ἀπειλή
Ὡς πάντα τιμῆς ἐστι πλὴν τρόπου κακοῦ → Ut cuncta nunc sunt cara, nisi mores mali → Charakterlosigkeit allein bleibt ohne Ehr
English (LSJ)
ἡ, mostly in plural,
A boastful promises, boasts, ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ ἃς . . ὑπίσχεο οἰνοποτάζων; Il.20.83; μέχρι τῶν ἀπειλῶν γενναῖος Lib. Or.59.118, cf. Eust.704.28.
II commonly in plural, threats, ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ οἴχονται τὰς Τρωσὶν ἀπείλεον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν; Il.13.219; οὐδὲ . . λήθετ' ἀπειλάων τὰς ἀντιθέῳ Ὀδυσῆι πρῶτον ἐπηπείλησεν Od.13.126, cf. Il.16.200, Hdt.6.32; εὐθύνειν ἀπειλαῖς καὶ πληγαῖς Pl.Prt.325d, cf. A.Pr.175 (lyr.): in sg., S.Ant.753, Th.4.126; ἀπειλῆς ἕνεκα τοῖς ἐν τῷ Ταρτάρῳ Arist.APo.94b33.
2 of threatening conditions, ἀπειλὴ πνιγμοῦ Alex.Aphr.Pr.2.60; τὰ ἐν ἀπειλῇ ἀποστήματα Heras ap.Gal.13.815; of storms, J.BJ1.21.5, Ael.NA7.7.
Spanish (DGE)
-ῆς, ἡ
I ref. a pers. en plu.
1 promesa jactanciosa, jactancia, bravata ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ ... ἃς ... ὑπίσχεο οἰνοποτάζων; Il.20.83, μέχρι τῶν ἀπειλῶν γενναῖος noble hasta (que llega a) las promesas Lib.Or.59.118, cf. en sg., Eust.704.28.
2 amenaza ποῦ τοι ἀπειλαὶ οἴχονται, τὰς Τρωσὶν ἀπείλεον υἷες Ἀχαιῶν; Il.13.219, cf. 16.200, Od.13.126, ἀνεμίσγοντο ... λιταῖς ἀπειλαί Gorg.B 27, στερεάς τ' οὔποτ' ἀπειλὰς πτήξας A.Pr.174, cf. E.IA 53, Ba.856, Hdt.6.32, Th.4.126, D.21.96, ἥσθην ἀπειλαῖς me río de tus amenazas Ar.Eq.696, εὐθύνουσιν ἀπειλαῖς καὶ πληγαῖς Pl.Prt.325d, μετὰ ἀπειλῶν LXX 4Ma.4.8
•tb. en sg., Hdt.1.189, 4.125, S.Ant.753, Th.8.40, D.24.141, Arist.APo.94b33, Mete.369a32, Ep.Eph.6.9, ἐγκλήματα ... ἀπειλῆς γέμοντα D.C.72.16.2, ἀ. τοῦ πνιγμοῦ Alex.Aphr.Pr.2.60, θῆρας ἑοὺς ἀνέκοψεν ἀπειλῇ Nonn.D.32.115.
II ref. a cosas, en sg. peligro, riesgo τὰ ἐν ἀπειλῇ ... ἀποστήματα abscesos que se están formando Heras en Gal.13.815, de tormentas, I.BI 1.214, Ael.NA 7.7.
• Etimología: Forma regresiva sobre ἀπειλέω.
German (Pape)
[Seite 283] ἡ, die Drohung, Hom. nur im plur., Iliad. 9, 244. 13, 219. 14, 479. 16, 200. 20, 83 Od. 13, 126; ἀπειλὰς ἀπειλεῖν, s. ἀπειλέω; ἀπειλάων ἀκόρητοι Iliad. 14, 479; = prahlerische Versprechungen, Il. 20, 83; auch bei den Folgenden ist der plur. vorherrschend, ἀπειλὰς ἐρέσσειν Soph. Ai. 746.
French (Bailly abrégé)
ῆς (ἡ) :
1 menace;
2 jactance, vanterie.
Étymologie: ἀπειλέω.
English (Autenrieth)
ῆς, only pl.: threats, boasting. Cf. ἀπειλέω.
English (Strong)
from ἀπειλέω; a menace: X straitly, threatening.
English (Thayer)
ἀπειλῆς, ἡ, a threatening, threat: R G (cf. ἀπειλέω), Homer down.)
Greek Monolingual
η (ΑΜ ἀπειλή)
εκφοβισμός, φοβέρα
μσν.- νεοελλ.
επικείμενος κίνδυνος
νεοελλ.
αδίκημα που στρέφεται κατά της προσωπικής ελευθερίας, όταν κάποιος απειλεί άλλον με βία ή άλλη παράνομη πράξη ή παράλειψη
αρχ.
στον πληθ. αἱ ἀπειλαί
α) πομπώδεις υποσχέσεις
β) κομπασμοί.
Greek Monotonic
ἀπειλή: ἡ, κατά κανόνα στον πληθ.,
I. πομπώδεις υποσχέσεις, μεγαλαυχίες, σε Ομήρ. Ιλ.
II. με αρνητική σημασία, εκφοβισμοί, φοβέρες, απειλές· στον ενικ., το να επαπειλείται κάποιος με την επιβολή ποινής, σε Σοφ., Θουκ. (αμφίβ. προέλ.).
Russian (Dvoretsky)
ἀπειλή: ἡ преимущ. pl.
1 угроза Hom. etc.;
2 хвастливое обещание, похвальба Hom.
Frisk Etymological English
Grammatical information: f.
Meaning: threat, also promise (Il.).
Derivatives: ἀπειλέω threaten (Il.).
Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [985 ] *h₂pelH-? speak publicly
Etymology: Unknown. - If to Latv. pel̂t revile it would be *h₂pel-. Further have been compared (with s- mobile) Goth. spill n. fable etc., also Arm. ara-spel legend, proverb (Lidén GHÅ 39: 2, 46ff.), in which case the s- would be difficult (Armenian also vocalizes the initial laryngeal). LIV 525 assumes *(s)pelnH-, as nasal present (with secondary full grade) and compares Toch. A pällantär, B pällatär praise.
Middle Liddell
[deriv. uncertain]
I. mostly in plural, boastful promises, boasts, Il.
II. in bad sense, threats, Hom., etc.:—in sg. a threat of punishment, Soph., Thuc.
Frisk Etymology German
ἀπειλή: gewöhnl. im Plur.,
{apeilḗ}
Grammar: f.,
Meaning: ruhmredige Verheißung, gew. Drohung (ion. att. seit Il.).
Derivative: Daneben, wahrscheinlich als denominative Ableitung (vgl. unten), ἀπειλέω prahlend verheißen, gew. drohen (ion. att. seit Il.). — Davon sind abgeleitet: ἀπειλητήρ m. Großsprecher, Droher (poet. seit Il.) mit dem Fem. ἀπειλήτειρα (Nonn.); später ἀπειλητής ib. (D. S., J.). Adjektiva: ἀπειλητήριος drohend (Hdt.) und ἀπειλητικός ib. (Pl., X.). Nomina agentis: ἀπειλήματα Drohungen (S.), ἀπείλησις ib. (Phld.).
Etymology: Wegen der mehrdeutigen Form etymologisch unklar. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 353 erwägt Identität mit ἀπειλέω zurückdrängen, wobei ἀπειλή postverbal wäre. Die Bedeutung prahlend verheißen ist dieser sonst ansprechenden Annahme nicht ganz günstig. — Im Anschluß an die Ausführungen Froehdes BB 19, 240ff., laut denen eine Grundform *ἀπελνι̯- anzusetzen wäre, wobei ferner ἀ- einer Präposition *n̥- (vgl. α copulativum) entsprechen würde, vergleicht Bezzenberger BB 27, 149 lett. pel̃t schmähen, verleumden; weiterhin kommen in Betracht (mit "beweglichem" s-) got. spill n. Sage, Fabel und die entsprechenden germanischen Wörter ebenso wie arm. aṙa-spel Sage, Sprichwort (Lidén GHÅ 39: 2, 46ff.). S. noch WP. 2, 676f, W.-Hofmann s. 2. appellō.
Page 1,119-120
Chinese
原文音譯:¢peil» 阿胚累
詞類次數:名詞(4)
原文字根:從 旋轉 相當於: (גְּעָרָה) (רִיב)
字義溯源:脅迫,恐嚇,威嚇;源自(ἀπειλέω)*=威脅)
出現次數:總共(3);徒(2);弗(1)
譯字彙編:
1) 威嚇(2) 徒9:1; 弗6:9;
2) 恐嚇(1) 徒4:29
Mantoulidis Etymological
(=φοβέρα). Ἀβέβαιη ἡ ἐτυμολογία του. Πιθανόν Ἀπό ρίζα ελ- τοῦ εἴλω (=ἀποκλείω). Ἴσως νά σχετίζεται μέ τό δωρ. ἀπέλλα (=ἐκκλησία τοῦ δήμου στή Σπάρτη) καί ἔτσι τό ἀπειλῶ σημαίνει φωνάζω δυνατά. Παράγωγα ἀπό ἴδια ρίζα: ἀπειλῶ, ἀπείλημα, ἀπειλητήρ, ἀπειλητήριος, ἀπειλητικός, ἀπειλητής.
Lexicon Thucydideum
minae, threats, 4.126.5, 4.126.6, 8.40.2.
Translations
threat
Arabic: تَهْدِيد; Armenian: սպառնալիք; Azerbaijani: təhdid, hədə, hədə-qorxu; Belarusian: пагроза; Bulgarian: заплаха; Catalan: amenaça; Chinese Cantonese: 威脅, 威胁; Mandarin: 威脅, 威胁; Czech: hrozba, výhrůžka; Danish: trussel; Dutch: bedreiging; Esperanto: minaco; Finnish: uhkaus; French: menace; Galician: ameaza; German: Drohung; Greek: απειλή; Ancient Greek: ἀπειλή; Hebrew: איום; Hungarian: fenyegetés; Indonesian: ancaman; Italian: minaccia; Japanese: 脅迫, 脅かし; Javanese: inciman; Kabuverdianu: amiasa, amiasá; Kazakh: байбалам; Khmer: ការគំរាមកំហែង, សំដីឈ្លានពាន; Korean: 위협(威脅), 협박(脅迫); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: tehdît, gef; Latin: minatio; Macedonian: закана; Malay: ugutan; Maori: kapatau; Mongolian: занал; Norwegian Bokmål: trussel; Nynorsk: trussel; Occitan: menaça; Old English: þrēa; Oromo: doorsisa; Persian: تهدید; Plautdietsch: Jedreiw; Polish: groźba, pogróżka; Portuguese: ameaça; Romanian: amenințare; Russian: угроза; Scottish Gaelic: bagairt, bagradh; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: пријетња, претња; Roman: prijetnja, pretnja; Slovak: hrozba; Slovene: grožnja; Spanish: amenaza; Swahili: tisho; Swedish: hot; Tagalog: bala, banta; Tajik: таҳдид; Thai: ภัย, คำขู่, ภยันตราย; Turkish: tehdit; Ukrainian: погроза, загроза; Uzbek: doʻq, tahdid; Zazaki: gef
boasting
Azerbaijani: lovğalıq; Dutch: opschepperij; Finnish: rehenteleväisyys, öykkärimäisyys, pöyhkeys; German: Angeben, Angabe, Großprahlerei, Prahlen, Prahlerei; Greek: αμετροέπεια, καυχησιά, καυχησιολογία, καύχος, κομπασμός, λεονταρισμοί, μεγάλα λόγια, μεγαλαυχία, μεγαληγορία, μεγαλορρημοσύνη, μεγαλοστομία, μεγαλοστομίες, ξιπασιά, στόμφος, υπερβολές, φανφαρονισμός; Ancient Greek: ἀλαζονεία, ἀλαζονία, αὔχη, αὔχημα, αὔχησις, εὖγμα, εὐχωλή, καύχησις, καῦχος, κομπαγωγία, κομπασμός, κόμπασμα, κομπεία, κομπία, ψολοκομπία, κουφολογία, λάπισμα, μεγαλαυχία, μεγαλορρημονία, ὄγκος, περιαυτολογία, περπερεία, πλατυσμός, σεμνολογία, τὸ ἀλαζονικόν, τὸ γαῦρον, τὸ κομπῶδες, τὸ μεγάλαυχον, ὑπερηφανία, ὑψηλολογία; Irish: mórtas; Latin: iactantia; Malayalam: ദുരഭിമാനം; Spanish: jactancia, fanfarronería; Swedish: skrytsamhet, skryt, skrävel
risk
Albanian: rrezik; Arabic: مُخَاطَرة, مُجَازَفَة, خَطَر; Armenian: ռիսկ; Azerbaijani: risk; Belarusian: рызыка; Bengali: ঝুঁকি; Bulgarian: риск; Burmese: အန္တရာယ်, စွန့်စားခြင်း; Catalan: risc; Chinese Mandarin: 風險, 风险; Czech: riziko; Danish: risiko; Dutch: risico; Esperanto: risko; Estonian: riisiko; Finnish: riski; French: risque; Friulian: riscjo; Galician: risco; Georgian: რისკი; German: Risiko; Greek: κίνδυνος, ρίσκο; Hebrew: סַכָּנָה, סיכון \ סִכּוּן; Hindi: जोखिम; Hungarian: kockázat; Ido: risko; Indonesian: risiko; Italian: rischio; Japanese: リスク, 危険; Kazakh: тәуекел; Khmer: ចៃដន់; Korean: 위험(危險), 리스크; Kurdish Northern Kurdish: rîsk, xeter, talûke; Kyrgyz: тобокел, тобокелдик, риск; Lao: ຄວາມສ່ຽງ; Latin: periculum; Latvian: risks; Lithuanian: rizika; Macedonian: ризик; Malay: risiko; Maori: tūraru; Mongolian Cyrillic: эрсдэл; Mongolian: ᠡᠷᠦᠰᠳᠡᠯ; Norwegian Bokmål: risiko, risk; Nynorsk: risiko, risk; Occitan: risc; Old English: pleoh; Pashto: خطر; Persian: ریسک, خطر, مخاطره; Plautdietsch: Jefoa; Polish: ryzyko, zagrożenie; Portuguese: risco; Romanian: risc; Russian: риск, опасность; Scottish Gaelic: cunnart; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: рѝзик; Roman: rìzik; Slovak: riziko; Slovene: tveganje; Spanish: riesgo; Swedish: risk; Tajik: хатар, хавф; Thai: ความเสี่ยง, การเสี่ยง, ภัย; Turkish: risk; Turkmen: töwekgelçilik, risk; Ukrainian: ризик; Urdu: جوکھم; Uyghur: خەۋپ, خەتەر; Uzbek: risk, xavf, tavakkal, xatar; Venetian: ris-cio, rixego; Vietnamese: sự nguy hiểm, rủi ro; Volapük: riskod; Walloon: risse
danger
Afrikaans: gevaar; Albanian: rrezik; Arabic: خَطَر; Egyptian Arabic: خطر; Armenian: վտանգ; Assamese: বিপদ; Asturian: peligru; Azerbaijani: təhlükə; Belarusian: небяспека; Bengali: বিপদ; Bulgarian: опасност; Burmese: ဘယာ, ဘေး, အန္တရာယ်; Catalan: perill; Chechen: кхерам; Cherokee: ᎦᏂᏰᎩ; Chinese Cantonese: 危險, 危险; Mandarin: 危險, 危险; Chukchi: гыаргыргын; Classical Nahuatl: ohuihcāyōtl; Czech: nebezpečí; Danish: fare; Dutch: gevaar; Esperanto: danĝero; Estonian: oht, hädaoht; Faroese: vandi; Finnish: vaara, uhka; French: danger, péril; Friulian: pericul; Galician: perigo; Georgian: საფრთხე; German: Gefahr, Risiko; Gothic: 𐌱𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹, 𐍃𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐌴𐌹; Greek: κίνδυνος; Ancient Greek: κίνδυνος, τὸ δεινόν; Haitian Creole: danje; Hebrew: סַכָּנָה; Hindi: जोखिम, ख़तरा, विपदा, प्रमाद, संकट, विपत्ति, खतरा; Hungarian: veszély; Icelandic: hætta, háski, voði; Ido: danjero; Indonesian: bahaya; Ingush: кхерам; Irish: contúirt, dainséar; Italian: pericolo; Japanese: 危険; Javanese: bebaya; Kannada: ಕುತ್ತ; Kazakh: қауіп, қатер, қауіптілік; Khmer: គ្រោះថ្នាក់; Kikuyu: ũgwati class 14; Korean: 위험(危險); Kurdish Northern Kurdish: talûke; Kyrgyz: коркунуч; Ladin: pericul; Ladino: perikolo; Lao: ອັນຕະຣາຽ, ອັນຕະລາຍ; Latin: periculum; Latvian: briesmas, bīstamība; Lithuanian: pavojus; Macedonian: опасност; Malay: bahaya; Malayalam: ആപത്ത്, അപായം; Maltese: periklu; Maori: tatamate; Middle English: peril, danger, dred; Mongolian Cyrillic: аюул, зэтгэр; Norwegian Bokmål: fare; Occitan: perilh; Old English: frēcennes; Old Saxon: fāra, fār, gifār; Oromo: balaa; Pashto: خطر; Persian: خطر; Plautdietsch: Jefoa; Polish: niebezpieczeństwo; Portuguese: perigo; Romanian: pericol, primejdie; Romansch: privel, prighel, prievel; Russian: опасность; Sanskrit: त्यजस्; Sardinian: perículu, perígulu, pirígulu; Scottish Gaelic: cunnart; Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: опасно̄ст; Roman: opásnōst; Sicilian: pirìculu, perìculu, prìculu; Sinhalese: අන්ත්රාව; Slovak: nebezpečie; Slovene: nevarnost; Somali: khatar; Spanish: peligro; Swahili: hatari; Swedish: fara; Tagalog: panganib; Tajik: хатар, хавф; Tamil: அபாயம், ஆபத்து; Tatar: куркыныч; Telugu: ప్రమాదము; Thai: อันตราย; Tocharian A: sanu; Tocharian B: ñyātse; Turkish: tehlike; Turkmen: howp, hovp; Tuvan: айыыл; Ukrainian: небезпека; Urdu: جوکھم, خطرہ; Uyghur: خەتەر; Uzbek: xatar, xavflilik; Venetian: pericoło, pericol, pericolo, perigoło; Vietnamese: nguy hiểm; Walloon: dandjî; Welsh: perygl, peryglau; Xhosa: ingozi; Yiddish: געפאַר; Zulu: ingozi