ψιλός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> of land, [[bare]], <b class="b3">ψ. ἄροσις</b> [[open]] cornland, <span class="bibl">Il.9.580</span>; πεδίον μέγα τε καὶ ψ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.80</span>; ὁ λόφος . . δασὺς ἴδῃσί ἐστι, ἐούσης τῆς ἄλλης Λιβύης ψ. <span class="bibl">Id.4.175</span>; ἀπὸ ψ. τῆς γῆς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span> 111d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.5</span>, etc.: in full, [γῆ] ψ. δενδρέων <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.19</span>,<span class="bibl">21</span>; <b class="b3">ἄδενδρα καὶ ψ</b>., of the Alps, <span class="bibl">Plb.3.55.9</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ψ</b>. (sc. [[χωρία]]), opp. <b class="b3">τὰ ὑλώδη</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.7</span>; <b class="b3">τόποι ψ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">4.6</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. γεωργία</b> the tillage of land [[for corn and the like]], opp. <b class="b3">γ. πεφυτευμένη</b> (the tillage of it [[for vines]], [[olives]], etc.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1258b18</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>3.20.1</span>; so γῆ ψ. <span class="bibl">Eup. 230</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.115</span>, <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.175, 2.33; ἐλαῖαι, ὧν νῦν τὰ πολλὰ ἐκκέκοπται καὶ ἡ γῆ ψ. γεγένηται <span class="bibl">Lys.7.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> of animals, [[stripped of hair]] or [[feathers]], [[smooth]] (cf. [[λεῖος]] <span class="bibl">1.3</span>), δέρμα . . ἐλάφοιο <span class="bibl">Od.13.437</span>; σάρξ Hp.Aër.19; <b class="b3">ἡμίκραιραν ψ. ἔχων</b> with half the head [[shaved]], <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Th.</span>227</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. γνάθοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">583</span>; τὴν ὀσφὺν κομιδῇ ψ. <span class="bibl">Pherecr.23.4</span> (anap.); used of dogs [[with a short]], [[smooth coat]] of hair, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>3.2</span>; τὴν δίποδα ἀγέλην τῷ ψ. καὶ τῷ πτεροφυεῖ τέμνειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>266e</span>; ἄνθρωπος -ότατον κατὰ τὸ σῶμα τῶν ζῴων πάντων ἐστί <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>745b16</span>; so <b class="b3">ἶβις ψ. τὴν κεφαλήν</b> [[without feathers]], [[bald]] on the head, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.76</span>; [[hairless]], of the foetus of a hare, <span class="bibl">Id.3.108</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. τὰ περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν</b>, of the ostrich, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>697b18</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">ψιλαὶ Περσικαί</b> Persian [[carpets]], <span class="bibl">Callix.2</span>; such a carpet is called [[ψιλή]] alone, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>7.858.2</span> (iii B. C., pl.), <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Jo.</span>7.21</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλὴ πολύμιτος</b>, [[Babylonicum]], Gloss.; [[ψιλή]] = [[aulaeum]], [[tapeta]], ibid.; cf. [[ψιλόταπις]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[bare]], [[uncovered]], <b class="b3">ψ. ὡς ὁρᾷ νέκυν</b>, i. e. without any earth over it, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>426</span>; of a horse which has thrown its rider, <span class="title">AP</span>13.18 (Parmeno). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> c. gen., [[bare of]], [[separated from]], <b class="b3">ψ. σώματος οὖσα [ἡ ψυχή</b>] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>899a</span>; τέχναι ψ. τῶν πράξεων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>258d</span>; ψ. ὅπλων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>834c</span>; ἱππέων <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.57</span>; θηρία μεμονωμένα καὶ ψ. τῶν Ἰνδῶν <span class="bibl">Plb.11.1.12</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[stripped of appendages]], [[naked]], <b class="b3">ψ. [τρόπις</b>] the [[bare]] keel with the planks torn from it, <span class="bibl">Od.12.421</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. μάχαιραι</b> swords [[alone]], [[without other arms]], etc., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.5.58</span>; <b class="b3">θάλαττα ψ</b>. [[blank]] sea, <span class="bibl">Aristid.<span class="title">Or.</span>25(43).50</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> freq. in Prose, as a military term, of [[soldiers without heavy armour]], [[light troops]], such as archers and slingers, opp. [[ὁπλῖται]], first in <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.158</span>, al., freq. in Th., e. g. ὁπλίζει τὸν δῆμον, πρότερον ψ. ὄντα <span class="bibl">3.27</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>3.3</span>; ὁ ψ. ὅμιλος <span class="bibl">Th.4.125</span>; so [[ψιλοί]] or <b class="b3">τὸ ψιλόν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὸ ὁπλιτικόν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.2.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a7</span>; [[ψιλός]], opp. [[ὡπλισμένος]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1123</span>: coupled with [[ἄσκευος]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>1029</span>; ψιλὸς στρατεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>232</span>; ψ. δύναμις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1321a13</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ κοῦφαι καὶ αἱ ψ. ἐργασίαι</b> work [[that belongs to unarmed soldiers]], ib.<span class="bibl">1321a25</span>; ψ. χερσὶν πρὸς καθωπλισμένους <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>6.2</span>: but <b class="b3">ψ. ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν</b> [[bare]]-headed, [[without helmet]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.6</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἵππος</b> a horse [[without housings]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>7.5</span>: [[unarmed]], [[defenceless]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>953</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">λόγος ψ</b>. [[bare]] language, i. e. [[prose]], opp. to poetry which is clothed in the garb of metre, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>239c</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.97K.; more freq. in plural, ψ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>669d</span>; opp. <b class="b3">τὰ μέτρα</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b14</span>,<span class="bibl">33</span>: but in <span class="bibl">D.27.54</span> <b class="b3">ψ. λόγος</b> is a [[mere]] speech, a speech <b class="b2">unsupported by evidence;</b> and in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>165a</span> <b class="b3">ψιλοὶ λόγοι</b> are [[mere forms]] of argumentation, dialectical abstractions (so <b class="b3">ψιλῶς λέγειν</b> speak [[nakedly]], [[without alleging proofs]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>262c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>811e</span>); τὰς πράξεις αὐτὰς ψιλὰς φράζοντες <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1438b27</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ποίησις ψ</b>. [[mere]] poetry, [[without music]], i. e. <span class="title">Epic</span> poetry, opp. <span class="title">Lyric</span> (ἡ ἐν ᾠδῇ), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>278c</span>; so ἄνευ ὀργάνων ψ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>215c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1447a29</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. τῷ στόματι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μετ' ὀργάνων</b>, as a kind of [[μουσική]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>268b</span>; λύρας φθόγγοι . . ψιλοὶ καὶ ἀμεικτότεροι τῇ φωνῇ <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>922a16</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ψ. φωνή</b> the [[ordinary]] sound of the voice, opp. singing (ἡ ᾠδική), <span class="bibl">D.H. <span class="title">Comp.</span>11</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ψ. μουσική</b> [[instrumental]] music [[unaccompanied by the voice]], opp. <b class="b3">ἡ μετὰ μελῳδίας</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1339b20</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλῷ μέλει διαγωνίζεσθαι πρὸς ᾠδὴν καὶ κιθάραν</b>, of Marsyas, Plu.2.713d, cf. Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span> p.100K.; so ψ. κιθάρισις καὶ αὔλησις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>669e</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλὸς αὐλητής</b> one who plays [[unaccompanied]] on the flute (cf. [[ψιλοκιθαριστής]]), Phryn. 145. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">V</span> [[mere]], [[simple]] (cf. supr. IV. 1), <b class="b3">ἀριθμητικὴ ψιλή</b>, opp. geometry and the like, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>299e</span>; <b class="b3">ὕδωρ ψ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">σὺν οἴνῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Int.</span>35</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἀναίρεσις</b> [[mere]] removal, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>12</span>; <b class="b3">ψ. ἄνδρες</b>, i. e. men [[without women]], <span class="bibl">Antip.Stoic.3.254</span>:—Oedipus calls Antigone his <b class="b3">ψιλὸν ὄμμα</b>, as being [[the one poor]] eye left him, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>866</span>. Adv. ψιλῶς [[merely]], [[only]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>15</span>; <b class="b3">ἕνεκα τοῦ ψ. εἰπεῖν</b> for the purpose of [[merely]] saying, Sch. Il.<span class="title">Oxy.</span>1086.65; <b class="b3">ψ. ὀνομάζειν</b> call by the [[bare]] name (without epithet), <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Vit.</span>p.39J.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">VI</span> Gramm. of vowels, ψ. ἦχος [[without the spiritus asper]], <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>73</span>; ψ. πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>148.9</span>, D.T.<span class="title">Supp.</span> 674.15; ψιλῶς λέγεσθαι <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Pron.</span>57.3</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> of the letters ε and υ [[written simply]], not as αι and οι, which represented the sounds in late Gr., μαθόντες τὰ διὰ τοῦ διφθόγγου ᾱῑ τυχὸν ἅπαντα, ἐδιδάχθημεν τὰ ἄλλα πάντα ψιλὰ γράφεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Epim.</span>162</span>, cf. <span class="title">An.Ox.</span>1.124: hence [[ἐψιλόν]] as name of the letter ε and [[ὐψιλόν]] as name of υ, which are first found in Anon. post <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Et.Gud.</span>679.6</span>, <span class="bibl">678.55</span>, and Chrysoloras: <b class="b3">ἐ ψιλόν</b> is f. l. in <span class="bibl">D.T.631.5</span>: but in πᾶσα λέξις ἀπὸ τῆς κε συλλαβῆς ἀρχομένη διὰ τοῦ ε ψιλοῦ γράφεται . . πλὴν τοῦ καί, κτλ. <span class="bibl">Hdn.<span class="title">Epim.</span>62</span>, <b class="b3">ε ψ</b>. is not yet merely the name of the letter: for [[ὐψιλόν]] v. sub [[ὖ]], cf. Sch. Heph.<span class="bibl">p.93C.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> of mute consonants, the [[litterae tenues]], <b class="b3">π κ τ,</b> opp. <b class="b3">φ χ θ, ὅσαι γίγνονται χωρὶς τῆς τοῦ πνεύματος ἐκβολῆς</b> <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Aud.</span>804b10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>14</span>, <span class="bibl">D.T.631.21</span>; <b class="b3">ψιλῶς καλεῖν</b> pronounce [[with a littera tenuis]] for an aspirate, e. g., [[ῥάπυς]] for [[ῥάφυς]], [[ἀσπάραγος]] for [[ἀσφάραγος]], <span class="bibl">Ath.9.369b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eust.81.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Tz.<span class="title">H.</span>11.58</span>.</span>

|elrutext='''ψῑλός:'''<br /><b class="num">1)</b> [[голый]], [[лишенный растительности]], [[безлесный]] ([[ἄροσις]] Hom.; [[πεδίον]] Her.; [[χώρα]] Xen.; γῆ Plat.): [[γεωργία]] ψιλή τε καὶ πεφυτευμένη Arst. земледелие посевное и садовое, т. е. полеводство и садоводство;<br /><b class="num">2)</b> [[голый]], [[безволосый]] (ψ. κατὰ τὸ [[σῶμα]] Arst.): ψ. κεφαλήν Her. и ψ. τὰ περὶ τὴν κεφαλήν Arst. с голой головой, лысый (ср. 7); [[δέρμα]] ἐλάφοιο [[ψιλόν]] Hom. оленья шкура с облезшей шерстью; τὰς γνάθους ψιλὰς ἔχειν Arph. быть безбородым; τὴν ἡμίκραιραν τὴν ἑτέραν ψιλὴν ἔχων Arph. с наполовину обритой головой; ψ. [[κύων]] Xen. короткошерстая собака;<br /><b class="num">3)</b> [[непокрытый]] (попоной), неоседланный ([[ἵππος]] Xen.);<br /><b class="num">4)</b> [[непокрытый землей]], [[непогребенный]] ([[νέκυς]] Soph.);<br /><b class="num">5)</b> [[очищенный]], [[общипанный]] ([[θρίδαξ]] Her.);<br /><b class="num">6)</b> [[один]] (лишь), одинокий: ψιλὴ [[τρόπις]] Hom. отломившийся (от корабля) киль; φιλαὶ μάχαιραι Xen. мечи без перевязей; ψιλὸν [[ὄμμα]] Soph. единственный глаз (слепого Эдипа), т. е. Антигона; ἀριθμητικὴ ψιλὴ [[εἴτε]] [[ἐπίπεδος]] Plat. арифметика чистая или прилагаемая к плоскостям, т. е. планиметрия; ψιλῷ τῷ στόματι μεταχειρίζεσθαι μουσικήν Plat. исполнять песни одним голосом, т. е. без музыкальных инструментов; ψιλοὶ λογοι (реже ψ. [[λόγος]]) Plat., Arst. нестихотворная речь, проза, но тж. Plat., Dem. отвлеченные (пустые или бездоказательные) речи; ψιλὴ [[μουσική]] Arst. музыка без пения; φιλὸν [[μέλος]] Plut. песня без инструментального сопровождения;<br /><b class="num">7)</b> [[лишенный]]: ψ. δενδρέων Her. безлесный; ψ. ἱππέων Xen. лишенный конницы; ψ. σώματος Plat. бесплотный; τέχναι ψιλαὶ τῶν πράξεων Plat. искусства, не имеющие практического применения; ψ. ὅπλων Plat. невооруженный, безоружный; ψιλὴν ἔχων τὴν κεφαλήν Xen. без шлема на голове (ср. 2);<br /><b class="num">8)</b> [[легковооруженный]] ([[ὅμιλος]] Thuc.; [[δύναμις]] Arst.): οἱ ψιλοί Her., Xen. легковооруженные солдаты (отряды); αἱ ψιλαὶ ἐργασίαι Arst. действия легковооруженных войск;<br /><b class="num">9)</b> [[безоружный]], [[беззащитный]] (ψ., οὐκ ἔχων τροφήν Soph.);<br /><b class="num">10)</b> грам. простой, т. е. не имеющий придыхания (лат. [[tenuis]], напр., π, κ, τ в отличие от φ, χ, θ), не имеющий сильного придыхания, т. е. со слабым придыханием (лат. [[lenis]]) или краткий (напр., ε в отличие от η; υ стало называться [[ψιλόν]], когда утратило архаическое произношение ου).

|elnltext=ψιλός -ή -όν kaal; van landschap:; πεδίον... ἐὸν μέγα τε καὶ ψιλόν een vlakte die groot en kaal was Hdt. 1.80.1; met gen.:; ψιλὴ δὲ δενδρέων ἡ πᾶσα αὕτη dat hele gebied is vrij van bomen Hdt. 4.19; γεωργία ψιλή akkerbouw Aristot. Pol. 1258b18; van mens en dier:. αἰγέας περιβάλλονται ψιλάς zij slaan kale geitenvellen om Hdt. 4.189.2; κεφαλὴ ψιλή kaal hoofd Plat. Tim. 75e. onbedekt, bloot:; ψιλὸς νέκυς onbedekt lijk Soph. Ant. 426; ongewapend:; εἴσειμι πρὸς σὲ ψιλός ik zal ongewapend bij u binnengaan Soph. Ph. 953; verstoken van, met gen.:; τέχναι ψιλαὶ τῶν πράξεων wetenschappen zonder praktisch nut Plat. Pol. 258d; ψιλοὶ ἱππέων zonder ruiterij Xen. Cyr. 5.3.57; milit. lichtbewapend:; ὁ ψιλὸς ὅμιλος de afdeling lichtgewapenden Thuc. 4.125.2; subst.: οἱ ψιλοί lichtbewapende infanterie. zonder toevoegingen puur, enkel:; ἀριθμητικὴ ψιλή zuivere wiskunde Plat. Pol. 299e; ἐπὶ ψιλῷ τῷ τρέφεσθαι alleen maar voor het levensonderhoud Luc. 41.24; van literatuur of muziek, zonder metrum of begeleiding:. λόγῳ ψιλῷ in proza Plat. Menex. 239c; ψιλὴ ποίησις poëzie zonder muziek Plat. Phaedr. 278c; ψιλὴ μουσική muziek zonder begeleiding van zang Aristot. Pol. 1339b20.