κόσμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ,<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[order]], [[κατὰ κόσμον]] = [[in order]], [[duly]], εὖ κατὰ κόσμον Il.10.472, al.; <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ κόσμον</b> [[shamefully]], Od.8.179; μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον Il. 2.214: freq. in dat., [[κόσμῳ καθίζειν]] = to [[sit in order]], Od.13.77, cf. [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.67; οὐ κ.… ἐλευσόμεθα Il.12.225; κόσμῳ [[θεῖναι]] τὰ πάντα [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.52, cf. 7.36, etc.; διάθες τάδε κ. [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''1331; <b class="b3">κόσμῳ φέρειν</b> [[bear]] [[becomingly]], Pi.''P.''3.82; δέξασθαί τινα κόσμον A.''Ag.''521; σὺν κόσμῳ [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.86, Arist.''Mu.'' 398b23; ἐν κόσμῳ Hp.''Mul.''1.3, [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 223b; <b class="b3">κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες</b> in no [[sort]] of [[order]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.59; <b class="b3">φεύγειν οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ</b>, Id.3.13, 8.60.γ, etc.; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ Th.3.108, cf. [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[The Persians|Pers.]]''400; <b class="b3">οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κόσμον</b> = no [[longer]] in the [[same]] [[order]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]9.66; <b class="b3">οὐδένα κόσμον</b> ib.65, 69; ἦν δ' οὐδεὶς κόσμος τῶν ποιουμένων Th.3.77: generally, of things, [[natural order]], γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. Hp. ''Prog.''20.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[good]] [[order]], [[good]] [[behaviour]], = [[κοσμιότης]] Phld.''Mus.'' p.43 K.; [[discipline]], D.18.216; οὐ κόσμος, ἀλλ' [[ἀκοσμία]] [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Fragments|Fr.]]''846.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[form]], [[fashion]], ιππου κόσμον ἄεισον δουρατέου Od.8.492; κ. ἐπέων ἀπατηλός Parm.8.52; <b class="b3">ἐξηγεομένων… τὸν κόσμον αὐτοῦ</b> the [[fashion]] of it, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.22; <b class="b3">κ. τόνδε… ὁ καταστησάμενος</b> who [[establish]]ed this [[order]] or [[from]], Id.1.99.<br><span class="bld">4</span> of states, [[order]], [[government]], μεταστῆσαι τὸν κόσμον Th. 4.76, cf. 8.48, 67; μένειν ἐν τῷ ὀλιγαρχικῷ κ. 8.72, etc.; especially of the Spartan [[constitution]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]1.65, Clearch.3: pl., πόλεων κόσμοι [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Protagoras|Prt.]]'' 322c.<br><span class="bld">II</span> [[ornament]], [[decoration]], especially of women, Il.14.187, Hes.''Op.'' 76, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]5.92.ή; [[γυναικεῖος]] κόσμος [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Republic|R.]]'' 373c, etc.; of a [[horse]], Il.4.145; of men, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]3.123, A.''Th.''397, etc.; <b class="b3">γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας</b>, of an [[olive]]-[[wreath]], Pi.''O.''3.13, cf. 8.83, ''P.''2.10, etc.; κόσμος κυνῶν X.''Cyn.''6.1; κόσμος καὶ [[ἔπιπλα]] Lys.12.19; <b class="b3">κόσμος ἀργυροῦς</b> a [[service]] of [[plate]], Ath.6.231b; ἱερὸς κόσμος ''OGI''90.40 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): pl., [[ornaments]], A.''Ag.''1271; οἱ περὶ τὸ σῶμα κόσμοι Isoc.2.32: metaph., of [[ornament]]s of [[speech]], such as [[epithet]]s, Id.9.9 (pl.), Arist.''Rh.''1408a14, ''Po.''1457b2, 1458a33; <b class="b3">ἁδυμελῆ κόσμον κελαδεῖν</b> to [[sing]] [[sweet]] [[song]]s of [[praise]], Pi.''O.''11 (10).13 ([[si vera lectio|s.v.l.]]).<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[honour]], [[credit]], Id.''N.''2.8, ''I.''6(5).69; <b class="b3">κόσμον φέρει τινί</b> it does one [[credit]], [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]8.60, 142; γύναι, γυναιξὶ κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Ajax|Aj.]]''293; κόσμος τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἐμοί Ar.''Nu.''914; οἷς κόσμος [ἐστὶ] καλῶς τοῦτο δρᾶν Th.1.5; ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ τιμῇ εἶναί τινι D.60.36; of persons, σὺ ἔμοιγε μέγιστος κόσμος ἔσει [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Cyropaedia|Cyr.]]''6.4.3; ἡ [[μεγαλοψυχία]] οἷον κόσμος τις τῶν ἀρετῶν [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Nicomachean Ethics|EN]]'' 1124a1.<br><span class="bld">III</span> [[ruler]], [[regulator]], title of chief magistrate in Crete, ''SIG''712.57, etc.; collectively, [[body]] of κόσμοι, ib.524.1; <b class="b3">τοῦ κόσμου τοῖς πλίασι</b> ib.527.74: also freq. in plural, ib.528.1, al., Arist.''Pol.''1272a6, Str.10.4.18, 22; cf. [[κόρμος]].<br><span class="bld">IV</span> Philos., [[world-order]], [[universe]], first in Pythag., acc.to ''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''2.1.1, D.L.8.48 (cf. [Philol.]21), or Parm., acc. to [[Theophrastus]] ap. D.L.l.c.; κόσμον τόνδε οὔτε τις θεῶν οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ' ἦν ἀεὶ καὶ ἔστιν καὶ ἔσται πῦρ Heraclit.30; ὁ καλούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν σοφιστῶν κόσμος [[Xenophon|X.]]''[[Memorabilia|Mem.]]''1.1.11: freq. in Pl., ''Grg.''508a, ''Ti.''27a, al.; ἡ τοῦ ὅλου σύστασίς ἐστι κόσμος καὶ οὐρανός Arist.''Cael.''280a21, cf. Epicur.''Ep.'' 2p.37U., Chrysipp.Stoic.2.168, etc.; ὁ κόσμος ζῷον ἔμψυχον καὶ λογικόν Posidon. ap. D.L.7.139, cf. Pl.''Ti.''30b: sometimes of the [[firmament]], γῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης Isoc.4.179; ὁ περὶ τὴν γῆν ὅλος κόσμος [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Meteorologica|Mete.]]''339a20; [[μετελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κόσμον]] = [[join]] the [[eternal]] [[world]], of [[death]], ''OGI''56.48 (Canopus, iii B. C.); but also, of [[earth]], as opp. [[heaven]], ὁ [[ἐπιχθόνιος]] κόσμος Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; or as opp. [[the underworld]], ὁ ἄνω κόσμος Iamb.''VP''27.123; of any [[region]] of the [[universe]], ὁ [[μετάρσιος]] κόσμος Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; of the [[sphere]] whose [[centre]] is the [[earth]]'s centre and [[radius]] the [[straight]] [[line]] [[join]]ing [[earth]] and [[sun]], Archim.''Aren.''4; of the sphere containing the fixed stars, Pl.''Epin.''987b: in plural, [[world]]s, [[coexistent]] or [[successive]], Anaximand. et alii ap.''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''2.1.3, cf. Epicur.l.c.; also, of [[star]]s, Νὺξ μεγάλων κ. [[κτεάτειρα]] A.''Ag.''356 (anap.), cf. Heraclid. et Pythagorei ap.''[[Placita Philosophorum|Placit.]]''2.13.15 (= Orph.''Fr.''22); <b class="b3">οἱ ἑπτὰ κόσμοι</b> the Seven [[planet]]s, Corp.Herm.11.7.<br><span class="bld">2</span> metaph., [[microcosm]], [[ἄνθρωπος]] μικρὸς κόσμος Democr. 34; [[ἄνθρωπος]] βραχὺς κόσμος Ph.2.155; of living beings in general, τὸ ζῷον οἷον μικρόν τινα κόσμον εἶναί φασιν ἄνδρες παλαιοί Gal.''UP''3.10.<br><span class="bld">3</span> in later Gr., = [[οἰκουμένη]], the [[known]] or [[inhabited]] [[world]], ''OGI''458.40 (9 B.C.), ''Ep.Rom.''1.8, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου κύριος</b> = the [[lord]] of the [[whole]] [[world]], of [[Nero]], ''SIG''814.31, cf. ''IGRom.''4.982 (Samos); ἐὰν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον κερδήσῃ ''Ev.Matt.''16.26.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[men]] in general, φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κόσμῳ ''Ev.Jo.''7.4, cf. 12.19; especially of the [[world]] as [[estranged]] from [[God]] by [[sin]], ib.16.20, 17.9, al., ''1 Ep.Cor.'' 1.21, etc.<br><span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὗτος ὁ κόσμος</b> this [[present]] [[world]], i.e. [[earth]], opp. [[heaven]], ''Ev.Jo.''13.1; regarded as the [[kingdom]] of [[evil]], <b class="b3">ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου</b> = the [[leader]] of this [[world]] ib.12.31.<br><span class="bld">V</span> Pythagorean name for [[six]], Theol.Ar.37; for [[ten]], ib.59.