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Κάρνεια: Difference between revisions
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[[Carneia]] (Ancient Greek: [[Κάρνεια]], or Ancient Greek: [[Καρνεῖα]] Karneia, or Ancient Greek: [[Κάρνεα]] Karnea) was the name of one of the tribal traditional festivals of [[Sparta]], the Peloponnese and Doric cities in Magna Grecia, held in honor of Apollo Karneios. Whether [[Carneus]] (or [[Carnus]]) was originally an old Peloponnesian divinity subsequently identified with [[Apollo]], or merely an "[[emanation]]" from him, is uncertain; but there seems no reason to doubt that Carneus means "the god of flocks and herds" (Hesychius, s.v. Κάρνος), in a wider sense, of the [[harvest]] and the [[vintage]]. The chief centre of his worship was Sparta, where the Carneia took place every year from the 7th to the 15th of the month Carneus (i.e. Metageitnion, August). During this period all military operations were suspended. | |wketx=[[Carneia]] (Ancient Greek: [[Κάρνεια]], or Ancient Greek: [[Καρνεῖα]] Karneia, or Ancient Greek: [[Κάρνεα]] Karnea) was the name of one of the tribal traditional festivals of [[Sparta]], the Peloponnese and Doric cities in Magna Grecia, held in honor of Apollo Karneios. Whether [[Carneus]] (or [[Carnus]]) was originally an old Peloponnesian divinity subsequently identified with [[Apollo]], or merely an "[[emanation]]" from him, is uncertain; but there seems no reason to doubt that Carneus means "the god of flocks and herds" (Hesychius, s.v. Κάρνος), in a wider sense, of the [[harvest]] and the [[vintage]]. The chief centre of his worship was Sparta, where the Carneia took place every year from the 7th to the 15th of the month Carneus (i.e. Metageitnion, August). During this period all military operations were suspended. | ||
Five unmarried youths (Ancient Greek: [[Καρνεᾶται]]) were chosen by lot from each [tribe] for four years, to superintend the proceedings, the officiating priest being called Ancient Greek: [[ἀγητής]] ("leader"). A man decked with garlands (possibly the priest himself) started running, pursued by a band of young men called Ancient Greek: [[σταφυλοδρόμοι]] ("running with bunches of grapes in their hands"); if he was caught, it was a guarantee of good fortune to the city; if not, the reverse. | Five unmarried youths (Ancient Greek: [[Καρνεᾶται]]) were chosen by lot from each [tribe] for four years, to superintend the proceedings, the officiating priest being called Ancient Greek: [[ἀγητής]] ("leader"). A man decked with garlands (possibly the priest himself) started running, pursued by a band of young men called Ancient Greek: [[σταφυλοδρόμοι]] ("running with bunches of grapes in their hands"); if he was caught, it was a guarantee of good fortune to the city; if not, the reverse. | ||
In the second part of the festival nine tents were set up in the country, in each of which nine citizens, representing the phratries (or obae), feasted together in honour of the god (for huts or booths extemporized as shelters; see W. Warde Fowler in Classical Review, March 1908, on the country festival in Tibullus ii. I). According to Demetrius of Scepsis (in Athenaeus iv. 141), the Carneia was an imitation of life in camp, and everything was done in accordance with the command of a herald. In regard to the sacrifice, which doubtless formed part of the ceremonial, all that is known is that a ram was sacrificed at Thurii. Other indications point to the festival having assumed a military character at an early date, as might have been expected among the warlike Dorians, although some scholars deny this. The general meaning of the agrarian ceremony is clear, and has numerous parallels in north European harvest-customs, in which an animal (or man disguised as an animal) was pursued by the reapers, the animal if caught being usually killed; in any case, both the man and the animal represent the vegetation spirit. E. H. Binney in Classical Review (March 1905) suggests that the story of Alcestis was performed at the Carneia (to which it may have become attached with the name of Apollo) as a vegetation drama, and "embodied a Death and Resurrection ceremony." | In the second part of the festival nine tents were set up in the country, in each of which nine citizens, representing the phratries (or obae), feasted together in honour of the god (for huts or booths extemporized as shelters; see W. Warde Fowler in Classical Review, March 1908, on the country festival in Tibullus ii. I). According to Demetrius of Scepsis (in Athenaeus iv. 141), the Carneia was an imitation of life in camp, and everything was done in accordance with the command of a herald. In regard to the sacrifice, which doubtless formed part of the ceremonial, all that is known is that a ram was sacrificed at Thurii. Other indications point to the festival having assumed a military character at an early date, as might have been expected among the warlike Dorians, although some scholars deny this. The general meaning of the agrarian ceremony is clear, and has numerous parallels in north European harvest-customs, in which an animal (or man disguised as an animal) was pursued by the reapers, the animal if caught being usually killed; in any case, both the man and the animal represent the vegetation spirit. E. H. Binney in Classical Review (March 1905) suggests that the story of Alcestis was performed at the Carneia (to which it may have become attached with the name of Apollo) as a vegetation drama, and "embodied a Death and Resurrection ceremony." | ||
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==Wikipedia EL== | ==Wikipedia EL== | ||
Τα Κάρνεια ήταν μια θρησκευτική γιορτή που λάμβανε χώρα στην Αρχαία Σπάρτη, καθώς και στις πόλεις του Άργους, του Τάραντας, της Θήρας, της Κω, της Κυρήνης, των Συρακουσών και άλλων δωρικών πόλεων. Κατά τη διάρκεια των εορτασμών, η πόλη της Σπάρτης δεν είχε δικαίωμα να εμπλακεί σε εχθροπραξίες. | Τα Κάρνεια ήταν μια θρησκευτική γιορτή που λάμβανε χώρα στην Αρχαία Σπάρτη, καθώς και στις πόλεις του Άργους, του Τάραντας, της Θήρας, της Κω, της Κυρήνης, των Συρακουσών και άλλων δωρικών πόλεων. Κατά τη διάρκεια των εορτασμών, η πόλη της Σπάρτης δεν είχε δικαίωμα να εμπλακεί σε εχθροπραξίες. | ||