σημεῖον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, Ion. σημήϊον, Dor. σᾱμήϊον <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).452 (Thera, iv B.C.), σᾱμεῖον <span class="title">IPE</span>12.352.25 (Chersonesus, ii B.C.), <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1390.16 (Andania, i B.C.), σᾱμᾶον <span class="title">CIG</span>5168 (Cyrene):—= <b class="b3">σῆμα</b> in all senses, and more common in Prose, but never in Hom. or Hes.: <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">mark</b> by which a thing is known, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.38</span>; σημεῖα τῶν δεδικασμένων... σημεῖα πάντων ὧν ἔπραξαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>614c</span>; <b class="b2">sign</b> of the future, <b class="b3">τυραννίδος σ</b>. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1355</span>; σ. λαβεῖν ἔκ τινος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>514</span>; <b class="b2">trace, track</b>, σημεῖα δ' οὔτε θηρὸς οὔτε του κυνῶν . . ἐξεφαίνετο <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>257</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>886</span>; τῆς καταβάσεως <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.2.2</span>; of a cork on a buoy, <span class="bibl">Paus.8.12.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> Dor., <b class="b2">tomb</b>, IG12(3).452 (iv B.C.), <span class="title">CIG</span>l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">sign from the gods, omen</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>94</span>; τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν σ. γενόμενα <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.81</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 244c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>40b</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.1</span>; <b class="b2">wonder, portent</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ex.</span>4.8</span>, al.; σ. καὶ τέρατα <span class="bibl">Plb.3.112.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>24.24</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>4.48</span>, cf. <span class="title">IPE</span>l.c., <span class="bibl">D.S.17.114</span>; φόβηθρα καὶ σ. ἀπ' οὐρανοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>21.11</span>; esp. of <b class="b2">the constellations</b>, regarded as <b class="b2">signs</b>, δύεται σημεῖα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>529</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span> 1157</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">sign</b> or <b class="b2">signal</b> to do a thing, made by flags, <b class="b3">ἀνέδεξε σημήϊον τοῖσι ἄλλοισι ἀνάγεσθαι</b> he made <b class="b2">signal</b> for the rest to put to sea, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.128</span>; <b class="b2">signal for battle</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ σ. ἤρθη, κατεσπάσθη</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.49</span>,<span class="bibl">63</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">καθαιρεῖν τὸ σ</b>. to take <b class="b2">it</b> down, strike the <b class="b2">flag</b>, as a <b class="b2">sign</b> of dissolving an assembly, <span class="bibl">And.1.36</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>278</span>; <b class="b3">ὕστερος ἐλθεῖν τοῦ σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">V.</span>690</span>: generally, <b class="b2">signal</b>, σ. ὑποδηλῶσαί τινι ὅτι . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>1011</span>; τὰ σ. αὐτοῖς ἤρθη <span class="bibl">Th.4.42</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ σ. τοῦ πυρός, ὡς εἴρητο, ἀνέσχον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">111</span>; <b class="b2">signal</b> to commence work, [ἡ] τοῦ σημείου ἄρσις <span class="title">Ath.Mitt.</span>35.403 (Pergam.); <b class="b3">σημείῳ ἀβαστάκτῳ, σημείοις ἀβαστάκτοις</b> with unremoved <b class="b2">signal</b> (<b class="b2">s</b>), of gymnasia, i.e. never closed, <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.446 (ibid.), <span class="title">Abh.Berl.Akad.</span>1932(5).44(ibid., ii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">standard</b> or <b class="b2">flag</b>, on the admiral's ship, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.92</span>; on the general's tent, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.5.13</span>; <b class="b3">ἔξω τῶν σ</b>. out of the <b class="b2">lines</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">8.3.19</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">body of troops</b> under one standard or flag, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PAmh.</span>2.39.2</span> (ii B.C.); cf. σημεία <span class="bibl">1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> land<b class="b2">mark, boundary, limit</b>, <b class="b3">ἔξω τῶν σ. τοῦ ὑμετέρου ἐμπορίου</b> out of the <b class="b2">limits</b> of your commercial port, <span class="bibl">D.35.28</span>; of milestones, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">CG</span>7</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdn.2.13.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">device</b> upon a shield, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.171</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1114</span>; upon ships, <b class="b2">figure-head</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>933</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.31</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>255</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">signet</b> on ring, etc., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>952</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>585</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>191d</span>, al., <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>5.1.30</span>, <span class="bibl">D.42.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PRev.Laws</span> 26.5</span> (iii B.C.); <b class="b2">figure, image</b>, Διὸς κτησίου <span class="bibl">Anticl.13</span>; <b class="b2">badge</b>, τρίαιναν σ. θεοῦ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>218</span>: pl., <b class="b2">written characters</b>, γράψαι σημήϊα . . φωνῆς <span class="title">IG</span>14.1549 (Rome). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> pl. (Dor.) <b class="b3">σαμεῖα</b>, <b class="b2">stripes</b>, ib.5(1).1390.16 (Andania, i B.C.); <b class="b2">clavi</b><b class="b3">· σημεῖα</b>, <span class="title">Gloss.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b2">watchword, war-cry</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.5.69.8</span>; ἀπὸ σ. ἑνὸς ἐπιστρέφειν τὰς ναῦς <span class="bibl">Th.2.90</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.2.28</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b2">birthmark</b> or <b class="b2">distinguishing feature</b>, Wilcken <span class="title">Chr.</span>76.14 (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>15.27</span> (ii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">sign, token, indication</b> of anything that is or is to be, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1059</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1332</span>; σ. φαίνεις ἐσθλὸς . . γεγώς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>24</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>710</span>; τέχνης σ. τῆς ἐμῆς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>998</span>; so later τὰ σ. τῶν καιρῶν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>16.3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in reasoning, a <b class="b2">sign</b> or <b class="b2">proof</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>369</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.6</span>,<span class="bibl">10</span>, <span class="bibl">And. 2.25</span>, etc.; τούτων ὑμῖν σημεῖα δείξω <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.103</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.46</span>; τάδε τὰ σ. ὡς . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>1.5</span>; σ. εἰ . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>520e</span>; <b class="b3">ὅτι ἀγαθὸς ἦν... τοῦτο μέγιστον σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Min.</span>321b</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ μὴ ἐκδυθῆναι οὐδὲν σ. ἐστι</b> is no <b class="b2">proof</b> to the contrary, <span class="bibl">Antipho 2.2.5</span>; also, <b class="b2">instance, example</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">VM</span> 20</span>; <b class="b3">σημεῖον δέ·</b> to introduce an argument, <span class="bibl">D.21.149</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.86</span>,107, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in the Logic of Arist., <b class="b2">a sign</b> used as <b class="b2">a probable argument</b> in proof of a conclusion, opp. <b class="b3">τεκμήριον</b> (a demonstrative or certain proof), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">APr.</span>70a11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">SE</span>167b9</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1357a33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> in Stoic and Epicurean philos., <b class="b2">sign</b> as observable basis of inference to the unobserved or unobservable, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2p.43U.</span>, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>27</span>, al., <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">M.</span>8.142</span>, al.; <b class="b3">περὶ σημείων</b> (dub. sens.), title of work by Zeno, <span class="title">Stoic.</span>1.14. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> Medic., <b class="b2">symptom</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>3.6</span>, <span class="bibl">15</span>, <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.9</span>, Gal.1.313, 18(2).306. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> = Lat. <b class="b2">lenticula</b>, a kind of skin-eruption, <span class="bibl">Cels.6.5.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> pl., <b class="b2">shorthand symbols</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cat.Mi.</span>23</span>, <span class="bibl">Gal. <span class="title">Libr.Propr.</span>1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>724.3</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>42.25</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">critical mark</b>, Heph.<b class="b2">Poëm</b>.<span class="bibl">p.73C.</span>, <span class="bibl">D.L.3.65</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> = [[στιγμή]], <b class="b2">mathematical point</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">APo.</span>76b5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>240b3</span>, Euc.<span class="title">Def.</span>1, al.; also ς. (with or without <b class="b3">χρόνου</b>) <b class="b2">point</b> of time, <b class="b2">instant</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>283a11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>262b2</span>sq. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Prosody and Music, <b class="b2">unit of time</b>, <span class="bibl">Aristid.Quint.1.14</span>, Longin.<span class="title">Proll. Heph.</span>5.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0874.png Seite 874]] τό, ion. [[σημήϊον]], = [[σῆμα]] in allen Bedeutungen, <b class="b2">Zeichen</b>, woran man Etwas erkennt u. unterscheidet; Her. 2, 38; θεοῦ, Aesch. Suppl. 215; σημεῖά σοι τάδ' ἐστὶ τῆς ἐμῆς φρενός, Prom. 844; σημεῖα δ' [[οὔτε]] θηρὸς σὔτε του κυνῶν ἐξεφαίνετο, Soph. Ant. 251; σαφῆ σημεῖ' ἰδοῦσα, El. 874; dessen was da kommen soll, Anzeichen, O. C. 94; τὸ [[δαιμόνιον]], Plat. Phaedr. 242 b; Apol. 40 b; vgl. τὰ τοῦ μεγίστου θεοῦ σημεῖα, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 1. 2, 4, 19; δακτυλίου, Ar. Equ. 947 Vesp. 585; auch an Schiffen, Ran. 931, Siegel, Xen. Hell. 5, 1, 30, vgl. Plat. Theaet. 191 d; Dem. u. Folgde. – Feldzeichen, Fahne, Abzeichen des Feldherrn, Her. 8, 92 (vgl. Xen. Cyr. 8, 5, 13 An. 1, 10, 12, ein Adler Cyr. 7, 1, 41, Schildzeichen, 1, 17) (wie Eur. Phoen. 1121 u. öfter), ein Zeichen Etwas zu thun, 7, 128; [[σημεῖον]] αἴρειν, Thuc. 1, 49, ἀπὸ σημείου, auf das gegebene Zeichen, 3, 9; auch Feldgeschrei, vgl. Pol. 5, 69, 8. – Σημεῖα καθαιρεῖν, Andoc. 1, 36; ἔξω τῶν σημείων, d. i. außerhalb des Lagers, Xen. Cyr. 8, 3, 19; u. danach gesagt ὅς ἐστιν ἔξω τῶν σημείων τοῦ ἡμετέρου ἐμπορίου, Dem. 35, 28. – Σημείοις χρῆσθαι [[περί]] τινος, Isocr. 4, 30; [[σημεῖον]], ὅτι, ein Zeichen, Beweis daß, Andoc. 2, 4; [[σημεῖον]] δ' αὐτοῦ ἡ ἐν Τροίᾳ [[μονή]], Plat. Crat. 395 a; ἱκανὸν δὲ [[σημεῖον]], ὡς μαντικὴν ἀφροσύνῃ θεὸς ἀνθρωπίνῃ δέδωκεν· οὐδεὶς γὰρ –, Tim. 71 e; häufig bei den Rednern, [[σημεῖον]] δὲ τούτων· = γάρ, Isocr. 4, 107; [[σημεῖον]] τοῦ τάχους· οἱ μὲν γάρ, zum Beweise dient, daß, 4, 87; Folgde, wie Pol. 4, 44, 3. 9, 33, 4; vgl. Wolf Dem. Lpt. 225 u. [[τεκμήριον]]. – Bei den Mathematikern der <b class="b2">Punkt,</b> u. so auch Pol. 6, 28, 2; S. Emp. oft.