ἵνα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> Adv., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of [[place]], </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[in that place]], [[there]], once in Hom.,ἵνα γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.10.127</span> (acc.to Eust.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> elsewh. relat., [[in which place]], [[where]], <span class="bibl">2.558</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.136</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.133</span>,<span class="bibl">9.27</span>,<span class="bibl">54</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.95</span>, <span class="bibl">B.10.79</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>21</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>22</span>,<span class="bibl">855</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1231</span>, etc.: rarely in Att. Prose, <span class="bibl">Lys.13.72</span> (v. infr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phlb.</span>61b</span>; <b class="b3">ἵνα ἡ Νίκη</b> (sc. [[ἐστίν]]) <span class="title">IG</span>22.1407.13: rare in later Greek, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span>22</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ind.</span>3</span>: with particles, ἵνα τε <span class="bibl">Il.20.478</span>; ἵνα περ <span class="bibl">24.382</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.364</span>, Lys. l.c.; <b class="b3">ἵν' ἄν</b> c. subj., [[wherever]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>405</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>315</span>; as indirect interrog., <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.179</span>, <span class="bibl">2.150</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1008</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., like other Advs. of [[place]], c. gen., ἵνα τῆς χώρης <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.98</span>; <b class="b3">ἔμαθε ἵνα ἦν κακοῦ</b> [[in what]] a [[calamity]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.213</span>; οὐδ' ὁρᾶν ἵν' ἐ̄ κακοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>367</span>; <b class="b3">ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1442</span>; ἵν' ἦμεν ἄτης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>936</span>; ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἐσμὲν αὐτοῦ πέρι τῆς ἀπορίας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>243b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> with Verbs of motion, [[whither]], <span class="bibl">Od.4.821</span>, al.; ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἥκεις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>687</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Din.2.10</span>; ιναπερ ὥρμητο <span class="bibl">Th. 4.74</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of circumstance, <b class="b3">γάμος... ἵνα χρή</b> [[at which]], [[when]], <span class="bibl">Od.6.27</span>; <b class="b3">ἵνα μὲν ἐξῆν αὐτοῖς... ἐνταῦθα . .</b> [[when]] it was in their power, <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.9</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> = [[ἐάν]], dub. in <span class="bibl">Il.7.353</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ἵν' ἄν]], cf. Sch.), <span class="bibl">Archil. 74.7</span> codd., [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Din.1.1</span>, and <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>176b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Final Conj., [[that]], [[in order that]], from Hom. downwards, mostly first word in the clause, but sometimes preceded by an emphatic word, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>169d</span>; ἵνα δή <span class="bibl">Il.7.26</span>, <span class="bibl">23.207</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>420e</span>, <span class="bibl">610c</span>: never with [[ἄν]] or κε (if found, these particles belong to the Verb, as in <span class="bibl">Od.12.156</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1579</span>). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> general usage: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> with subj., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> after primary tenses of ind., also subj. and imper.: pres. ind., <span class="bibl">Il.3.252</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.111</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.2.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.2</span>: pf. ind., <span class="bibl">Il.1.203</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.129</span>: fut., <span class="bibl">Od.2.307</span>,<span class="bibl">4.591</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.15</span>; subj., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>364</span>; imper., <span class="bibl">Il.19.348</span>,al., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>61</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>880</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>297</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>341b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Men.</span>71d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after historical tenses, in similes, where the aor. is gnomic, <span class="bibl">Od.5.490</span> ([[αὔοι]] codd.); where aor. is treated as equiv. to pf., <span class="bibl">Il.9.99</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.580</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.91</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.1.4</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.26</span>: when the purpose is regarded from the point of view of the speaker's present, σὲ παῖδα ποιεύμην ἵνα μοι . . λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς <span class="bibl">Il.9.495</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.29</span>, <span class="bibl">6.100</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.44</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Lys.1.11</span>,12,al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> after opt. and [[ἄν]], when opt. with <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄν</b> is used with sense of imper., <span class="bibl">Il.24.264</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.58</span>; after <b class="b3">βουλοίμην ἄν . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Lys.7.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> after impf. with [[ἄν]], <span class="bibl">D.23.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> with opt., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> after historical tenses, <span class="bibl">Il.5.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.2</span>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>215</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.3.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>314c</span>, etc.: after the historical pres., <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>11</span>: sometimes both moods, subj. and opt., follow in consecutive clauses, <span class="bibl">Od.3.77</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.76</span>,<span class="bibl">9.51</span>, <span class="bibl">D.23.93</span>,<span class="bibl">49.14</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after opt., <span class="bibl">Od.18.369</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>325</span>; βούλοιντ' ἂν ἡμᾶς ἐξολωλέναι, ἵνα . . λάβοιεν <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Pax</span>413</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> rarely after primary tenses, by a shifting of the point of view, <span class="bibl">Od.17.250</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>24</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>410c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> with past tenses of ind., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> after unfulfilled wishes, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cri.</span>44d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> after ind. with [[ἄν]], to express a consequence which has not followed or cannot follow, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1389</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>89b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.29.17</span>: esp. after <b class="b3">ἐβουλόμην ἄν . .</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">V.</span>961</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.4.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> after such Verbs as [[ἐχρῆν]], [[ἔδει]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>647</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>335c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>181e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Euthd.</span>304e</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.5</span>, <span class="bibl">D.24.48</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.349.5</span>, etc.: whenan unfulfilled obligation is implied, <b class="b3">τεθαύμακα ὅτι οὐκ εἶπεν</b>( = [[ἔδει εἰπεῖν]]) . . ἵ… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161c</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ κοσμεῖν</b>( = [[δέον κοσμεῖν]]) . . ἵ… <span class="bibl">D.36.47</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> after pres. ind. in general statements (including the past), οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι ἔχει ἡ ὕλη, ἱ. ἀγαθοῦ ταύτῃ μετεῖχεν <span class="bibl">Plot.1.8.5</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἵνα μή</b> as the neg. of [[ἵνα]], [[that not]], <span class="bibl">Il.19.348</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> special usages: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> like [[ὅπως]], after Verbs of command and entreaty, is common only in later Gr. (but cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.327</span> with ib.<span class="bibl">19</span>), <b class="b3">ἀξιοῦν ἵ</b>… Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.155</span>; δεήσεσθαι ἵ… <span class="bibl">D.H.1.83</span>; [[παρακαλεῖν]] ἵνα… <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>3.23.27</span>: freq. in [[NT]], ἐκήρυξαν ἵνα μετανοήσωσιν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>6.12</span>, al.; of will, <b class="b3">ὅσα ἐὰν θέλητε ἵνα ποιῶσιν . .</b> ib.<span class="bibl">25</span>: hence [[ἵνα]] c. subj. stands for infin., <b class="b3">ἐν τούτῳ ἵνα καρπὸν φέρητε</b>( = [[ἐν τῷ φέρειν]]) <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>15.8</span>, etc.; πρῶτόν ἐστιν ἵνα κοιμηθῶ <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.10.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">M.Ant.8.29</span>; also for [[ὥστε]], <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ge.</span>22.14</span>,al., Plu.2.333a, <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Abst.</span>2.33</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[because]], <b class="b3">ἵνα ἀναγνῶ ἐτιμήθην</b> I was honoured [[because]] I [[read]], Anon. ap. <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>266.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Conj.</span>243.21</span>, <span class="bibl">Choerob.<span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.257</span>, al.; not found in literature. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> elliptical usages, </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">a</span> where the purpose of the utterance is stated, <b class="b3">Ζεὺς ἔσθ', ἵν' εἰδῇς</b> 'tis Zeus,— [I tell thee this] [[that]] thou [[may]]'st [[know]] it, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>989</span>; ἵνα μὴ εἴπω ὅτι οὐδεμιᾷ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>507d</span>; ἵνα συντέμω <span class="bibl">D.45.5</span>; ἵν' ἐκ τούτων ἄρξωμαι <span class="bibl">Id.21.43</span>; <b class="b3">ἵνα δῶμεν . .</b> [[granted that]] . ., <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>2.34</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1.79</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in commands, introducing a principal sentence, <b class="b3">ἵνα συντάξῃς</b> [[order]] him... <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span> 240.12</span> (iii B.C.); ἵνα λαλήσῃς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.412.1</span> (iii B.C.); ἵνα ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>5.23</span>,cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ep.Cor.</span>8.7</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">2 Ma.</span>1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>4.1.41</span>, Did. ap. Sch.<span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>156</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[ἵνα τί]] (sc. [[γένηται]]); [[to what end]]? either abs. or as a question, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>719</span>; or with a Verb following, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span> 409</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>26d</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἵνα δὴ τί</b>; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1192</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">d</span> in [[indignant]] [[exclamation]]s, [[to think that]] . . ! Σωκράτης ἵνα πάθῃ ταῦτα <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>1.29.16</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> in later Gr. with ind., <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ex.</span>1.11</span>,al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Gal.</span>2.4</span>, <span class="bibl">4.17</span>, etc.</span>