σωτήρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=σωτῆρος, ὁ, voc. σῶτερ (v. infr. 1.2): ''poet.'' [[σαωτήρ]] Simon. 129, Call.''Del.''166: ([[σῴζω]]):—<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[saviour]], [[deliverer]], c. gen. of person etc. saved, <b class="b3">σωτὴρ ἀνθρώπων, σωτὴρ νηῶν</b>, ''h.Hom.''22.5, 33.6; τῆς Ἑλλάδος [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 7.139; ἑστίας πατρός A.''Ch.''264; but also c. gen. rei, [νόσου], κακῶν, βλάβης, a [[preserver]] from [[disease]], [[ill]]s, [[hurt]], S.''OT''304, E. ''Med.''360 (anap.), ''Heracl.''640; c. dat., σ. τῇ πόλει καὶ νῷν φανείς [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''149; <b class="b3">σ. δόμοις</b>. Id.''Nu.''1161; of a philosopher or guide, ὁδηγόν.. ὅν φησι σωτῆρα μόνον Phld.''Lib.''p.20 O.; especially of [[Epicurus]], ὁ σωτὴρ ὁ ἡμέτερος Polystr.''Herc.''346p.80V.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[epithet]] of [[Ζεύς]], Pi.''O.'' 5.17, ''Fr.''30.5, ''IG''22.410.18 (iv B.C.), etc.; to whom persons after a safe voyage offered sacrifice, Diph.43.24; there was often a temple of <b class="b3">Ζεὺς Σ.</b> at [[harbour]]s, e.g. the [[Piraeus]], Str.9.1.15; to <b class="b3">Ζεὺς Σωτήρ</b> the third cup of wine was dedicated, τρίτον Σωτῆρι σπένδειν Pi.''I.''6(5).8; τρίτην Διὸς Σωτῆρος εὐκταίαν λίβα A.''Fr.''55; Ζεῦ σῶτερ Ar.''Th.'' 1009, Din.1.36; ὦ Ζεῦ σῶτερ Philem.79.21, Men.532.2; to drink this cup became a symbol of good luck, and the third time came to mean the lucky time, <b class="b3">τρίτος ἦλθέ ποθεν—σωτῆρ' ἢ μόρον εἴπω</b>; A.''Ch.'' 1073 (anap.); whence the proverb <b class="b3">τὸ τρίτον τῷ σωτῆρι</b> the third (i.e. the lucky) time, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 583b, ''Phlb.''66d, ''Chrm.''167a; and Zeus was himself called τρίτος σ., Παλλάδος καὶ Λοξίου ἕκατι καὶ τοῦ πάντα κραίν οντος τρίτου σωτῆρος A.''Eu.''760, cf. ''Supp.''26 (anap.).<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[epithet]] of other gods, as of [[Apollo]], Id.''Ag.''512, etc.; of [[Hermes]], Id.''Ch.''2; of Asclepios, ''IG''4.718 (Hermione), 7.2808 (Hyettus, iii A.D.), BMus. Cat.Coins Pontus p.156 (Nicaea); σ. εὐρυχόρου Λακεδαίμονος Isyll. 82; τὸν σ. τῶν ὅλων Ἀσκληπιόν Jul.''Or.''4.153b; Ζεὺς Ἀσκληπιὸς σωτὴρ τῶν ὅλων Aristid.''Or.''42(6).4; of the Dioscuri, ''IG''12(3).422 (Thera, iii B.C.), 14.2406.108 (Tarentum), etc.; even with fem. deities, <b class="b3">Τύχη σωτήρ</b>, for [[σώτειρα]], A.''Ag.''664, S.''OT''81: generally, of [[guardian]] or [[tutelary]] [[god]]s, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.138, A.''Supp.''982, S.''Ph.''738; τοῖς ἀποτροπαίοις καὶ σωτῆρσι X.''HG''3.3.4.<br><span class="bld">3</span> applied to rulers, <b class="b3">διὰ σέ, βασιλεῦ</b> (viz. Ptolemy IV Philopator), <b class="b3">τὸν πάντων κοινὸν σ.</b> ''PEnteux.'' 11.6 (iii B.C.); <b class="b3">Πτολεμαῖος Σ.</b> ''OGI''19.1, al.; <b class="b3">Ἀντίοχος Σ.</b> ib.233.3, al.; of Roman Emperors or governors, ib.668.3 (Egypt, i A.D.), ''PLond.''1.177.24 (i A.D.), etc.<br><span class="bld">4</span> in [[LXX]] and [[NT]], applied to God, [[LXX]] ''De.''32.15, al., ''1 Ep.Ti.''1.1, al.; to Christ, ''Ev.Luc.''2.11, al.<br><span class="bld">II</span> in Poets, as adjective, σ. ναὸς [[πρότονος]] A.''Ag.''897, cf. Pi.''Fr.'' 159; with a fem. noun, <b class="b3">γονῆς σωτῆρος</b> (as Herm. for [[γυνή]]) A. ''Th.'' 225; <b class="b3">τιμαὶ σωτῆρες</b> the [[office]] or [[prerogative]] of [[saving]], of the [[Dioscuri]], E.''El.''993 (anap.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> name of a month created by Caligula, ''BGU''1078 (38 A.D.), ''PRyl.''2.149 (39/40 A.D.), etc.