γάλα: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=γάλακτος<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[milk]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: Rare forms dat. <b class="b3">γάλακι</b> (Call. Hek. 1, 4, 4), gen. <b class="b3">γάλατος</b> (Pap.), <b class="b3">τοῦ γάλα</b> (Pl. Com.). - Also <b class="b3">γλάγος</b> n. (Β 471). Other forms: <b class="b3">γλακῶντες μεστοὶ γάλακτος</b> H.; <b class="b3">κλάγος γάλα</b>. <b class="b3">Κρῆτες</b> H. (s. below); with hypocoristic gemination <b class="b3">γλακκόν γαλαθηνόν</b> H.; and <b class="b3">γλακτο-φάγος</b> (Il.); these forms may be due to simple assimilations (or metathesis).<br />Compounds: Old is <b class="b3">γαλα-θη-νός</b> <b class="b2">sucking milk</b> (Od.) from <b class="b3">γάλα</b> and <b class="b3">θῆσθαι</b>; on the suffix cf. <b class="b3">ἀγανός</b> etc. (Schwyzer 452), also <b class="b3">τιθήνη</b>. <b class="b3">γαλακτο-πότης</b> (Hdt.) etc. On <b class="b3">γάλα</b> as second member Sommer Nominalkomp. 83.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">γαλακτίς</b> (<b class="b3">πέτρα</b>) name of a stone (Orph.) = <b class="b3">γαλακτίτης</b> (Dsc.; cf. Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 53), both also plant names = <b class="b3">τιθύμαλλος</b> (Aët., Gloss.; from the juice, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58, Redard 70); <b class="b3">γάλαξ</b> name of a white shellfish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 109; cf Chantr. Form. 379); [[γάλιον]] s. v. - Adj.: <b class="b3">γαλακτώδης</b> (Arist.) - Denom. verbs: <b class="b3">γαλακτίζω</b>, <b class="b3">γαλακτόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">γαλακτιάω</b>. - With <b class="b3">ξ</b> (from <b class="b3">τ</b> assibilated before <b class="b3">ι</b>?) <b class="b3">γαλαξίας</b> (<b class="b3">κύκλος</b>) <b class="b2">Milky Way</b> (D. S.; s. Chantr. 95; also <b class="b3">γαλακτίας</b> Ptol.); <b class="b3">γαλάξια</b> n. pl. name of a Cybele feast (inscr., Thphr.), from which <b class="b3">Γαλαξιών</b> months name on Delos (Inschr. IIIa). - Independent <b class="b3">γαλατμόν λάχανον ἄγριον</b> H. (cf. <b class="b3">γάλιον</b>); perhaps from <b class="b3">*γαλακτ-μόν</b> (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 58); Fur. 374, 389 compares <b class="b3">ἀδαλτόμον</b>. - [[γάλαγγα]] s.v. - From <b class="b3">γλάγος</b> late <b class="b3">γλαγερός</b>, <b class="b3">γλαγόεις</b>; also <b class="b3">περιγλαγής</b> (Π 642) and <b class="b3">γλαγάω</b> (AP). -<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [400] <b class="b2">*glkt(-)</b> [[milk]]<br />Etymology: Outside Geek only in Lat. [[lac]]. - The basis of the Greek forms is <b class="b2">*galakt-</b> or <b class="b2">*glakt-</b> seen in <b class="b3">γλακτο-φάγος</b> (Ν 6); but the latter can be a simple syncope; Latin also points to <b class="b2">*glakt</b>. From <b class="b2">*galakt</b>, with loss of the final consonants and development of sec. vowel in nom.-acc.-form (cf. on <b class="b3">γυνή</b>) <b class="b3">γάλα</b>, and analogical <b class="b3">γάλακτος</b>. - J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 179 assumed that the <b class="b2">-t</b> originally occurred only in the nom.-acc, as in Skt. <b class="b2">yákr̥-t</b> (s. <b class="b3">ἧπαρ</b>). As the nom. lost its final consonants (<b class="b2">*galakt</b> > <b class="b2">*galak</b> > <b class="b3">γάλα</b>), the intermediate stage could have given the <b class="b2">t-</b>less forms. The Armenian forms, class. <b class="b2">kat`n</b>, dial. <b class="b2">kaxc`</b> have been explained by Kortlandt, following Weitenberg, (*through an intermediate <b class="b2">*kaɫt`-</b> with [[al]] < <b class="b2">*l̥</b> ) from <b class="b2">*gl̥kt-m</b>, <b class="b2">*gl̥kt-s</b> resp. (Rev. Et. Arm. XIX (1985) 22). - From Lat. [[lac]] MIr. [[lacht]] etc. Szemerényi's proposal (KZ 75, 1958, 17--184), from <b class="b2">*mlg\/k</b> from the root of <b class="b3">ἀμέλγω</b>, is impossible (as this root was <b class="b2">*h₂melǵ-</b>). - Old Chin. [[lak]] [[Kumys]] in first instance a nordasiatic (turkish) LW [loanword], cf. Turk. dial. [[raky]], [[araky]]; from where Arab. [[araq]], Japan. [[sake]] etc., s. Karlgren DLZ 1926, 1960f. - Vgl. Schwyzer IF 30, 438ff., Kretschmer Glotta 6, 305, Ernout-Meillet s. [[lac]], Buck Synonyms 385 - Not here Hitt. [[galaktar]] <b class="b2">Besänftigung</b>, s. Tischler HEW.

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