σπεύδω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to hurry]], [[to hasten]], [[to strive]], [[to exert oneself]], trans. [[to drive]], [[to quicken]], [[to ply]], [[to aspire after]].<br />Other forms: Aor. [[σπεῦσαι]], fut. [[σπεύσομαι]] (Il.), [[σπεύσω]] (E. a.o.), [[σπευσίω]] (Cret.), perf. [[ἔσπευκα]] (hell.), rare midd. <b class="b3">σπεύ-δομαι</b> (A.), pass. [[ἔσπευσμαι]] (late),<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συ-</b>. Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">κενό-σπουδ-ος</b> [[seriously prosecuting frivolities]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (hell.). -- 2. <b class="b3">κατάσπευ-σις</b> (: <b class="b3">κατα-σπεύδω</b>) f. [[hurry]] (Thd.; [[σπεῦσις]] Gloss.), <b class="b3">σπευσ-τός</b> (Phryn.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>) [[hurried]] (Arist., Eust.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σπουδ-ή</b> f. [[haste]], [[zeal]], [[labour]], [[seriousness]], [[good will]] (Il.), with <b class="b3">-αιος</b> [[zealous]], [[striving]], [[serious]], [[good]] (IA) with <b class="b3">-αιότης</b> f. (Pl. Def., [[LXX]] a. o.), <b class="b3">-αξ ἀλετρίβανος</b> H. (cf. below); <b class="b3">-άζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συ-</b> a. o.) <b class="b2">to be quick, to carry on seriously, etc.</b> (IA) with <b class="b3">-ασμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμάτιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμός</b>, <b class="b3">-αστής</b>, <b class="b3">-αστός</b>, <b class="b3">-αστικός</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [998f] <b class="b2">*speud-</b> [[press]], [[do emphatically]], [[hurry]].<br />Etymology: Through the maintenance of the <b class="b3">ου-</b>diphthong [[σπουδή]] proves to be an old derivation (cf. Schwyzer 347); the primary [[σπεύδω]] on the opposite has resisted any vowelchange. -- Good formal and semantic agreement shows Lith. <b class="b2">spáusti</b> (< <b class="b2">*spáud-ti</b>), with pres. <b class="b2">spáudžiu</b> [[press]], [[squeeze]], also [[push]], [[drive on]], intr. [[hutty]]. A trace of the meaning [[push]] has also been supposed in [[σπούδαξ]] = [[ἀλετρίβανος]], [[pestle of a mortar]] (*"oppressor"; Fick BB 29, 197). The inf. <b class="b2">spáus-ti</b> can be equated with <b class="b3">σπεύδ-ω</b>, but the pres. <b class="b2">spáudžiu</b> can as well be an old iterative IE <b class="b2">*spoudéiō</b>. With [[σπουδή]] agrees formally <b class="b2">spaudà</b> f. [[pressure]], [[literature]]. Beside it with <b class="b2">ū-</b>vowel <b class="b2">spūdà</b> f. [[throng]], [[urgency]], [[pressure]] and <b class="b2">spūdė́ti</b> [[be oppressed]], [[thrust down]], [[pain oneself]], [[meddle]]. With zero grade also Alb. <b class="b2">punë</b> [[work]], [[business]], if from <b class="b2">*spud-nā</b>. Arm. <b class="b2">p'oyt`</b>, gen. <b class="b2">p'ut`oy</b> (<b class="b2">o-</b>stem) [[zeal]] however gives problems both in the an- and auslaut; cf. Lidén GHÅ 39 [1933] : 2, 49; also Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 237. -- Hypothetic further combinations with rich lit. in WP. 2, 659, Pok. 998 f. (esp. Szemerényi ZDMG 101, 205ff.) and Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">spaudà</b>; older lit. also in Bq.