]]: absol., Mk 12:34; c. acc. rei, Mt 22:46; c. dat. pers., Mt 12:38; seq. [[πρός]], Ac 25:16; <br /><b class="num">(b)</b>Hebraistically<br /><b class="num">(i)</b>[[like]] ענה, to [[begin]] to [[speak]], [[take]] up the [[conversation]] (Kennedy, Sources, 124f.): Mt 11:25, al., <br /><b class="num">(ii)</b>[[redundant]], as in the Heb. [[phrase]] וַיַּעַן וַיּאֹמֶר (Dalman, Words, 24f., 38; M, Pr., 14; Bl., §58, 4; 74, 2; Cremer, 374): ἀποκριθεὶς [[εἶπε]], Mt 4:4; ἔφη, 8:8; λέγει, Mk 3:33; in Jo [[most]] freq. (ἀπεκ. κ. [[εἶπε]], 1:49.