δῆμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. δᾶμος (cf. infr. IV), ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">district, country, land</b>, Βοιωτοὶ μάλα πίονα δ. ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Il.5.710</span>; Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δ. <span class="bibl">16.437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.13.322</span>, etc.; 'Ιθάκης ἐνὶ δ. <span class="bibl">1.103</span>; δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων <span class="bibl">13.266</span>; λαοὶ ἀνὰ δῆμον <span class="bibl">16.95</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">δῆμος ὀνείρων</b> <b class="b2">the land</b> of dreams, <span class="bibl">24.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> the <b class="b2">people, inhabitants</b> of such a district, πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ <span class="bibl">Il.3.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>271</span>; Βακτρίων ἔρρει πανώλης δ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>732</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> hence (since the common people lived in the country, the chiefs in the city), <b class="b2">the commons, common people</b>, <b class="b3">δήμου ἀνήρ</b>, opp. <b class="b3">βασιλεύς, ἔξοχος ἀνήρ</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.2.198</span>,<span class="bibl">188</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.328</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>261</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.66</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>12.22</span>, etc. (rarely of a single person, <b class="b3">δῆμον ἐόντα</b> being <b class="b2">a commoner</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.213</span>); opp. <b class="b3">οἱ εὐδαίμονες</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.196</span>; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ παχέες</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.5.30</span>; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ δυνατοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.4</span>; οἱ… ἐπαναστάντες τοῖς δυνατοῖς καὶ ὄντες δῆμος <span class="bibl">Id.8.73</span>; = Lat. <b class="b2">plebs</b>, <span class="bibl">D.H.6.88</span>, etc.; τοῦ πολλοῦ δ. εἷς <b class="b2">unus de plebe</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Sat.</span>2</span>; τοῦ δ. ὤν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Gall.</span>22</span>; in an army, <b class="b2">rank and file</b>, opp. officers, ὁ δ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., δ. ἰχθύων <span class="bibl">Antiph. 206.7</span>; τυράννων <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>1.15.1</span>; πιθήκων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">VA</span>3.4</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρνέων</b> <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in a political sense, <b class="b2">the sovereign people, the free citizens</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>199</span>,<span class="bibl">1011</span>, etc.; ὁ δ. ὁ Ἀθηναίων <span class="title">IG</span>12.10.37, etc.; προστάτης τοῦ δήμου <span class="bibl">Th.6.35</span>, etc.; personified, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>42</span>, al.; ἱερεὺς τοῦ Δ. καὶ τῶν Χαρίτων <span class="title">IG</span>22.1028. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">popular government, democracy</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὀλιγαρχίη</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span>; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ τύραννοι</b>, <span class="bibl">And.1.106</span>; πολίτεομα εἶναι ἐν Χίῳ δ. <span class="title">SIG</span>283.4 (iv B. C.); δήμου κατάλυσις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Ath.</span>8.4</span>; ταῦτα καταλύει δῆμον, οὐ κωμῳδία <span class="bibl">Philippid.25.7</span>; <b class="b3">δ. καταστῆσαι, καταπαύειν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.3.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.107</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">democracies</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.15</span>; δ. ὁ ἔσχατος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1277b3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">the popular assembly</b>, λέγειν ἐν τῷ δ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>565b</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δ</b>., formula in Inscrr., as <span class="title">IG</span>12.39, etc.; of the <b class="b2">assembly</b> of Oxyrhynchus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>41.19</span> (iii/iv A. D.), <span class="bibl">1407.19</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b2">township, commune</b> ( = Dor. <b class="b3">κώμη</b> acc. to <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1448a37</span>; but διελόμενοι τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατὰ κώμας, τὴν δὲ χώραν κατὰ δήμους <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>746d</span>, and v. infr.), in Attica, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>21.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.9.1.16</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.9, al.; elsewh., ib.12(5).594 (Ceos), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phib.</span>1.28.13</span> (iii A. D.), <span class="title">OGI</span>49.14 (Ptolemais), etc.:—Dor. δᾶμος, <span class="title">Michel</span>418.34 (Calymna), <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).58.23 (Lindos): in indications of origin, Σωφάνης ἐκ δ. Δεκελεῆθεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.73</span>; δήμου Ἁλαιεύς <span class="bibl">Antiph.211</span>; τῶν δήμων Πιτθεύς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2b</span>; τῶν δ. Θορίκιος <span class="bibl">D.39.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>21.4</span>; ἐπιγράψαι τοὺς βουλευτὰς πατρόθεν καὶ τοῦ δ. <span class="title">IG</span>22.223<span class="hiitalic">B</span>4: metaph., οἱ τῆς θαλάσσης δ. <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">Gym.</span> 44</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> name for a prostitute, <span class="bibl">Archil.184</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b2">faction</b> in the circus, <span class="title">Tab.Defix.Aud.</span>15.8 (Syria, iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> = [[κατανάγκη]], Ps.-Dsc.4.131. (Perh. cognate with Skt. <b class="b2">dā´ti</b> 'reap', <b class="b3">δαίομαι, δατέομαι</b>.) </span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0563.png Seite 563]] ὁ (nach alten Gramm. von δέω od. von [[δέμω]]? vgl. δᾶ), das <b class="b2">Volk</b>; von Hom. an überall; bei Hom. nur im singular. – Genauer: 1) das <b class="b2">Volk</b> überhaupt, die <b class="b2">Gemeinde,</b> die ganze <b class="b2">Bevölkerung</b> eines Gebiets; Iliad. 3, 50 πατρί τε σῷ μέγα [[πῆμα]] πόληί τε παντί τε δήμῳ; 24, 706 ἐπεὶ μέγα [[χάρμα]] πόλει τ' ἦν παντί τε δήμῳ; besonders die streitbaren Männer, Iliad. 17, 330 ἀνέρας ὑπερδέα δῆμον ἔχοντας; 20, 166 ἄνδρες ἀγρόμενοι, πᾶς [[δῆμος]]; das niedere Volk im Gegensatze zu den Vornehmen, Iliad. 2, 198 δήμου ἄνδρα, einen Mann aus dem Volke, Gegensatz vs. 188 βασιλῆα καὶ ἔξοχον ἄνδρα. Auffallend Iliad. 12, 213 δῆμον ἐόντα »ein gemeiner Mann seiend«, Schol. Aristonic. ἡ [[διπλῆ]], ὅτι ἀντὶ τοῦ δημότην, ἰδιώτην, vgl. Apollon. Lex. Homer. p. 58, 9 Steph. Byz. s. v. Δῆμος. Aehnlich nannte Archilochos eine Hure δῆμον, »ein gemeines Weibsstück«, Suid. s. v. Μυσάχνη Eustath. p. 1329, 34. 1088, 39 (Bergk Lyr. Gr. ed. 2 p. 574 frgm. Archiloch. no 184). Weniger kühn Thuc. 8, 73 ὄντες [[δῆμος]] und τοῖς ἄλλοις ὡς δήμῳ ὄντι. Bei Herodot. 1, 196 ὅσοι τοῦ δήμου Gegensatz zu ὅσοι εὐδαί. μονες, Arme und Reiche; 5, 30 Gegensatz ἄνδρες τῶν παχέων und [[δῆμος]]. Bei Thuc. 5, 4 Gegensatz ὁ [[δῆμος]] und οἱ δυνατοί Xen. Oyr. 2, 2, 14 ὁ [[δῆμος]] τῶν στρατιωτῶν, die gemeinen Soldaten. Pind. Ol. 3, 16 δᾶμον Ὑπερβορέων, genit. definitiv., das Volk der Hyperboreer = die Hyperboreer; Ol. 5. 14 τόνδε δᾶμον ἀστῶν. So überall. – 2) das freie Volk, Her. 1, 170; bei den att. Schriftstellern, weil in Athen das Volk das herrschende war, immer in dieser edleren Bdtg, Staat, bes. Freistaat, Demokratie, Her. 1, 170; Thuc. u. Folgde; dah. bes. in Athen ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ [[δῆμος]], der Senat und das Volk; οἱ δῆμοι, demokratische Staaten, Dem. Lpt. 15; im Ggstz von οἱ ὀλίγοι, Her. 3, 82; Thuc. 3, 47; δῆμον καταπαύειν, 1, 107; καταλύειν, Andoc. 3, 4; vgl. Wolf Lept. p. 233; die Volksberrschast auflösen, um eine Aristokratie einzurichten; δήμου [[κατάλυσις]], Thuc. 1, 115; Xen. Hell. 2, 3. 28; auch = Volksversammlung, λέγειν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ, Plat. Rep. VIII, 565 b; Euthyd. 284 b; Xen.; εἰς τὸν δῆμον παρελθεῖν, Plat. Alc. I, 105 a. – 3) das Land, Gebiet, wo ein Volk wohnt. Βοιωτοί, [[μάλα]] πίονα δῆμον ἔχοντες Il. 5, 710; Odyss. 13, 322 Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν ἐν πίονι δήμῳ; Iliad. 16, 514 Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δήμῳ; Odyss. 19, 399 Ἰθάκης ἐς πίονα δῆμον; so zu fassen auch wohl ἐν δήμῳ Ἰθάκης Iliad. 3, 201 Odyss. 13, 97; zweifelhafter sind andere Stellen, z. B. Odyss. 11, 14 Κιμμερίων ἀνδρῶν δῆμός τε [[πόλις]] τε, 6, 3 ἐς Φαιήκων ἀνδρῶν δῆμόν τε πόλιν τε, 8, 555 γαῖάν τε τεὴν δῆμόν τε πόλιν τε, 13, 233 [[τίς]] γῆ, [[τίς]] [[δῆμος]]; τίνες ἀνέρες [[ἐγγεγάασιν]]; in dergleichen Stellen kann [[δῆμος]] sowohl die Menschen als den Boden bezeichnen. So auch in den Wendungen κατὰ δῆμον und ἀνὰ δῆμον; Odyss. 3, 215 ἦ σέ γε λαοὶ ἐχθαίρουσ' ἀνὰ δῆμον. Odyss. 24, 12 δῆμον ὀνείρων das Reich (Land? Volk?) der Träume. – Hes. Th. 477. 971 u. sp. En., wie Ap. Rh. 1, 799; Mus. 229. – Bes. in Athen, einzelne Gemeinden, Gaue, die 174 Unterabtheilungen der φυλαί; so Her. 9, 73, ἐκ δήμου Δεκελεῆθεν; auch ohne Präpos., 3, 55; ἔστι δὲ τὸν δῆμον Πιτθεύς, Plat. Euth. 2 b. Plat. vrbdt Legg. VI, 746 d [[ὅθεν]] φρατρίας καὶ δήμους καὶ κώμας δεῖ τὸν νόμον διατάττειν; vgl. Hermann's Staatsalterthümer §. 111. – Sp. brauchen es übh. für Menge; auch von Thieren, Alciph. 3, 20; Philostr. – Ueber den Accent-Unterschied zwischen [[δῆμος]] und [[δημός]] s. Scholl. Herodian. Iliad. 8, 240. 12, 213 Lehrs Aristarch. p. 311.