φαντασία: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, verbal noun of [[φαντάζομαι]] and (in sense) of [[φαίνομαι]], <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> [[appearing]], [[appearance]], = [[τὸ φαίνεσθαι]], πάντες ἐφίενται τοῦ φαινομένου ἀγαθοῦ, τῆς δὲ φ. οὐ κύριοι do not control the [[appearing]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1114a32</span>; usually with less verbal force, [[appearance]], [[presentation]] to consciousness, whether immediate or in memory, whether true or illusory, φαίνεται μὲν ὁ ἥλιος ποδιαῖος, ἀντίφησι δὲ πολλάκις ἕτερόν τι πρὸς τὴν φ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Insomn.</span>460b19</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ τοῦ γάλακτος φ</b>. the [[appearance]] of the milky way, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mete.</span>339a35</span>; ἡ τοῦ προσώπου φ. <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Acad.Ind.</span> p.50</span> M.; especially of visual [[images]], <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἡ ὄψις μάλιστα αἴσθησίς ἐστι, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα ἀπὸ τοῦ φάους εἴληφεν [ἡ φ</b>.] <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">de An.</span>429a2</span>; <b class="b3">κατοπτρικὴ φ</b>. [[image]] reflected in a mirror, <span class="title">Placit.</span>3.1.2; also of other sense=perceptions, <b class="b3">φ. καὶ αἴσθησις ταὐτὸν ἔν τε θερμοῖς καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς τοιούτοις</b> [[appearance]] is the same as perception, whether we are talking of hot things or of anything else like them, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>152c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.21</span>; ταῦτα ἔστι μέν τι, ἀλλ' οὐχ ὧν ἐμποιεῖ τὴν φ. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1024b24</span>; ἡ φ. ἐστὶν αἴσθησίς τις ἀσθενής . . κἂν τῷ ἐλπίζοντι ἀκολουθοῖ ἂν φ. τις οὗ ἐλπίζει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1370a28</span>; αἱ [αἰσθήσεις] ἀληθεῖς ἀεί, αἱ δὲ φ. γίνονται αἱ πλείους ψευδεῖς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>428a12</span>; φ. ἀληθεῖς ἁπάσας <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>254</span>; ἀπελθόντων τῶν αἰσθητῶν ἔνεισιν αἱ αἰσθήσεις καὶ φ. ἐν τοῖς αἰσθητηρίοις <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">de An.</span>425b25</span>; <b class="b3">διὰ τὸ ἐμμένειν [τὰς φ.] καὶ ὁμοίας εἶναι ταῖς αἰσθήσεσι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">429a5</span>; τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἀλλοιουμένης ἐξ ἧς γίνεσθαι τὴν φ. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Sens.</span>63</span>; ἐλέγχειν τὰς ἀλλήλων φ. καὶ δόξας <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>161e</span>; freq. in later Philos. especially in meaning psychic [[image]], <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1p.12U.</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>7.152</span>, <span class="bibl">M.Ant.4.24</span>, al.; defined as τύπωσις ἐν ψυχῇ <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.23</span>; φ. καταληπτική Zeno Stoic. 1.17, etc.; [φ. κ.] ἢν κριτήριον εἶναι τῶν πραγμάτων φασί, τὴν γιγνομένην ἀπὸ ὑπάρχοντος κατ' αὐτὸ τὸ ὑπάρχον ἐναπεσφραγισμένην <span class="title">Stoic.</span> 2.21, cf. 26, al.; <b class="b3">διανοητικαὶ φ</b>. mental [[images]], <span class="bibl">Cic.<span class="title">Fam.</span>15.16.1</span>; νυκτεριναὶ φ. Phlp. in de An.486.13, cf. <span class="title">Gp.</span>12.17.15; [[apparition]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mir.</span>846a37</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> less scientifically, [[appearance]], <b class="b3">ἐμποιοῦντα τὴν φ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">τοῦ ἐλέγχειν</b>) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">SE</span>165b25</span>; τὸ παράδοξον τῆς τῶν ζῴων φ. <span class="bibl">Plb. 3.53.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.48.9</span>, <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">BC</span>4.102</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hann.</span>15</span>; κατὰ τὴν πρώτην φ. <span class="bibl">Plb.11.27.7</span>; <b class="b3">συναύξειν τὴν φ. [τῆς νίκης</b>] <span class="bibl">Id.16.8.3</span>; δουλεύοντες τῇ τῶν ἐκτὸς φ. <span class="bibl">Id.30.19.4</span>; φ. ποιεῖν καὶ προσδοκίαν <span class="bibl">Id.18.10.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.2.4</span>; <b class="b3">ζῷα . . μέχρι φ. φαινόμενα</b> (in a conjuring trick) Cels. ap. <span class="bibl">Origenes<span class="title">Cels.</span>1.68</span>; κατὰ τὴν πρόχειρον οὑτωσὶ φ. Gal.6.105, cf. 15.17,115, 19.206; τῶν ἀπεπτούντων ἐνίοις φ. . . γίνονται Id.18(2).73, cf. 71, al. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[imagination]], i.e. the [[re-presentation]] of appearances or images, primarily derived from sensation (cf. αἴσθησις 11), <b class="b3">ὅταν μὴ καθ' αὑτὸ ἀλλὰ δι' αἰσθήσεως παρῇ τινι τὸ τοιοῦτον αὖ πάθος</b> (sc. [[δόξα]]) <b class="b3"> ἆρ' οἷόν τε ὀρθῶς εἰπεῖν ἕτερόν τι πλὴν φ.; . . φαίνεται δὲ ὃ λέγομεν</b> (i.e. [[φαντασία]]) σύμμειξις αἰσθήσεως καὶ δόξης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>264a</span>, <span class="bibl">264b</span>; οὐδὲ δόξα μετ' αἰσθήσεως οὐδὲ δι' αἰσθήσεως οὐδὲ συμπλοκὴ δόξης καὶ αἰσθήσεως φ. ἂν εἴη <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">de An.</span> 428a26</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ φ. καθ' ἣν λέγομεν φάντασμά τι ἡμῖν γίγνεσθαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">428a1</span>; ἔστι δὲ φ. ἡ ὑπὸ τῆς κατ' ἐνέργειαν αἰσθήσεως γινομένη κίνησις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Insomn.</span>459a17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">de An.</span>429a1</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ ἔστι καὶ τοῦτο [τὸ νοεῖν] φ. τις ἢ μὴ ἄνευ φ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">403a8</span>; c. gen., μέλλοντος κακοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1382a21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1370a30</span>, <span class="bibl">b33</span>, al.; αἰσχροῦ φ. <span class="bibl">Cic.<span class="title">Att.</span>9.6.5</span>; also περὶ ἀδοξίας φ. ἐστὶν ἡ αἰσχύνη <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1384a23</span>; <b class="b3">γίγνεται ἑκάστῳ φ. ὅτι τοιοῦτός [ἐστι</b>] ib.<span class="bibl">1371a9</span>; ἡ κατὰ τὴν σύλληψιν φ. τῆς γυναικός <span class="title">Placit.</span>5.12.2, cf. <span class="bibl">Sor.1.39</span> (pl.); <b class="b3">τὰ πρὸς τὴν φ. χρώματα</b> colours as judged by the [[φ]]., [[apparent]] colours, <span class="title">Placit.</span>1.15.8; <b class="b3">φωτίζεσθαι πρὸς τὴν φ</b>. ib.2.28.6. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> in Aristotle, [[faculty of imagination]], both presentative and representative, opp. αἴσθησις, [φ.] οὐκ ἔστιν αἴσθησις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">de An.</span> 428a5</span>; opp. [[δόξα]], because [[πίστις]] is absent, ib.<span class="bibl">22</span>, <span class="bibl">24</span>; opp. [[ἐπιστήμη]], <b class="b3">νοῦς, διάνοια, οὐδὲ [φ.] τῶν ἀεὶ ἀληθευόντων οὐδεμία ἔσται, οἷον ἐπιστήμη ἢ νοῦς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">428a17</span>; <b class="b3">φ. ἕτερον καὶ αἰσθήσεως καὶ διανοίας· αὐτή τε οὐ γίγνεται ἄνευ αἰσθήσεως καὶ ἄνευ ταύτης οὐκ ἔστιν ὑπόληψις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">427b14</span>; φ. γίνεται ἢ διὰ νοήσεως ἢ δι' αἰσθήσεως <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">MA</span>702a19</span>; ὀρεκτικὸν [τὸ ζῷον] οὐκ ἄνευ φ., φ. δὲ πᾶσα ἢ λογιστικὴ ἢ αἰσθητική <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>433b28</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[creative imagination]], φ. σοφωτέρα μιμήσεως δημιουργός <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>6.19</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> the [[use of imagery]] in literature, τεθορύβηται ταῖς φ. μᾶλλον ἢ δεδείνωται Longin.3.1; ἡ ῥητορικὴ φ. Id.15.2; ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀποδεικτικοῦ περιελκόμεθα εἰς τὸ κατὰ φαντασίαν ἐκπληκτικόν Id.15.11; αἱ ποιητικαὶ φ. Plu.2.759c; ἐς τὰς φ. τῶν λεγομένων τῷ σχήματι τοῦ σώματος συνεφέροντο <span class="bibl">App.<span class="title">Pun.</span>134</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hisp.</span>26</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Syr.</span>40</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[prestige]], [[reputation]], μεγάλην ἐφείλκετο φ. ὡς μόνος εἰδὼς τί λέγει <span class="bibl">Plb.22.9.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">24.7.2</span>, <span class="bibl">24.11.5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>233</span>; ἐκ τοῦ τοὺς ἄλλους ἐλέγχειν φ. ἀπενέγκασθαι προαιρούμενος <span class="bibl">Hipparch.1.1.6</span>; [[parade]], [[ostentation]], ποιέειν μηδὲν περιέργως μηδὲ μετὰ φαντασίης <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Decent.</span>7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.15.25.22</span>, <span class="bibl">16.21.1</span>, <span class="bibl">31.26.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Posidon.36</span> J., <span class="bibl">D.S.12.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.38.26</span>, al.; ἡ ἐφήμερος τῆς ἀρχῆς φ. Sopat. ap. Stob.4.5.55; μετὰ πολλῆς φ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span> 25.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.L.4.53</span>.</span>