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πολύς: Difference between revisions
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|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[much]], [[many]], [[often]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">πολλή</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ</b>, Ion. poet. alo <b class="b3">πολλός</b>, <b class="b3">πολλόν</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member very productive, e.g. <b class="b3">πολύ-τροπος</b> <b class="b2">much-wandering, much-turned, wily</b> (of Odysseus, Hermes a.o.; Od., h. Merc.), <b class="b2">many-shaped</b> (Th.); on the meaning Kakridis Glotta 11, 288 ff.; on the <b class="b3">πολυ-</b>compp. in Hom. in gen. Stanford ClassPhil. 45, 108ff.; besides rarely <b class="b3">πολλα-</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">πολλα-πλάσιος</b>, <b class="b3">-πλήσιος</b> [[manifold]] (IA.), as <b class="b3">δεκα-πλάσιος</b>, <b class="b3">πολλά-κις</b> a.o.; s. also <b class="b3">δι-πλάσιος</b>. Compar. a. superl. <b class="b3">πλείων</b>, <b class="b3">πλέων</b>, <b class="b3">πλεῖστος</b> (from <b class="b2">*pleh₁-is-to-</b>), s. v.; innovation <b class="b3">πόλιστος</b> (Tab. Heracl.), s. Seiler Steigerungsformen 61.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">πολλότης</b> f. [[plurality]] (Damasc.), <b class="b3">πολλ-οστός</b> "the manieth", <b class="b2">one of many, small</b> (Att.; after <b class="b3">εἰκοστός</b> a. o.), <b class="b3">-άκις</b> (ep. lyr. also <b class="b3">-κι</b>) [[often]] (Il.; like <b class="b3">δεκά-κις</b> a.o.; explanation uncertain, s. Schwyzer 299 a. 597) a. o.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [800] <b class="b2">*p(e)lh₁-u-</b> [[many]]<br />Etymology: Beside <b class="b3">πολύς</b>, <b class="b3">-ύ</b> stand the zero grade Skt. <b class="b2">purú-</b> [[many]] (IE <b class="b2">*pl̥h₁ú-</b>) and the full grade Celt., e.g. OIr. [[il]] [[many]], and Germ., e.g. Goth. OHG [[filu]] [[many]] (IE <b class="b2">*pelh₁u-</b>). For the full grade forms orig. subst. function is most prob. ("quantity, mass, fullness"); opposed is the certain zero grade Skt. adj. <b class="b2">purú-</b>; one would like to assume zero grade also for <b class="b3">πολύς</b> (so for <b class="b3">*παλύς</b>? Schmidt KZ 32, 382, Specht KZ 59, 111 w. diff. explanations; cf. also <b class="b3">πόλις</b>). -- The geminated <b class="b3">πολλο-</b>, <b class="b3">πολλα-</b> agree with the (semant.) close <b class="b3">μεγα-λο-</b>, <b class="b3">-λα-</b> and could be explained by loss of a syll. from <b class="b3">*πολυ-λο-</b>, <b class="b3">-λα-</b>. More in Schwyzer 265 w. lit. a. discussion of other interpretations; on the inflection etc. Schwyzer 584. The word for [[many]] is a very old deriv. of the verb for [[fill]] (s. [[πίμπλημι]]). -- WP. 2, 64f., Pok. 800, W.-Hofmann s. [[plūs]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">purú-</b> w. further forms a. lit. | |etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[much]], [[many]], [[often]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">πολλή</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ</b>, Ion. poet. alo <b class="b3">πολλός</b>, <b class="b3">πολλόν</b>.<br />Compounds: As 1. member very productive, e.g. <b class="b3">πολύ-τροπος</b> <b class="b2">much-wandering, much-turned, wily</b> (of Odysseus, Hermes a.o.; Od., h. Merc.), <b class="b2">many-shaped</b> (Th.); on the meaning Kakridis Glotta 11, 288 ff.; on the <b class="b3">πολυ-</b>compp. in Hom. in gen. Stanford ClassPhil. 45, 108ff.; besides rarely <b class="b3">πολλα-</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">πολλα-πλάσιος</b>, <b class="b3">-πλήσιος</b> [[manifold]] (IA.), as <b class="b3">δεκα-πλάσιος</b>, <b class="b3">πολλά-κις</b> a.o.; s. also <b class="b3">δι-πλάσιος</b>. Compar. a. superl. <b class="b3">πλείων</b>, <b class="b3">πλέων</b>, <b class="b3">πλεῖστος</b> (from <b class="b2">*pleh₁-is-to-</b>), s. v.; innovation <b class="b3">πόλιστος</b> (Tab. Heracl.), s. Seiler Steigerungsformen 61.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">πολλότης</b> f. [[plurality]] (Damasc.), <b class="b3">πολλ-οστός</b> "the manieth", <b class="b2">one of many, small</b> (Att.; after <b class="b3">εἰκοστός</b> a. o.), <b class="b3">-άκις</b> (ep. lyr. also <b class="b3">-κι</b>) [[often]] (Il.; like <b class="b3">δεκά-κις</b> a.o.; explanation uncertain, s. Schwyzer 299 a. 597) a. o.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [800] <b class="b2">*p(e)lh₁-u-</b> [[many]]<br />Etymology: Beside <b class="b3">πολύς</b>, <b class="b3">-ύ</b> stand the zero grade Skt. <b class="b2">purú-</b> [[many]] (IE <b class="b2">*pl̥h₁ú-</b>) and the full grade Celt., e.g. OIr. [[il]] [[many]], and Germ., e.g. Goth. OHG [[filu]] [[many]] (IE <b class="b2">*pelh₁u-</b>). For the full grade forms orig. subst. function is most prob. ("quantity, mass, fullness"); opposed is the certain zero grade Skt. adj. <b class="b2">purú-</b>; one would like to assume zero grade also for <b class="b3">πολύς</b> (so for <b class="b3">*παλύς</b>? Schmidt KZ 32, 382, Specht KZ 59, 111 w. diff. explanations; cf. also <b class="b3">πόλις</b>). -- The geminated <b class="b3">πολλο-</b>, <b class="b3">πολλα-</b> agree with the (semant.) close <b class="b3">μεγα-λο-</b>, <b class="b3">-λα-</b> and could be explained by loss of a syll. from <b class="b3">*πολυ-λο-</b>, <b class="b3">-λα-</b>. More in Schwyzer 265 w. lit. a. discussion of other interpretations; on the inflection etc. Schwyzer 584. The word for [[many]] is a very old deriv. of the verb for [[fill]] (s. [[πίμπλημι]]). -- WP. 2, 64f., Pok. 800, W.-Hofmann s. [[plūs]], Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">purú-</b> w. further forms a. lit. | ||
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{{mdlsj | |||
|mdlsjtxt=[the ionic declension [[πολλός]], ή, όν is retained by the [[attic]] in all cases, [[except]] the nom. and acc. masc. and neut. Hom. uses [[both]] ionic and [[attic]] forms.]<br /><b class="num">I.</b> of Number, [[many]], opp. to [[ὀλίγος]], Hom., etc.;— with nouns of [[multitude]], πουλὺς [[ὅμιλος]] Od.; πολλὸν [[πλῆθος]] Hdt., etc.:—also of [[anything]] often [[repeated]], πολλὸν ἦν [[τοῦτο]] τὸ [[ἔπος]] Hdt.; πολλὸς αἰνεόμενος Hdt.; [[τούτῳ]] πολλῷ χρήσεται τῷ λόγῳ often, Dem.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> of Size, Degree, Force, [[much]], [[mighty]], [[great]], Il., etc.; π. [[ὕπνος]] [[deep]] [[sleep]], Od.; π. [[ὑμέναιος]] a [[loud]] [[song]], Il., etc.:—[[rarely]] of a [[single]] [[person]], [[μέγας]] καὶ πολλὸς ἐγένεο Hdt.; ἢν [[πολλῇ]] ῥυῇ if she [[flow]] with [[full]] [[stream]], metaph. from a [[river]], Eur.; πολλῷ ῥέοντι Dem.; from the [[wind]], πολὺς ἔπνει was blowing [[strong]], Dem.; often with a Partic., πολλὸς ἦν λισσόμενος he was all intreaties, Lat. [[multus]] erat in precando, Hdt.; so, π. ἦν ἐν τοῖσι λόγοισι Hdt., etc.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> of Value or Worth, [[πολέος]] or [[πολλοῦ]] [[ἄξιος]] Hom.; [[πολλοῦ]] and περὶ [[πολλοῦ]] ποιεῖσθαί τι, Lat. [[magni]] facere, cf. [[περί]] A.IV; ἐπὶ πολλῷ at a [[high]] [[price]], Dem.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> of Space, [[large]], [[wide]], [[wide]]-stretched, π. [[χώρη]], [[πεδίον]] Il., Hes., etc.; [[πόντος]], [[πέλαγος]] Hes., etc.;— πολλὸς ἔκειτο he lay outstretched, Il.;— π. [[κέλευθος]] a far way, Aesch., etc.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> of [[Time]], [[long]], πολὺν χρόνον Hom., etc.; [[πολλοῦ]] χρόνου Ar.; ἐκ [[πολλοῦ]] Thuc.; ἔτι πολλῆς νυκτός, Lat. [[multa]] [[nocte]], [[while]] [[still]] [[quite]] [[night]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> Special usages:<br /><b class="num">1.</b> partitive c. gen., e. g. πολλοὶ Τρώων for πολλοὶ [[Τρῶες]], Il.; πολλὸν σαρκός for πολλὴ [[σάρξ]], Od.; in Prose, the adj. [[generally]] takes the [[gender]] of the gen., τῆς γῆς οὐ πολλήν Thuc.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> joined to [[another]] adj. by καί, [[πολέες]] τε καὶ ἐσθλοί [[many]] men and [[good]], Il.; π. καὶ πονηρά Xen.; [[μεγάλα]] καὶ π. Dem.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> with the Art., of persons or things well [[known]], Ἑλένα μία τὰς πολλὰς ψυχὰς ὀλέσασ' those [[many]] lives, Aesch.; ὡς ὁ πολλὸς [[λόγος]] the [[common]] [[report]], Hdt.:—esp. οἱ πολλοί the [[many]], i. e. the greater [[number]], Thuc.; [[hence]], like τὸ [[πλῆθος]], the [[people]], the [[commonalty]], Thuc.; εἷς τῶν πολλῶν one of the [[multitude]], Dem.<br />b. τὺ [[πολύ]], c. gen., τῆς στρατιῆς τὸ πολλόν Hdt.; τῶν λογάδων τὸ [[πολύ]] Thuc.; but also, ὁ στρατὸς ὁ [[πολλός]] Hdt.<br />c. τὰ [[πολλά]] the [[most]], Od., etc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> the pl. [[πολλά]] is used with Verbs in the [[sense]] of [[very]] [[much]], too [[much]], πολλὰ πράσσειν = πολυπραγμονεῖν, Eur., Ar.; π. ἔρξαι τινά to do one [[much]] [[harm]], Aesch.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> πολλάς with Verbs of [[beating]], the Subst. [[πληγάς]] [[being]] omitted, v. [[πληγή]] 1.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> Adverbial usages:<br />a. neut. [[πολύ]] (ionic πολλόν), [[πολλά]], [[much]], [[very]], Hom., etc.; [[μάλα]] [[πολλά]] Hom.; [[πάνυ]] [[πολύ]] Plat.:—also of [[repetition]], [[many]] times, ofttimes, often, [[much]], Hom., etc.:—also with the Art., τὸ [[πολύ]] for the [[most]] [[part]], Plat.; ὡς τὸ π. Xen.; so, τὰ [[πολλά]], ὡς τὰ π. Thuc.<br />b. of Degree, far, [[very]] [[much]], Hdt.; so absol. gen. [[πολλοῦ]], [[very]], θρασὺς εἶ [[πολλοῦ]] Ar.; [[πολλοῦ]] [[πολύς]], [[πολλοῦ]] πολλή, [[πολλοῦ]] [[πολύ]], [[much]] too [[much]], Ar.<br />c. of Space, a [[great]] way, far, οὐ πολλόν Hdt., etc.<br />d. of [[Time]], [[long]], Hdt.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> [[πολύ]] is often joined with Adjs. and Advs.,<br />a. with a comp. to [[increase]] its [[compar]]. [[force]], πολὺ [[κάλλιον]], [[μεῖζον]], πολλὸν [[ἀμείνων]], παυρότεροι [[much]], far [[more]] [[beautiful]], etc., Hom., etc.:—so dat. πολλῷ by far, Hdt., etc.<br />b. with a Sup., πολὺ [[πρῶτος]], πολλὸν [[ἄριστος]] far the [[first]], etc., Il., etc.:—also, πολλῷ πλεῖστοι Hdt.<br />c. in [[attic]] with a Positive, ὦ πολλὰ μὲν [[τάλαινα]], πολλὰ δ' αὖ σοφή Aesch.<br /><b class="num">IV.</b> with Preps.,<br /><b class="num">1.</b> διὰ [[πολλοῦ]] at a [[great]] [[distance]], V. διά A. II. 2.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> ἐκ [[πολλοῦ]] from a [[great]] [[distance]], Thuc.; for a [[long]] [[time]], v. ἐκ II. 1.<br /><b class="num">3.</b> ἐπὶ [[πολύ]],<br />a. [[over]] a [[great]] [[space]], far, οὐκ ἐπὶ πολλόν Hdt.<br />b. for a [[long]] [[time]], [[long]], Thuc.<br />c. to a [[great]] [[extent]], Plat.; so, ὡς ἐπὶ π. [[very]] [[generally]], Thuc.; ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ π. for the [[most]] [[part]], Thuc.<br /><b class="num">4.</b> παρὰ [[πολύ]], by far, v. [[παρά]] C. I. 5.<br /><b class="num">5.</b> περὶ [[πολλοῦ]], v. supr. I. 3.<br /><b class="num">V.</b> for comp. [[πλείων]], [[πλέων]]; Sup. [[πλεῖστος]], v. sub vocc. | |||
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