σπεύδω: Difference between revisions

{{etym

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to hurry, to hasten, to strive, to exert oneself</b>, trans. <b class="b2">to drive, to quicken, to ply, to aspire after</b>.<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">σπεῦσαι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">σπεύσομαι</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">σπεύσω</b> (E. a.o.), <b class="b3">σπευσίω</b> (Cret.), perf. <b class="b3">ἔσπευκα</b> (hell.), rare midd. <b class="b3">σπεύ-δομαι</b> (A.), pass. <b class="b3">ἔσπευσμαι</b> (late),<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συ-</b>. Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">κενό-σπουδ-ος</b> <b class="b2">seriously prosecuting frivolities</b> with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (hell.). -- 2. <b class="b3">κατάσπευ-σις</b> (: <b class="b3">κατα-σπεύδω</b>) f. [[hurry]] (Thd.; <b class="b3">σπεῦσις</b> Gloss.), <b class="b3">σπευσ-τός</b> (Phryn.), <b class="b3">-τικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>) [[hurried]] (Arist., Eust.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σπουδ-ή</b> f. <b class="b2">haste, zeal, labour, seriousness, good will</b> (Il.), with <b class="b3">-αιος</b> [[zealous]], [[striving]], [[serious]], [[good]] (IA) with <b class="b3">-αιότης</b> f. (Pl. Def., LXX a. o.), <b class="b3">-αξ ἀλετρίβανος</b> H. (cf. below); <b class="b3">-άζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">συ-</b> a. o.) <b class="b2">to be quick, to carry on seriously, etc.</b> (IA) with <b class="b3">-ασμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμάτιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμός</b>, <b class="b3">-αστής</b>, <b class="b3">-αστός</b>, <b class="b3">-αστικός</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [998f] <b class="b2">*speud-</b> <b class="b2">press, do emphatically, hurry</b>.<br />Etymology: Through the maintenance of the <b class="b3">ου-</b>diphthong <b class="b3">σπουδή</b> proves to be an old derivation (cf. Schwyzer 347); the primary <b class="b3">σπεύδω</b> on the opposite has resisted any vowelchange. -- Good formal and semantic agreement shows Lith. <b class="b2">spáusti</b> (< <b class="b2">*spáud-ti</b>), with pres. <b class="b2">spáudžiu</b> [[press]], [[squeeze]], also <b class="b2">push, drive on</b>, intr. [[hutty]]. A trace of the meaning [[push]] has also been supposed in <b class="b3">σπούδαξ</b> = <b class="b3">ἀλετρίβανος</b>, <b class="b2">pestle of a mortar</b> (*"oppressor"; Fick BB 29, 197). The inf. <b class="b2">spáus-ti</b> can be equated with <b class="b3">σπεύδ-ω</b>, but the pres. <b class="b2">spáudžiu</b> can as well be an old iterative IE <b class="b2">*spoudéiō</b>. With <b class="b3">σπουδή</b> agrees formally <b class="b2">spaudà</b> f. [[pressure]], [[literature]]. Beside it with <b class="b2">ū-</b>vowel <b class="b2">spūdà</b> f. [[throng]], [[urgency]], [[pressure]] and <b class="b2">spūdė́ti</b> <b class="b2">be oppressed, thrust down, pain oneself, meddle</b>. With zero grade also Alb. <b class="b2">punë</b> [[work]], [[business]], if from <b class="b2">*spud-nā</b>. Arm. <b class="b2">p'oyt`</b>, gen. <b class="b2">p'ut`oy</b> (<b class="b2">o-</b>stem) [[zeal]] however gives problems both in the an- and auslaut; cf. Lidén GHÅ 39 [1933] : 2, 49; also Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 237. -- Hypothetic further combinations with rich lit. in WP. 2, 659, Pok. 998 f. (esp. Szemerényi ZDMG 101, 205ff.) and Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">spaudà</b>; older lit. also in Bq.

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