οὐδείς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=fem. [[οὐδεμία]] (never nom. acc. οὐδεμίη, οὐδεμίην, since οὐδεμιῇ is prob. in Call.''Aet.Oxy.''2080.56, rarely<br><span class="bld">A</span> οὐδ' ἴα Sapph.69, Mosch.4.40), neut. [[οὐδέν]] (declined and accentuated like [[εἷς]], μία, ἕν), [[not one]], i.e. [[no one]], [[none]], used by Hom., Hes., and Pi. (who prefer [[οὔτις]]) only in neut. nom. and acc. [[οὐδέν]], exc. in the phrase τὸ ὃν μένος οὐδενὶ εἴκων Il.22.459, al.; [[οὐδείς]] is found in B.''Fr.''28; but all genders and cases are common in all other writers, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.32,33, etc.: rare in plural, [[no set]] of persons or things, And.1.23 (dub. cj.), X.''Lac.''3.1; πρὸς οὐδένας τῶν Ἑλλήνων D.18.23 ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]), cf. 19.31,66,312, 24.214, 27.7; <b class="b3">οὐδένων εἰσὶ βελτίους</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">οὔ τινων ἄλλων</b>, Id.2.17 (cf. [[οὐδενὸς]] βελτίους Pl.''Prt.''324d): dat. pl. οὐδέσιν Paus.3.24.3; for another sense of the pl., v. infr. 11.3.—In Ion. the pl. is usually [[οὐδαμοί]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">οὐ. ὅστις οὐ</b> [[every one]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.72, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ</b> [[every]], Id.5.97; this came to be regarded as one word, so that [[οὐδείς]] passed into the same case as ὅστις, οὐδένα ὅντινα οὐ κατέκλασε [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Phaedo|Phd.]]''117d; οὐδενὸς ὅτου οὐ πάντων ἂν… πατὴρ εἴην Id.''Prt.'' 317c, cf. 323b; οὐδενὶ ὅτῳ οὐκ ἀποκρινόμενος Id.''Men.''70c; so οὐ. ὃς οὐχὶ… ὀνειδιεῖ [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''373; οὐδὲν γὰρ… οὔτ' αἰσχρὸν οὔτ' ἄτιμόν ἐσθ', ὁποῖον οὐ… οὐκ ὄπωπ' ἐγώ Id.''Ant.''4.<br><span class="bld">3</span> later <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ὅ τι</b> without [[οὐ]], = [[nothing]], οὐδὲν ὅ τι παρήσω Agath.''Praef.''p.137 D., al.<br><span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὅστις οὐδείς</b> [[not one]], ἐτεθνήκεσαν δὲ αὐτῶν μὲν ἀμφὶ τοὺς τετρακοσίους, Ρωμαίων δὲ ὅστις οὐδείς Id.5.20.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[naught]], [[good for naught]], ὦ νῦν μὲν οὐ. αὔριον δ' ὑπέρμεγας [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Knights|Eq.]]''158, cf. E.''Fr.''187.5; <b class="b3">τὸ μὲν [γένος ἀνδρῶν] οὐδέν</b> Pi.''N.''6.3: freq. in neut., <b class="b3">οὐδὲν εἰδώς</b> knowing [[naught]], Thgn.141, E. ''Fr.''391; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἄρ' ᾔστην οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν δάκνειν</b> knew [[nothing]] save how to... [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''19; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν λέγειν</b> to say [[naught]], v. [[λέγω]] (B) III. 6; <b class="b3">τὸ οὐδ' οὐδέν</b> the absolute [[nothing]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''180a.<br><span class="bld">2</span> in neut., of persons, οὐδέν εἰμι S.''Ph.''951, etc.; οὐδὲν εἶ Ar.''Ec.''144; πρὸς τὸν οὐδέν E.''Ph.'' 598; τὸ μηδὲν εἰς οὐδὲν ῥέπει Id.''Fr.''532.2; ᾧ ἀνεμέσητον… οὐδενὶ εἶναι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Theaetetus|Tht.]]''175e.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in plural, <b class="b3">οὐδένες ἐόντες ἐν οὐδαμοῖσι ἐοῦσι Ἕλλησι</b> being [[nobodies]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.58; ὄντες οὐδένες [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Andromache|Andr.]]''700, cf. ''IA''371; <b class="b3">ὁ μηδὲν ὢν κἀξ οὐδένων κεκλήσομαι</b> dub. cj. in Id.''Ion''594; οὐ γὰρ ἠξίου τοὺς μηδένας [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''1114.<br><span class="bld">4</span> with Preps., παρ' οὐδὲν εἶναι Id.''OT''983, etc.; <b class="b3">παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν, θέσθαι</b>, Id.''Ant.''35, E.''IT''732; δι' οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσθαι S.''OC''584; ἐν οὐδενὸς εἶναι μέρει D.2.18.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">τὸ οὐδέν</b> [[naught]], [[zero]], in Arith., Nicom.''Ar.''2.6; used by Democritus as a name for Place, Arist.''Fr.''208.<br><span class="bld">III</span> neut. [[οὐδέν]] as adverb, [[not at all]], [[naught]], ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐ. ἔτισεν Il.1.412, cf. 24.370, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.34, Th.8.22, etc.; so οὐδέν τι [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.2.42, etc.; οὐ. τι πάντως [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.65: in answers, [[nothing]], [[never mind]], [[no matter]], E.''Med.''64, ''IT''781, Ar.''Nu.'' 694; <b class="b3">οὐδέν γε</b> [[not at all]], Id.''Av.''1360, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν μᾶλλον, οὐδὲν ἧσσον, οὐδὲν ὕστερος</b>, v. [[μάλα]] II.5, ἥσσων ''III'', ὕστερος A. I.<br><span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἤ</b>, v. [[ἄλλος]] III. 2.<br><span class="bld">B</span> REMARKS: the more emphatic and literal sense, [[not even one]], i.e. [[none whatever]], belongs to the full form, <b class="b3">οὐδὲ εἷς, οὐδὲ μία, οὐδὲ ἕν</b>, which is never elided, even in Com. (v. Ar. ''Ra.''927, ''Lys.''1045 (lyr.), ''Pl.''138, 1115), but freq. has a Particle inserted between, cf. [[οὐδέ]] B.—Zen. (in ''EM''639.17) and others wrongly assume [[οὐδείς]] as a compd. not of [[οὐδέ]] and [[εἷς]], but of [[οὐ]] and [[δείς]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]). (Later [[οὐθείς]], [[quod vide|q.v.]])