σπεύδω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ep.inf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> σπευδέμεν <span class="bibl">Od.24.324</span>: fut. σπεύσω <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>153</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>926</span>, etc.; Cret. σπευσίω <span class="title">SIG</span>527.42 (iii B.C.): aor. ἔσπευσα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>161</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>45c</span>, etc.; Ep. σπεῦσα <span class="bibl">Od.9.250</span>; subj. [[σπεύσομεν]], for <b class="b3">-ωμεν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.17.121</span>: pf. ἔσπευκα <span class="title">Annuario</span> 8/9.375 (Perga, ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Paus.7.15.11</span>:—Med., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>151</span> (lyr.): fut. σπεύσομαι <span class="bibl">Il.15.402</span>:— Pass., pf. ἔσπευσμαι <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>33</span>, Gal.12.895. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">I</span> trans., [[set going]], [[urge on]], [[hasten]], ταῦτα δ' ἅμα χρὴ σπεύδειν <span class="bibl">Il.13.236</span>; οἱ δὲ γάμον σπεύδουσιν <span class="bibl">Od.19.137</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.38</span>; <b class="b3">παῦσαι σπεύδων τὰ σπεύδεις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">206</span>; σ. ἀθλίαν ὁδόν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1226</span>; <b class="b3">σ. οἱ μὲν ἴγδιν, οἱ δὲ σίλφιον, οἱ δ' ὄξος</b> [[procure quickly]], [[get ready]], <span class="bibl">Sol.39</span>; κλίμακας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1352</span>; <b class="b3">σπευσίω ὅτι κα δύναμαι κακὸν τᾷ πόλει</b> <span class="title">SIG</span>l.c. (in <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.46</span>, <b class="b3">Δημοκρίτου σπεύσαντος</b>, an acc. must be supplied). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[seek eagerly]], [[strive after]], <b class="b3">μηδὲν ἄγαν σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Thgn.335</span>,<span class="bibl">401</span>; <b class="b3">σ. βίον ἀθάνατον, μακροτέραν ἀρετάν</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.62</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>4(3).13(31)</span>; εὐψυχίαν ἀντ' εὐβουλίας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>161</span>; τὴν ἡγεμονίαν <span class="bibl">Th.5.16</span>; χάριν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1175</span>; πόλεμον τέκνοις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>1133</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[promote]] or [[further zealously]], [[press]] or [[urge on]], τι τῶν φέρει φρήν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>599</span> (lyr.); τὸ σὸν σ. ἅμα καὶ τοὐμόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>251</span>; τὸ σὸν ἀγαθόν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>120</span>(lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸ ἐφ' ἑαυτὸν ἕκαστος σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Th.1.141</span>; σ. ἀσπούδαστ' ἐπὶ σοὶ δαίμων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>201</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὰ ἐναντία τῇ ἑαυτῶν ὠφελείᾳ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">And.2.2</span>; in arguing, <b class="b3">σεαυτῷ τὰ ἐναντία σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>361a</span>; <b class="b3">σ. τοῦτο, ὅπως</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>687e</span>; μὴ σπεῦδ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ, μηδ' ἃ δεῖ σπεύδειν μένε <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Mon.</span>344</span>: c. dat., <b class="b3">οἱ Χαιρέᾳ σπεύδοντες</b> the [[partisans of]] Chaereas, <span class="bibl">Charito 6.1</span>: <b class="b3">ἐς τὰ Ἑλλήνων σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>5.8</span>: followed by a conj., εἰς τοὺς πλουσίους σπεύσω σ' ὅπως ἂν ἐγγραφῇς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>926</span>:—Med., σπευδομένα θυσίαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>151</span> (lyr.): —Pass., ξυνὸν πᾶσι ἀγαθὸν σπεύδεται <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.53</span>; <b class="b3">ἐσπευσμέναι χρεῖαι</b> [[pressing]] needs, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span>33</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. et inf., <b class="b3">σπεύσατε . . Τεῦκρον ἐν τάχει μολεῖν</b> [[urge]] him to come quickly, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>804</span>; <b class="b3">σπεῦσον . . κάπετόν τιν' ἰδεῖν</b> [[hasten]] to look out for... ib.<span class="bibl">1165</span> (anap.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> more freq. intr., [[press on]], [[hasten]]. διὰ δρυμὰ πυκνὰ καὶ ὕλην σπεύδουσ' <span class="bibl">Il.11.119</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.191</span>, <span class="bibl">23.414</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>228</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος</b> with loose rein, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>900</span>; δρόμῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1556</span>; πεζῇ <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.49</span>, etc.; [[exert oneself]], [[strive eagerly]] or [[anxiously]], of warriors fighting, <span class="bibl">Il.4.232</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">8.293</span>, etc.; of a smith at work, <span class="bibl">18.373</span>; of beasts of draught, <span class="bibl">17.745</span>; of bees working, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>597</span>: [[proverb|prov.]], ὅταν σπεύδῃ τις αὐτὸς χὠ θεὸς συνάπτεται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>742</span> (troch.); <b class="b3">σπεῦδε βραδέως</b> [[festina lente]], Gell.10.11.5; <b class="b3">σ. τινί</b> [[exert oneself for]] another, <span class="bibl">Alex.309</span>:—Construct., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> c. part., <b class="b3">σπεῦσε πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα</b> (for <b class="b3">σπουδαίως ἐπονήσατο</b>) <span class="bibl">Od.9.250</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>935</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>761</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>179</span>: reversely, [[σπεύδων]] [[in haste]], [[eagerly]], τὼ δὲ σπεύδοντε πετέσθην <span class="bibl">Il.23.506</span>; ἵκετο σπεύδων <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>4.95</span>; εἰς ἀρθμὸν ἐμοὶ . . σπεύδων σπεύδοντί ποθ' ἥξει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>193</span> (anap.); σ. ἐβοήθει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.3.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> c. inf., to [[be eager to]]... Hes <span class="title">Op.</span>22,673, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>4.11(14)</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>9.21</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>601</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.41</span>; σῴζειν θέλοντας ἄνδρα γ' ὃς σπεύδῃ θανεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>812</span>:—Med., σπευδομένα ἀφελεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>360</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> c. acc. et inf., to [[be anxious that]]... εἰρήνην ἑωυτοῖσι γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.74</span>; ἔσπευδεν εἶναι μὴ μάχας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>672</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>361a</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ λεκτικοὺς γίγνεσθαι τοὺς συνόντας οὐκ ἔσπ</b>. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.3.1</span>: also ἔσπευσεν τοῦ διατηρηθῆναι τὴν εὐφημίαν αὐτοῖς <span class="title">IG</span>22.1028.83. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> followed by [[ὡς]], [[ὅπως]], etc., σ. ὡς Ζεὺς μήποτ' ἄρξειεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>205</span>; <b class="b3">σ. ὅπως μὴ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>480b</span>; <b class="b3">ἵνα... ἵνα μὴ</b>... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>264a</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.164</span>; <b class="b3">ὥστε μή</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Od.</span>57</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> followed by a Prep., <b class="b3">σ. μάχην ἐς</b> [[show eagerness]] for... <span class="bibl">Il.4.225</span> (Med., <b class="b3">σπεύσομαι εἰς Ἀχιλῆα, ἵνα</b> . . [[hasten]], <span class="bibl">15.402</span>); εἰς ἄφενος σπεύδειν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>24</span>; εἰς ἀρετήν <span class="bibl">Thgn.403</span>; ἐς θαλάμους <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hipp.</span>182</span> (anap.); ἐς τὰ πράγματα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>599</span>, etc.; εἰς τὸ αὐτὸ ἡμῖν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.3.4</span>; δώματος εἴσω <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>100</span> (anap.); ἐπί τι <span class="bibl">Lycurg.57</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος</b> [[struggle]] for him, <span class="bibl">Il.17.121</span>; ὑπέρ τινος <span class="title">IG</span>12(9).903 (Chalcis, ii B.C.); πρός τινα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1026</span>, etc.; also σ. ὁδόν <span class="title">IG</span>14.1729. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> with Adv., σ. οἷ θέλεις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>334</span>; δεῦρο <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>179</span>; ἔνθα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.14</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> to [[be troubled in mind]], [[harassed]], <span class="bibl">[[LXX]] <span class="title">Ex.</span>15.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ki.</span>28.21</span>, al. (Cf. [[σπουδή]], [[σπούδαξ]], Lith. [[spáudžiu]] 'press'.)</span>

|elnltext=σπεύδω [~ σπουδή] Dor. 3 plur. σπεύδοντι Theocr. Id. 16.15, Dor. conj. 1 plur. σπεύδωμες Theocr. Id. 15.59, ep. inf. σπευδέμεν Od. 24.324, ep. imperf. σπεῦδον; aor. ἔσπευσα, ep. 3 sing. σπεῦσε Od. 9.250, ep. conj. σπεύσομεν Il. 17.121; perf. med. - pass. ἔσπευσμαι; fut. σπεύσω. zich haasten (met) intrans. zich haasten, ptc. σπεύδων -ουσα haastig, snel:; σπεύδων ἐβοήθει kwam snel te hulp Xen. Hell. 4.3.1; met bepaling van richting:; σ. ἐς μάχην haastig de strijd ingaan Il. 4.225; σπεύδετε θᾶσσον δώματος εἴσω haast jullie des te sneller het huis in Eur. Med. 100; ὡς σύ … οἷ θέλεις σπεύδῃς opdat u zich kunt haasten naar waar u heen wilt Soph. Tr. 334; σπεύδειν ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος zich haasten met losse teugels Soph. OC 900; met pred. ptc.: ἐπεὶ δὴ σπεῦσε πονησάμενος τὰ ἃ ἔργα toen hij dan haastig zijn eigen taken had verricht Od. 9.250. met acc. haast maken met, snel gereedmaken, bespoedigen:; γάμον het huwelijk Od. 19.137; παῦσαι σπεύδων τὰ σπεύδεις hou op met zo haastig te werken aan dat waarmee u bezig bent Hdt. 1.206.1; met acc. en inf.:; σπεύσατε … Τεῦκρον ἐν τάχει μολεῖν zorg er met spoed voor dat Teukros zo snel mogelijk komt Soph. Ai. 804; perf. pass. dringend zijn:. ἐσπευσμέναι χρεῖαι dringende behoeftes [Luc.] 49.33. zich inspannen (voor) intrans. zich inspannen, zich inzetten, zijn best doen:; πρωΐ μάλα σπεύδειν heel vroeg in de morgen zich inspannen Hes. Op. 461; ptc. σπεύδων met inspanning, met inzet;; περὶ Πατρόκλοιο θανόντος σπεύσομεν laten we ons inzetten voor de gestorven Patroklos Il. 17.121; met inf.. σπεύδει … ἀρώμεναι ἠδὲ φυτεύειν die zich inspant om te ploegen en te planten Hes. Op. 22; σῴζειν θέλοντες ἄνδρα γ’ ὃς σπεύδει θανεῖν wanneer we een man willen redden die erop uit is te sterven Soph. Ai. 812. met acc. zich inzetten of inspannen voor, streven naar:; πόλεμον ἔσπευσας τέκνοις u heeft met volle inzet oorlog gevoerd tegen uw kinderen Eur. HF 1133; ὅταν τὸ ἐφ’ ἑαυτὸν ἕκαστος σπεύδῃ wanneer ieder zich inzet voor zijn eigen belang Thuc. 1.141.6; σ. τὴν ἡγεμονίαν streven naar het leiderschap Thuc. 5.16.1; νῦν σεαυτῷ τἀναντία σπεύδεις nu zet u zich in voor een standpunt tegenovergesteld aan (dat van) u zelf Plat. Prot. 361a; met εἰς + acc..; ζηλοῖ … γείτονα γείτων εἰς ἄφενος σπεύδοντα de ene buurman kijkt jaloers naar de andere die zich inspant om rijk te worden Hes. Op. 24; met acc. en inf..; μᾶλλον τι ἔσπευσαν καὶ ἀμφότεροι εἰρήνην ἑωυτοῖσι γενέσθαι beide partijen streefden er des te meer naar vrede te krijgen Hdt. 1.74.3; σ. πρός + acc. bij iemand gedaan proberen te krijgen, met acc. en inf..; Aristoph. Ve. 1026; met finale bijzin met ὡς, ὅπως of ἵνα + conj..; εἰς τοὺς πλουσίους σπεύσω σ’ ὅπως ἂν ἐγγραφῇς ik zal me voor u inzetten opdat u ingeschreven zult worden bij de rijken Aristoph. Eq. 926; ellipt..; Δημοκρίτου σπεύσαντος waarop Democritus had aangedrongen Hdt. 8.46.3; pass.. ξυνόν … πᾶσι τοῦτο ἀγαθὸν σπεύδεται dit goede waarnaar wij streven is gemeenschappelijk voor allen Hdt. 7.53.1.

|sltr=[[σπεύδω]] (σπεύδει; σπεῦδε; σπεύδων, -οντ（α); σπεύδειν: impf. σπεῦδεν.) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> be in [[haste]] [[Πελίας]] ἵκετο σπεύδων (P. 4.95) σπεύδοντ, ἔκλαγξέ θ' ἱερ[ Πα. 8A, 10.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> be [[eager]] ([[for]]) [[κῦδος]] ὄρσαι σπεύδει Καμαρίνᾳ (O. 4.12) φαινομέναν δ' ἄῤ ἐς ἄταν σπεῦδεν [[ὅμιλος]] [[ἱκέσθαι]] (N. 9.21) c. acc., μή, φίλα ψυχά, βίον ἀθάνατον σπεῦδε (P. 3.62) καὶ [[μηκέτι]] μακροτέραν σπεύδειν ἀρετάν (I. 4.13) <br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> frag. ]ροτοι σπευδ[ Δ. 4. 22.

|lsmtext='''σπεύδω:''' Επικ. απαρ. <i>σπενδέμεν</i>· μέλ. <i>σπεύσω</i>, αόρ. αʹ <i>ἔσπευσα</i>, Επικ. <i>σπεῦσα</i>, Επικ. αʹ πληθ. υποτ. [[σπεύσομεν]] αντί <i>σπεύσωμεν</i>· παρακ. <i>ἔσπευκα</i> — Μέσ., μέλ. <i>σπεύσομαι</i> — Παθ., παρακ. <i>ἔσπευσμαι</i>·<br /><b class="num">I. 1.</b> μτβ., [[θέτω]] σε [[κίνηση]], [[επισπεύδω]], [[επιταχύνω]], [[κατεπείγω]], σε Όμηρ. κ.λπ.· επίσης, [[αναζητώ]] με [[προθυμία]], [[αγωνίζομαι]], [[προσπαθώ]] για [[κάτι]], σε Θέογν.· [[εκτελώ]] [[κάτι]] με ζήλο, [[επισπεύδω]] ή [[επιταχύνω]], σε Σοφ. κ.λπ.· ομοίως στη Μέσ., σε Αισχύλ. — Παθ., είμαι εσπευσμένος, [[βιαστικός]], επείγομαι, βιάζομαι, σε Ηρόδ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> με αιτ. και απαρ., σπεύσατε Τεῦκρον [[μολεῖν]], πιέστε τον να έλθει [[γρήγορα]], σε Σοφ.<br /><b class="num">II. 1.</b> αμτβ., [[σπεύδω]], βιάζομαι, [[προσπαθώ]], [[αγωνίζομαι]] με [[προθυμία]] ή με [[αδημονία]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Αττ.· <i>ὡς σὺ σπεύδεις</i>, όπως εσύ επιμένεις, ερίζεις, σε Πλάτ.· μτχ. <i>σπεύδων</i> ως επίρρ., βιαστικά, βεβιασμένα, [[πρόθυμα]], σε Ομήρ. Ιλ., Αισχύλ.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> με απαρ., είμαι [[πρόθυμος]] να κάνω [[κάτι]], σε Ησίοδ., Ηρόδ. κ.λπ.· ομοίως στη Μέσ., <i>σπευδόμεναι ἀφελεῖν</i>, σε Αισχύλ.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> με αιτ. πράγμ. και απαρ., είμαι [[πρόθυμος]], [[αδημονώ]] να..., σε Ηρόδ., Ξεν.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[to hurry]], [[to hasten]], [[to strive]], [[to exert oneself]], trans. [[to drive]], [[to quicken]], [[to ply]], [[to aspire after]].<br />Other forms: Aor. [[σπεῦσαι]], fut. [[σπεύσομαι]] (Il.), [[σπεύσω]] (E. a.o.), [[σπευσίω]] (Cret.), perf. [[ἔσπευκα]] (hell.), rare midd. <b class="b3">σπεύ-δομαι</b> (A.), pass. [[ἔσπευσμαι]] (late),<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συ-</b>. Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">κενό-σπουδ-ος</b> [[seriously prosecuting frivolities]] with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (hell.). -- 2. <b class="b3">κατάσπευ-σις</b> (: <b class="b3">κατα-σπεύδω</b>) f. [[hurry]] (Thd.; [[σπεῦσις]] Gloss.), <b class="b3">σπευσ-τός</b> (Phryn.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>) [[hurried]] (Arist., Eust.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σπουδ-ή</b> f. [[haste]], [[zeal]], [[labour]], [[seriousness]], [[good will]] (Il.), with <b class="b3">-αιος</b> [[zealous]], [[striving]], [[serious]], [[good]] (IA) with <b class="b3">-αιότης</b> f. (Pl. Def., [[LXX]] a. o.), <b class="b3">-αξ ἀλετρίβανος</b> H. (cf. below); <b class="b3">-άζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συ-</b> a. o.) [[to be quick]], [[to carry on seriously]], [[etc.]] (IA) with <b class="b3">-ασμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμάτιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμός</b>, <b class="b3">-αστής</b>, <b class="b3">-αστός</b>, <b class="b3">-αστικός</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [998f] <b class="b2">*speud-</b> [[press]], [[do emphatically]], [[hurry]].<br />Etymology: Through the maintenance of the <b class="b3">ου-</b>diphthong [[σπουδή]] proves to be an old derivation (cf. Schwyzer 347); the primary [[σπεύδω]] on the opposite has resisted any vowelchange. -- Good formal and semantic agreement shows Lith. <b class="b2">spáusti</b> (< <b class="b2">*spáud-ti</b>), with pres. <b class="b2">spáudžiu</b> [[press]], [[squeeze]], also [[push]], [[drive on]], intr. [[hutty]]. A trace of the meaning [[push]] has also been supposed in [[σπούδαξ]] = [[ἀλετρίβανος]], [[pestle of a mortar]] (*"oppressor"; Fick BB 29, 197). The inf. <b class="b2">spáus-ti</b> can be equated with <b class="b3">σπεύδ-ω</b>, but the pres. <b class="b2">spáudžiu</b> can as well be an old iterative IE <b class="b2">*spoudéiō</b>. With [[σπουδή]] agrees formally <b class="b2">spaudà</b> f. [[pressure]], [[literature]]. Beside it with [[ū-]]vowel <b class="b2">spūdà</b> f. [[throng]], [[urgency]], [[pressure]] and <b class="b2">spūdė́ti</b> [[be oppressed]], [[thrust down]], [[pain oneself]], [[meddle]]. With zero grade also Alb. <b class="b2">punë</b> [[work]], [[business]], if from <b class="b2">*spud-nā</b>. Arm. <b class="b2">p'oyt`</b>, gen. <b class="b2">p'ut`oy</b> ([[o-]]stem) [[zeal]] however gives problems both in the an- and auslaut; cf. Lidén GHÅ 39 [1933]: 2, 49; also Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 237. -- Hypothetic further combinations with rich lit. in WP. 2, 659, Pok. 998 f. (esp. Szemerényi ZDMG 101, 205ff.) and Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">spaudà</b>; older lit. also in Bq.

|ftr='''σπεύδω''': {speúdō}<br />'''Forms''': Aor. σπεῦσαι, Fut. σπεύσομαι (seit Il.), σπεύσω (E. u.a.), σπευσίω (kret.), Perf. ἔσπευκα (hell. u. sp.), selten Med. σπεύδομαι (A.), Pass. ἔσπευσμαι (sp.),<br />'''Grammar''': v.<br />'''Meaning''': [[sich sputen]], [[eilen]], [[streben]], [[sich anstrengen]], trans. [[antreiben]], [[beschleunigen]], [[betreiben]], [[nachstreben]].<br />'''Composita''': auch m. Präfix, z.B. ἐπι-, κατα-, συ-,<br />'''Derivative''': Davon 1. [[σπουδή]] f. [[Eile]], [[Eifer]], [[Mühe]], [[Ernst]], [[Wohlwollen]] (seit Il.), wovon -αιος [[eifrig]], [[strebsam]], [[ernsthaft]], [[gut]] (ion. att.) mit -αιότης f. (Pl. ''Def''., [[LXX]] u. a.), -αξ· [[ἀλετρίβανος]] H. (vgl. unten); -άζω (ἐπι-, κατα-, συ- u. a.) [[sich beeilen]], [[ernstlich betreiben]] (ion. att.) mit -ασμα, -ασμάτιον, -ασμός, -αστής, -αστός, -αστικός. Kompp., z.B. [[κενόσπουδος]] [[eitle Dinge ernstlich betreibend]] mit -έω, -ία (hell. u. sp.). — 2. [[κατάσπευσις]] (: [[κατασπεύδω]]) f. [[Eile]] (Thd.; [[σπεῦσις]] ''Gloss''.), [[σπευστός]] (Phryn.), -τικός (ἐπι-) [[eilig]] (Arist., Eust.).<br />'''Etymology''': Durch die Bewahrung des ου- Diphthongs erweist sich [[σπουδή]] als eine alte Ableitung (vgl. Schwyzer 347); das primäre [[σπεύδω]] hat dagegen jeden Vokalwechsel ausgeglichen. — Gute formale und semantische Übereinstimmung zeigt lit. ''spáusti'' (aus *''spáud''-''ti''), wozu Präs. ''spáudžiu'' [[drücken]], [[pressen]], auch [[drängen]], [[antreiben]], intr. [[eilen]]. Eine Spur der Bed. [[drücken]] ist auch in [[σπούδαξ]] = [[ἀλετρίβανος]], [[Mörserkeule]] (*"Zerdrücker") vermutet worden (Fick BB 29, 197). Der Inf. ''spáus''-''ti'' läßt sich mit [[σπεύδω]] gleichsetzen, aber das Präs. ''spáudžiu'' kann ebensowohl ein altes Iterativ idg. *''spoudéiō'' sein. Zu [[σπουδή]] stimmt formal ''spaudà'' f. [[Druck]], [[Presse]], [[Schrifttum]]. Daneben mit ''ū''-Vokal ''spūdà'' f. [[Gedränge]], [[Andrang]], [[Druck]] und ''spūdė́ti'' [[sich zusammengedrückt]], [[geduckt aufhalten]], [[sich quälen]], [[sich bemühen]]. Mit Schwachstufe ebenfalls alb. ''punë'' [[Arbeit]], [[Geschäft]]; wenn aus *''spud''-''nā''. Arm. ''p’oyt‘'', Gen. ''p’ut‘oy'' (''o''-Stamm) [[Eifer]] macht dagegen bezüglich sowohl des An- wie des Auslautes Schwierigkeiten; vgl. Lidén GHÅ 39 [1933]: 2, 49; dazu Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 237. — Hypothetische weitere Kombinationen mit reicher Lit. bei WP. 2, 659, Pok. 998 f. (bes. Szemerényi ZDMG 101, 205ff.) und Fraenkel s. ''spaudà''; ält. Lit. auch bei Bq.<br />'''Page''' 2,765