φύσις

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καὶ ὑποθέμενος κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς φέρειν τὰς πληγάς, ὡς ἐν ἐκείνῃ τοῦ τε κακοῦ τοῦ πρὸς ἀνθρώπους → and having instructed them to bring their blows against the head, seeing that the harm to humans ... (Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 1.50)

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Full diacritics: φύσις Medium diacritics: φύσις Low diacritics: φύσις Capitals: ΦΥΣΙΣ
Transliteration A: phýsis Transliteration B: physis Transliteration C: fysis Beta Code: fu/sis

English (LSJ)

[ῠ], ἡ, gen. φύσεως, poet. φύσεος prob. (metri gr.) in E.Tr. 886, cf. Ar.V.1282 (lyr.), 1458 (lyr.), Ion. φύσιος: dual φύσει (

   A v.l. φύση) Pl.R.410e, (φύω):    I origin, φ. οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων θνητῶν οὐδὲ . . τελευτή Emp.8.1 (cf. Plu.2.1112a); φ. βούλονται λέγειν γένεσιν τὴν περὶ τὰ πρῶτα Pl.Lg.892c; ἡ φ. ἡ λεγομένη ὡς γένεσις ὁδός ἐστιν εἰς φύσιν Arist.Ph.193b12; φ. λέγεται ἡ τῶν φυομένων γένεσις Id.Metaph.1014b16; freq. of persons, birth, φύσει νεώτερος S.OC1295, cf. Aj.1301, etc.; φύσι γεγονότες εὖ Hdt.7.134; φύσει, opp. θέσει (by adoption), D.L.9.25; φύσει Ἀμβρακιώτης, δημοποίητος δὲ Σικυώνιος Ath.4.183d; so ὁ κατὰ φύσιν πατήρ, υἱός, ἀδελφός, Plb. 3.9.6, 3.12.3, 11.2.2; also in acc., ἐκ πατρὸς ταὐτοῦ φύσιν S.El.325; ἢ φίλων τις ἢ πρὸς αἵματος φύσιν ib.1125, cf. Isoc.3.42.    2 growth, τριχῶν, παιδίου, Hp.Nat.Puer.20,29, cf. 27: pl., γενειάσεις καὶ φύσεις κεράτων Plot.4.3.13.    II the natural form or constitution of a person or thing as the result of growth (οἷον ἕκαστόν ἐστι τῆς γενέσεως τελεσθείσης, ταύτην φαμὲν τὴν φ. εἶναι ἑκάστου Arist.Pol.1252b33): hence,    1 nature, constitution, once in Hom., καί μοι φύσιν αὐτοῦ (sc. τοῦ φαρμάκου) ἔδειξε Od.10.303; φ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.2.5; τῆς Ἀττικῆς X.Vect.1.2, cf. Oec.16.2, D.18.146, etc.; τῆς τριχός X.Eq.5.5; αἵματος, ἀέρος, etc., Arist.PA648a21, Mete.340a36, etc.: pl., φύσεις ἐγγιγνομένας καρπῶν καὶ δένδρων Isoc.7.74; αἱ φ. καὶ δυνάμεις τῶν πολιτειῶν Id.12.134; ἡ τῶν ἀριθμῶν φ. Pl.R.525c; ἡ τῶν πάντων φ. X.Mem.1.1.11, etc.; ἡ ἰδία τοῦ πράγματος φ. IG22.1099.28 (Epist.Plotinae).    2 outward form, appearance, μέζονας ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38; ἢ νόον ἤτοι φύσιν either in mind or outward form, Pi.N.6.5; οὐ γὰρ φ. Ὠαριωνείαν ἔλαχεν Id.I.4(3).49 (67); μορφῆς δ' οὐχ ὁμόστολος φ. A.Supp.496; τὸν δὲ Λάϊον φύσιν τίν' εἶχε φράζε S.OT740 (read εἷρπε, taking φ. with ἔχων), cf. Tr.379; δρακαίνης φ. ἔχουσαν ἀγρίαν prob. in E.Ba.1358; τὴν ἐμὴν ἰδὼν φ. Ar.V.1071 (troch.), cf. Nu.503; τὴν τοῦ σώματος φ. Isoc.9.75.    3 Medic., constitution, temperament, Hp.Aph.3.2 (pl.), al.; ἡ φ. καὶ ἡ ἕξις Id.Acut.43; φ. φύσιος καὶ ἡλικία ἡλικίης διαφέρει Id.Fract.7; φύσιες νούσων ἰητροί Id.Epid.6.5.1.    b natural place or position of a bone or joint, ἀποπηδᾶν ἀπὸ τῆς φ., ἐς τὴν φ. ἄγεσθαι, Id.Art.61, 62, al.; ὀστέον μένον ἐν τῇ ἑωυτοῦ φ. Id.VC5, al.; φύσιες τῶν ἄρθρων Id.Nat.Puer.17.    4 of the mind, one's nature, character, ἦθος ἕκαστον, ὅπῃ φ. ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ Emp.110.5; εὐγενὴς γὰρ ἡ φ. κἀξ εὐγενῶν . . ἡ σή S.Ph.874; τὴν αὑτοῦ φ. λιπεῖν, δεῖξαι, ib.902,1310; φ. φρενός E.Med.103 (anap.); ἡ ἀνθρωπεία φ. Th.1.76; φ. τῆς μορφῆς καὶ τῆς ψυχῆς X.Cyr.1.2.2; ὀνόματι μεμπτὸν τὸ νόθον, ἡ φ. δ' ἴση E.Fr.168; φ. φιλόσοφος, τυραννική, etc., Pl.R.410e, 576a, etc.; δεξιοὶ φύσιν A.Pr.489; ἀκμαῖοι φύσιν Id.Pers.441; τὸ γὰρ ἀποστῆναι χαλεπὸν φύσεος, ἣν ἔχοι τις Ar.V.1458 (lyr.), cf. 1282 (lyr.); Σόλων . . ἦν φιλόδημος τὴν φ. Id.Nu.1187; ἔνιοι ὄντες ὡς ἀληθῶς τοῦ δήμου τὴν φ. οὐ δημοτικοί εἰσι X.Ath.2.19; φύσεως ἰσχύς force of natural powers, Th.1.138; φύσεως κακία badness of natural disposition, D.20.140; ἀγαθοὶ . . γίγνονται διὰ τριῶν, τὰ τρία δὲ ταῦτά ἐστι φ. ἔθος λόγος Arist. Pol.1332a40; χρῶ τῇ φύσει, i.e. give rein to your natural propensities, Ar.Nu.1078, cf. Isoc.7.38; τῇ φ. χρώμενος Plu.Cor.18; θείας κοινωνοὶ φ. 2 Ep.Pet.1.4: pl., Isoc.4.113, v.l. in E.Andr.956; οἱ ἄριστοι τὰς φ. Pl.R.526c, cf. 375b, al.: prov., ἔθος, φασί, δευτέρη φ. Jul.Mis.353a.    b instinct in animals, etc., Democr.278; οὐκ ἐπιστήμῃ οὐδὲ τέχνῃ ἀλλὰ φύσει Herm. ap. Stob.1.41.6; ἐν τοῖς ἄλλοις ζῴοις ἡ αἴσθησις τῇ φ. ἥνωται, ἐν δὲ ἀνθρώποις τῇ νοήσει Corp.Herm. 9.1, cf. 12.1.    5 freq. in periphrases, καὶ γὰρ ἂν πέτρου φύσιν σύ γ' ὀργάνειας, i.e. would'st provoke a stone, S.OT335; χθονὸς φ. A.Ag.633; esp. in Pl., ἡ τοῦ πτεροῦ φ. Phdr.251b; ἡ φ. τῶν σωμάτων Smp.186b; ἡ φ. τῆς ἀσθενείας its natural weakness, Phd.87e; ἡ τοῦ μυελοῦ φ. Ti.84c; ἡ τοῦ δικαίου φ. Lg.862d, al.; ἡ φ., with gen. understood, Smp.191a, Phd.109e.    III the regular order of nature, τύχη . . ἀβέβαιος, φ. δὲ αὐτάρκης Democr.176; κατὰ φύσιν Pl.R.444d, etc.; τρίχες κατὰ φύσιν πεφυκυῖαι growing naturally, Hdt.2.38, cf. Alex.156.7 (troch.); κατὰ φύσιν νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς Pi.Fr. 169 (cf. Pl.Grg.488b); κατὰ φ. ποιεῖν Heraclit.112; opp. παρὰ φύσιν, E.Ph.395, Th.6.17, etc.; παρὰ τὴν φ. Anaxipp.1.18; προδότης ἐκ φύσεως a traitor by nature, Aeschin.2.165; πρὸ τῆς φ. ἥκειν εἰς θάνατον before the natural term, Plu.Comp.Dem.Cic.5: freq. in dat. φύσει (ἐν φ. Hp.Aër.14) by nature, naturally, opp. τύχῃ, τέχνῃ, Pl.Lg.889b, cf. R.381b; φύσει τοιοῦτος Ar.Pl.275, cf. 279, al.; ὁ ἄνθρωπος φ. πολιτικὸν ζῷόν ἐστι Arist.Pol.1253a3; ὁ μὴ αὑτοῦ φ. ἀλλ' ἄλλου ἄνθρωπος ὤν, οὗτος φ. δοῦλός ἐστιν ib.1254a15; φ. γὰρ οὐδεὶς δοῦλος ἐγενήθη ποτέ Philem.95.2; opp. νόμῳ (by convention), Philol.9, Archelaus ap.D.L.2.16, Pl.Grg.482e, cf. Prt.337d, etc.; τὰ μὲν τῶν νόμων ὁμολογηθέντα, οὐ φύντ' ἐστίν, τὰ δὲ τῆς φύσεως φύντα, οὐχ ὁμολογηθέντα Antipho Soph.44Ai32 (Vorsokr.5); ἅπας ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος φύσει καὶ νόμοις διοικεῖται D.25.15; τοὺς τῆς φ. οὐκ ἔστι λανθάνειν νόμους Men.Mon.492; οὐ σοφίᾳ, ἀλλὰ φύσει τινί Pl. Ap.22c; φ. μὴ πεφυκότα τοιαῦτα φωνεῖν S.Ph.79, cf. Pl.Phlb.14c, etc.; φύσει πάντα πάντες ὁμοίως πεφύκαμεν καὶ βάρβαροι καὶ Ἕλληνες εἶναι Antipho Soph.44Bii10 (Vorsokr.5); φύσιν ἔχει c. inf., it is natural, κῶς φύσιν ἔχει πολλὰς μυριάδας φονεῦσαι (sc. τὸν Ἡρακλέα); Hdt.2.45, cf. Pl.R.473a; οὐκ ἔχει φύσιν it is contrary to nature, ib.489b; οὔτ' εὔλογον οὔτ' ἔχον ἐστὶ φύσιν D.2.26; τὸ τόλμημα φύσιν οὐκ ἔχει Polem.Call.36.    IV in Philosophy:    1 nature as an originating power, φ. λέγεται . . ὅθεν ἡ κίνησις ἡ πρώτη ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν φύσει ὄντων Arist.Metaph.1014b16; ὁ δὲ θεὸς καὶ ἡ φ. οὐδὲν μάτην ποιοῦσιν Id.Cael.271a33; ἡ δὲ φ. οὐδὲν ἀλόγως οὐδὲ μάτην ποιεῖ ib.291b13; ἡ μὲν τέχνη ἀρχὴ ἐν ἄλλῳ, ἡ δὲ φ. ἀρχὴ ἐν αὐτῷ Id.Metaph.1070a8, cf. Mete.381b5, etc.; φ. κρύπτεσθαι φιλεῖ Heraclit.123; ἡ γοητεία τῆς φ. Plot.4.4.44; φ. κοινή, the principle of growth in the universe, Cleanth.Stoic.1.126; as Stoic t.t., the inner fire which causes preservation and growth in plants and animals, defined as πῦρ τεχνικὸν ὁδῷ βαδίζον εἰς γένεσιν, Stoic.1.44, cf. 35, al., S.E.M.9.81; Nature, personified, χάρις τῇ μακαρίᾳ Φ. Epicur.Fr.469; Φ. καὶ Εἱμαρμένη καὶ Ἀνάγκη Phld. Piet.12; ἡ κατωφερὴς Φ. Corp.Herm.1.14.    2 elementary substance, κινδυνεύει ὁ λέγων ταῦτα πῦρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ γῆν καὶ ἀέρα πρῶτα ἡγεῖσθαι τῶν πάντων εἶναι καὶ τὴν φ. ὀνομάζειν αὐτὰ ταῦτα Pl.Lg. 891c, cf. Arist.Fr.52 (defined as τὴν πρώτην οὐσίαν . . ὑποβεβλημένην ἅπασι τοῖς γεννητοῖς καὶ φθαρτοῖς σώμασι Gal.15.3); τῶν φύσει ὄντων τὰ στοιχεῖά φασιν εἶναι φύσιν Arist.Metaph.1014b33: pl., Epicur.Ep. 1p.6U., al.; ἄτομοι φ. atoms, Democr. ap. Diog.Oen.5, Epicur.Ep. 1p.7U.; ἄφθαρτοι φ. Phld.Piet.83.    3 concrete, the creation, 'Nature', ἀθανάτου . . φύσεως κόσμον ἀγήρων E.Fr.910 (anap.); περὶ φύσεώς τε καὶ τῶν μετεώρων ἀστρονομικὰ ἄττα διερωτᾶν Pl.Prt.315c; περὶ φύσεως, title of works by Xenophanes, Heraclitus, Gorgias, Epicurus, etc.; [σοφία] ἣν δὴ καλοῦσι περὶ φύσεως ἱστορίαν Pl.Phd.96a; περὶ φ. ἀφοριζόμενοι διεχώριζον ζῴων τε βίον δένδρων τε φύσιν λαχάνων τε γένη Epicr.11.13 (anap.); so later, ἡ φ. τὸ ὑπὸ ψυχῆς τῆς πάσης ταχθέν Plot.2.2.1; τὰ στοιχεῖα τῆς φ. Corp.Herm.1.8; αἱ δύο φ., i.e. heaven and earth, light and darkness, etc., PMag.Leid.W.6.42.    4 Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.12.    V as a concrete term, creature, freq. in collect. sense, θνητὴ φ. mankind, S.Fr.590 (anap.), cf. OT869 (lyr.); πόντου εἰναλία φ. the creatures of the sea, Id.Ant.345 (lyr.); ὃ πᾶσα φ. διώκειν πέφυκε Pl.R.359c, cf. Plt.272c; ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φ. woman-kind (opp. τὸ ἄρρεν φῦλον) X.Lac.3.4: also in pl., S.OT674, Pl.R.588c, Plt.306e, X.Oec.13.9; in contemptuous sense, αἱ τοιαῦται φ. such creatures as these, Isoc.4.113, cf. 20.11, Aeschin.1.191.    b of plants or material substances, φ. εὐώδεις καρποφοροῦσαι D.S.2.49; ὑγράν τινα φ. καπνὸν ἀποδιδοῦσαν Corp.Herm. 1.4.    VI kind, sort, species, ταύτην . . ἔχειν βιοτῆς . . φύσιν S.Ph.165 (anap.); ἐκλέγονται ἐκ τούτων χρημάτων μίαν φ. τὴν τῶν λευκῶν Pl.R. 429d; φ. [ἀλωπεκίδων] species, X.Cyn.3.1; natural group or class of plants, Thphr.HP6.1.1 (pl.).    VII sex, θῆλυς φῦσα (prob. for οὖσα) κοὐκ ἀνδρὸς φύσιν S.Tr.1062, cf. OC445, Th.2.45, Pl.Lg.770d, 944d: hence,    2 the characteristic of sex, = αἰδοῖον, Tab.Defix.89a6 (iv B.C.), Nic.Fr.107, D.S.32.10, S.E.M.1.150, etc.: esp. of the female organ, Hp.Mul.2.143, Ant.Lib.41, Artem.5.63, PMag.Osl.1.83,324, Horap. 1.11: pl., τῶν δύοφ., of the testes, Sch.Ar.Lys.92, cf. PMag.Par.1.318.