γάλα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=γάλακτος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[milk]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: Rare forms dat. [[γάλακι]] (Call. Hek. 1, 4, 4), gen. [[γάλατος]] (Pap.), <b class="b3">τοῦ γάλα</b> (Pl. Com.). - Also [[γλάγος]] n. (Β 471). Other forms: <b class="b3">γλακῶντες μεστοὶ γάλακτος</b> H.; <b class="b3">κλάγος γάλα</b>. [[Κρῆτες]] H. (s. below); with hypocoristic gemination <b class="b3">γλακκόν γαλαθηνόν</b> H.; and <b class="b3">γλακτο-φάγος</b> (Il.); these forms may be due to simple assimilations (or metathesis).<br />Compounds: Old is <b class="b3">γαλα-θη-νός</b> [[sucking milk]] (Od.) from [[γάλα]] and [[θῆσθαι]]; on the suffix cf. [[ἀγανός]] etc. (Schwyzer 452), also [[τιθήνη]]. <b class="b3">γαλακτο-πότης</b> (Hdt.) etc. On [[γάλα]] as second member Sommer Nominalkomp. 83.<br />Derivatives: [[γαλακτίς]] ([[πέτρα]]) name of a stone (Orph.) = [[γαλακτίτης]] (Dsc.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 53), both also plant names = [[τιθύμαλλος]] (Aët., Gloss.; from the juice, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58, Redard 70); [[γάλαξ]] name of a white shellfish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 109; cf Chantr. Form. 379); [[γάλιον]] s. v. - Adj.: [[γαλακτώδης]] (Arist.) - Denom. verbs: [[γαλακτίζω]], [[γαλακτόομαι]], [[γαλακτιάω]]. - With [[ξ]] (from [[τ]] assibilated before [[ι]]?) [[γαλαξίας]] ([[κύκλος]]) [[Milky Way]] (D. S.; s. Chantr. 95; also [[γαλακτίας]] Ptol.); [[γαλάξια]] n. pl. name of a Cybele feast (inscr., Thphr.), from which [[Γαλαξιών]] months name on Delos (Inschr. IIIa). - Independent <b class="b3">γαλατμόν λάχανον ἄγριον</b> H. (cf. [[γάλιον]]); perhaps from <b class="b3">*γαλακτ-μόν</b> (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58); Fur. 374, 389 compares [[ἀδαλτόμον]]. - [[γάλαγγα]] [[sub verbo|s.v.]] - From [[γλάγος]] late [[γλαγερός]], [[γλαγόεις]]; also [[περιγλαγής]] (Π 642) and [[γλαγάω]] (AP). -<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [400] <b class="b2">*glkt(-)</b> [[milk]]<br />Etymology: Outside Geek only in Lat. [[lac]]. - The basis of the Greek forms is <b class="b2">*galakt-</b> or <b class="b2">*glakt-</b> seen in <b class="b3">γλακτο-φάγος</b> (Ν 6); but the latter can be a simple syncope; Latin also points to <b class="b2">*glakt</b>. From <b class="b2">*galakt</b>, with loss of the final consonants and development of sec. vowel in nom.-acc.-form (cf. on [[γυνή]]) [[γάλα]], and analogical [[γάλακτος]]. - J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 179 assumed that the <b class="b2">-t</b> originally occurred only in the nom.-acc, as in Skt. <b class="b2">yákr̥-t</b> (s. [[ἧπαρ]]). As the nom. lost its final consonants (<b class="b2">*galakt</b> > <b class="b2">*galak</b> > [[γάλα]]), the intermediate stage could have given the <b class="b2">t-</b>less forms. The Armenian forms, class. <b class="b2">kat`n</b>, dial. <b class="b2">kaxc`</b> have been explained by Kortlandt, following Weitenberg, (*through an intermediate <b class="b2">*kaɫt`-</b> with [[al]] < <b class="b2">*l̥</b> ) from <b class="b2">*gl̥kt-m</b>, <b class="b2">*gl̥kt-s</b> resp. (Rev. Et. Arm. XIX (1985) 22). - From Lat. [[lac]] MIr. [[lacht]] etc. Szemerényi's proposal (KZ 75, 1958, 17--184), from <b class="b2">*mlg/k</b> from the root of [[ἀμέλγω]], is impossible (as this root was <b class="b2">*h₂melǵ-</b>). - Old Chin. [[lak]] [[Kumys]] in first instance a nordasiatic (turkish) LW [loanword], cf. Turk. dial. [[raky]], [[araky]]; from where Arab. [[araq]], Japan. [[sake]] etc., s. Karlgren DLZ 1926, 1960f. - Vgl. Schwyzer IF 30, 438ff., Kretschmer Glotta 6, 305, Ernout-Meillet s. [[lac]], Buck Synonyms 385 - Not here Hitt. [[galaktar]] <b class="b2">Besänftigung</b>, s. Tischler HEW.