χείρων: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, ἡ, neut. [[χεῖρον]], gen. -ονος, acc. -ονα: nom. and acc. pl. <b class="b3">χείρονες, -ας, χείρονα</b>, contr. in Att. Prose <b class="b3">χείρους, χείρω</b>; dat. [[χείροσι]], ''poet.''<br><span class="bld">A</span> χειρόνεσσι Pi.''N.''8.22:—(for Ep. form χερείων, ''poet.'' χειρότερος, χερειότερος, v. sub vocc.):—irreg. Comp. of [[κακός]]: ([[χείρων]] from *χερ-yων, cf. [[χερείων]]):<br><span class="bld">I</span> of persons, [[mcaner]], [[inferior]], either in bodily strength and bravery, or in rank, opp. [[ἀρείων]], Il.10.238, Od.20.133; σὺ μὲν ἐσθλὸς ἐγὼ δὲ σέθεν πολὺ χείρων Il.20.434; τοῦ γένετ' ἐκ πατρὸς πολὺ χείρονος υἱὸς ἀμείνων 15.641, cf. Od.20.82; ἦ πολὺ χείρονες ἄνδρες ἀμύμονος ἀνδρὸς ἄκοιτιν μνῶνται 21.325; opp. [[κρείσσων]], Pi.''I.''4(3).34(52); τὸν ὄλβιον τόν τε χ. E.''Ba.''422 (lyr.); τὰ χείρονα S.''Fr.''192, E.''Supp.''196.<br><span class="bld">2</span> later in moral sense, [[worse than others]], sometimes almost like a positive, [[knave]], opp. [[ἀγαθός]], S.''Ph.''456, cf. Th.3.9, Lys.16.3; οἱ πένητες καὶ οἱ δημόται καὶ οἱ χ. X.''Ath.''1.4, cf. 3.10; <b class="b3">οἱ χ.</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἱ ἀγαθοί</b>, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 460c, etc.<br><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">χ. βίος</b>, opp. [[ἀμείνων]], ib.618d; γνώμη [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.8.7.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[worse]] in quality, [[inferior]], of horses, Il.23.572: [[inferior]], [[less skilful]], ἰητροί Hp.''Acut.''6; [[ζωγράφοι]], [[δημιουργοί]], etc., [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''429a, ''R.''421e, etc.: <b class="b3">χ. εἰς σοφίαν, εἰς τὴν ἀρετήν</b>, Id.''Tht.''162c, ''R.''335b; πρὸς ἀλήθειαν Luc. ''JTr.''48; c. acc., χ. τὰ πολεμικά [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.8.20; <b class="b3">χ. τὴν ψυχήν, τὴν διάνοιαν</b>, Aeschin.3.46. Isoc.11.43; τὰ ἄλλα μηδὲν χ. Id.4.105; c. inf., χ. ἡμῶν ταῦτα ποιεῖν [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''2.1.16; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν χείρους ἔσεσθε.. ἀκηκοότες</b> you will be none [[the worse]] for having heard... D.24.139; [[less kind]], μὴ χ. περὶ ἡμᾶς αὐτοὺς εἶναι.. τῶν ὑπαρχόντων Id.2.2.<br><span class="bld">II</span> of things, [[inferior]] in quality, ἄεθλον Il.23.413; ὑποδήματα X.''Oec.'' 13.10; ὄνομα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Cratylus|Cra.]]''429b.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[worse]], [[harder]], [[more severe]], νόσος E.''Andr.''220; μοῖρα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedrus|Phdr.]]''248e; τιμωρία ''Ep.Hebr.''10.29.<br><span class="bld">III</span> neut.,<br><span class="bld">1</span> as a Subst., τὸ χ. [[inferiority]], Polem.''Call.''27; but mostly in phrases with Preps., <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὸ χ. τρέπεσθαι, κλῖναι</b>, fall off, get [[worse]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''8.8.2, ''Mem.''3.5.13; ἐπὶ τὸ χ. μεταβάλλει ἑαυτόν [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 381b; <b class="b3">ἀλλοιοῦσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ χ.</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τὸ βέλτιον</b>, [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[De Causis Plantarum|CP]]'' 6.3.3; also <b class="b3">πάντα ὑποπτεύοντες ἐπὶ τὸ χ.</b> putting the [[worst]] construction on.. D.H.6.85; λαμβάνειν τι ἐπὶ τὸ χ. J.''AJ''16.7.4; also πρὸς τὸ χ. μεταβάλλειν D.S.20.57; κατὰ τὸ χ. Pl.''Lg.''720e; in the [[lower]] sense, opp. <b class="b3">κατὰ τὸ κρεῖττον</b>, Dam.''Pr.''7: less freq. in plural, ἐπὶ τὰ χείρω ἰέναι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''3.9.9; τὰ χ. προαιρεῖσθαι Isoc.8.110.<br><span class="bld">2</span> as a predicate, <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ σοὶ αὐτῷ χ.</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[ἐστί]] or [[ἔσται]]) Od.15.515, cf. X.''An.''7.6.4; with a neg., <b class="b3">οὐ χ. [ἐστι]</b> c. inf., we may [[as well]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]'' 105a, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]''1127a14; simply <b class="b3">οὐ χεῖρον</b>, in an answer, it is [[as well]], [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]'' 37; λάβ', ὦγάθ'· οὐδὲν χ. Clearch.Com.4.<br><span class="bld">3</span> as adverb, [[worse]], χ. βουλεύσασθαι Th.3.46, cf. 6.89; χ. πρᾶξαι Id.7.67; [[βιῶναι]], [[ζῆν]], Pl. ''R.''344e, 519d.<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[in inferior degree]], [[less]], ἀγαπᾶν Id.''Lg.''928a; φυλακὰς χ. φυλαττομένας X.''HG''6.2.17, etc.<br><span class="bld">B</span> Sup. χείριστος, η, ον, [[worst]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Politicus|Plt.]]'' 303a, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ χ.</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὁ βέλτιστος</b>, Lys.1.2; esp. οἱ χ. [[men of lowest degrce]], [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.2.32. Adv. [[χείριστα]] [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[De Partibus Animalium|PA]]''687a24, ''Metaph.''1083b2 (dub. ''1''.); also -τως [[LXX]] ''2 Ma.''7.39.