ἦ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Adv., never in the form <b class="b3">ἦε</b> (ἠέ): <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> TO CONFIRM an assertion, <b class="b2">in truth, of a surety</b>, ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς <span class="bibl">Il.5.800</span>, etc.; ironically, <span class="bibl">1.229</span>, al.; with concessive force, <b class="b2">it is true that . .</b>: hence, <b class="b2">although . .</b>, ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν <span class="bibl">3.215</span>: freq. strengthd. by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα <span class="bibl">Od.24.193</span>; ἦ ἄρα δή <span class="bibl">Il.13.446</span>; ἦ ῥα <span class="bibl">4.82</span>; ἦ ῥά νυ <span class="bibl">6.215</span>; ἦ γάρ <span class="bibl">1.78</span>; ἦ γάρ τοι <span class="bibl">Od.16.199</span>; ἦ δή <span class="bibl">Il.2.272</span>; ἦ δή που <span class="bibl">21.583</span>; ἦ δῆτα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>429</span>; ἦ θην <span class="bibl">Il.20.452</span>; ἦ κάρτα <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">El.</span>1279</span>; ἦ μάλα <span class="bibl">Il.3.204</span>; ἦ μάλα δή <span class="bibl">5.422</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> and <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> (v. infr.); ἦ νυ <span class="bibl">Il.22.11</span>; ἦ τάχα <span class="bibl">Od.18.73</span>; ἦ τε <span class="bibl">13.211</span>: and to express doubt, <b class="b3">ἦ που</b>, v. [[ἦ που]] and <b class="b3">ποῦ</b>: esp. <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> used in oaths and asseverations, <span class="bibl">Il.2.291</span>, <span class="bibl">7.393</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">168</span>, etc.; also ἦ μάν <span class="bibl">Il.2.370</span>, <span class="bibl">13.354</span>, <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>23.5</span>; ἦ μέν <span class="bibl">Od.10.65</span>(later <b class="b3">εἶ μήν</b>, v. [[εἷ]]): c. inf. in orat. obliq., after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν <span class="bibl">Il.1.77</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> also in Ion. historical Prose, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.154</span>, <span class="bibl">5.93</span>, al.; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>115d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν</b> Lexap.<span class="bibl">D.24.39</span>: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή <span class="bibl">Il.2.798</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.257</span>, al.; ἦ δὴ μάν <span class="bibl">Il.17.538</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in the combinations <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ</b> and <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b>; <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>255.5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Synt.</span>307.19</span>(cf. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.520</span>), recognizes an 'expletive' <b class="b3">ἠ</b> (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispom. after <b class="b3">ἐπεί</b>, barytone after <b class="b3">ὅτι</b> or <b class="b3">τί</b>. It is prob. the same as the affirmative <b class="b3">ἦ</b> (cf. A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>l.c.), and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ . . <span class="bibl">Il.1.169</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα</b> ib. <span class="bibl">156</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.465</span>; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί . . <span class="bibl">Il.20.437</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.16.442</span>. Trypho took <b class="b3">τίη</b> as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ . . <span class="bibl">Il.6.55</span>, but A.D. (<span class="title">Conj.</span>l.c.) infers from the accent of <b class="b3">ὅτι ἢ</b> that <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b> was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by <span class="bibl">Eust.45</span> init., <span class="bibl">118.39</span>, <span class="bibl">907.14</span> to be <b class="b3">τιή, ὁτιή</b>(qq. v.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> this <b class="b3">ἦ</b> (or <b class="b3">ἢ</b>) is prob. to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ <span class="bibl">Il.2.289</span>, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ <span class="bibl">Od.3.348</span>, <span class="bibl">19.109</span>, where codd. have <b class="b3">ἢ</b> (in <span class="bibl">Od.3.348</span> <b class="b3">ἠδέ</b> (cj. Bekker) shd. perh. be read for <b class="b3">ἠέ</b>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in Questions not involving alternatives: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> Direct questions, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, <b class="b3">τίπτ' εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος</b>; why hast thou come? <b class="b2">is it</b> that thou mayst see . . ? <span class="bibl">Il.1.203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.466</span>,<span class="bibl">7.26</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.710</span>,<span class="bibl">13.418</span>, <span class="bibl">17.376</span>, <span class="bibl">B.17.5</span>; <b class="b3">τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>622</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1425</span> (<b class="b3">ἤ</b> codd.); <b class="b3">τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span> (perispom., cod. B): on the accent, Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.112</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> not epexegetic of a preceding question, <b class="b3">ἦ σύ γ' Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος</b>; art thou the wily Odysseus? <span class="bibl">Od.10.330</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.11.666</span>, <span class="bibl">15.504</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε . . Ἕκτορος</b>; do you not hear . .? ib.<span class="bibl">506</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.16.424</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκται</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>43c</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτω</b>; don't you think so too? <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>479b</span> (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτά</b>; shall we work them (the consequences) out? ib.<span class="bibl">479c</span> (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ τορῶς λέγω</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>269</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>757</span>: freq. with other Particles, <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.20.166</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.19.56</span>; mostly <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα . .</b>; <span class="bibl">5.421</span>, <span class="bibl">762</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.632</span>; also in Trag. (in lyr.), <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>633</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>172</span>, <span class="bibl">955</span>: esp. to mark the first of several questions, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>7(6).3</span> sqq.; <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρα δή . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.13.446</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ ῥά νυ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">4.93</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ νυ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">15.128</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δή . .</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>565</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>385</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>429</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 745</span>, <span class="bibl">757</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1000</span>: in Att. Prose, <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ</b>; standing alone, <b class="b2">is it not so?</b> <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>160e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>449d</span>, <span class="bibl">468d</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ καί . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1207</span>, <span class="bibl">1362</span>:—<b class="b3">ἦ</b> usu. begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in <span class="bibl">Il.5.421</span>, <span class="bibl">762</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.632</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>863</span>, <span class="bibl">1102</span>, or <b class="b3">ἀλλά</b>, as in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>276</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>774</span>:—by Crasis <b class="b3">ἦ</b> combines with <b class="b3">ἄρα</b> in Att. and the <b class="b3">κοινή</b> to <b class="b3">ἆρα</b> (q. v.), in all other dialects (cf. <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>223.24</span>) to <b class="b3">ἦρα</b> (q. v.), but <b class="b3">ἆρα</b> is found in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.78</span> (<b class="b3">ἄρα</b> codd.), al., <span class="bibl">Archil.86</span>, <span class="bibl">89</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ' εἴης <span class="bibl">Od. 13.415</span> (v.l. [[εἰ]], which alone has Ms. authority in <span class="bibl">Il.1.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.325</span>); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν <span class="bibl">Il.8.111</span> (v.l. [[εἰ]]) <b class="b3">; ἀλλ' ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ . . ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.16.138</span> (v.l. [[εἰ]]) <b class="b3">; ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν</b> they shall investigate <b class="b2">whether .</b>. Tab.Heracl.1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ. . ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη <span class="bibl">Isyll.34</span>; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).170.12 (Astypalaea): accented <b class="b3">ἤ</b> in codd. Hom., but it shd. perh. be perispom.</span><br /><span class="bld">ἦ</span>, for <b class="b3">ἔφη</b>, 3sg. impf. or aor. 2 of <b class="b3">ἠμί</b> (q. v.). ἦ, for <b class="b3">ἦν</b>, Att. contr. from lon. <b class="b3">ἔα</b>, impf. of <b class="b3">εἰμί</b> (<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">sum</b>).</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1147.png Seite 1147]] (vgl. je, ja), 1) bekräftigend, betheuernd, <b class="b2">fürwahr, wahrlich, traun, gewiß</b>, Hom. u. Folgde; ἦ γὰρ ὀΐομαι ἄνδρα χολωσέμεν, denn traun, ich meine, er wird zürnen, Il. 1, 78. Oft verbunden mit anderen Partikeln, ἦ ἄρα, Od. 24, 193, ἦ ἄρα δή, Il. 13, 446, ἦ ἄρ, ἦ ἄρ τε, 19, 56 Od. 13, 357. 20, 166, ἦ ῥα, Il. 16, 750 Soph. Ai. 172. 934, ἦ ῥά νυ, Od. 12, 280, – ἦ γάρ, freilich wohl, Il. 1, 232. 293. 342.355, ἦ γάρ τοι, Od. 16, 199, – ἦ δή, Il. 1, 518 Od. 1, 253, ἦ δή που, Il. 21, 583, ἦ δὴ μάν, 17, 538; ἦ δή τ' ἂν εἴη πανδίκως [[ψευδώνυμος]] Aesch. Spt. 652; – ἦ θήν πού τοι θυμὸς ἐέλπεται Il. 13, 813; – ἦ [[κάρτα]], bes. bei den Tragg. häufig, Aesch. Ag. 528. 1225 Soph. Ai. 1338; vgl. Valck. Hipp. 1028; auch allein in der bejahenden Antwort, ja wohl, Soph. El. 304; – ἦ [[μάλα]], bei Aussprüchen u. Meinungen, die man anzunehmen bereit ist, ἦ [[μάλα]] [[Ὀδυσσεύς]] ἐσσι Od. 19, 474, fürwahr ja, so denke ich und hoffe ich, du bist Od., vgl. 16, 183 Il. 3, 204; auch ἦ [[μάλα]] δή, Il. 18, 12. 21, 55 Od. 4, 169. 333. 23, 149; ἦ μάν, u. ἦ μέν, wie ἦ μήν, gewiß u. wahrhaftig (vgl. μήν u. μέν, u. Nägelsbach Anmerkgn zur Ilias p. 1591, von Homer an der gewöhnliche Ausdruck beim Schwur, mit dem die eigentlichen Worte desselben eingeführt werden, ἴστω νῦν Ζεὺς [[πρῶτα]] θεῶν –, ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται, Od. 14, 160; σὺ δὲ σύνθεο [[καί]] μοι ὄμοσσον ἦ μέν μοι – ἀρήξειν Il. 1, 77; ὄμνυσι ἦ μὴν λαπάξειν Aesch. gpt. 513; Soph. Tr. 255; Plat. Phaedr. 236 e Legg. VI, 784 c; [[ὀμνύω]] ὑμῖν θεοὺς πάντας, ἦ μὴν ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην Xen. An. 5, 9, 31; c. inf. fut., ibd. 2, 3, 26, aor. 6, 4, 17; ὤμοσαν ἦ μὴν ποιήσειν Is. 2, 32; ἐπώμοσαν ἦ μὲν ἀρήξει ν Ap. Rh. 2, 715; auch ἐγγυητὰς καταστήσας, Dem. 24, 39, wie ἐγγυᾶσθαι ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν Plat. Phaed. 115 d; zu nachdrücklichen Betheuerungen, ἦ μάν, Il. 2, 370, freilich wohl, 13, 354, ἦ μέν, Il. 9, 252 Od. 10, 65, doch gewiß, ἦ μὲν δή, Il. 2, 798 Od. 18, 257, ἦ μήν, Il. 2, 291. 7, 393. 9, 57; ἦ μὴν κελεύσω Aesch. Prom. 73; vgl. Plat. Phil. 18 d Euthyd. 276 e; – ἦ νύ τοι, Il. 22, 11; – ἦ που, sicher wohl, Aesch. Prom. 519; Soph. Phil. 1115; nicht selten ironisch, ἦ πού με τελαμὼν δέξαιτ' ἂν [[εὐπρόσωπος]] Ai. 987, vgl. Plat. Gorg. 448 a 469 b Phaed. 84 d Rep. X, 595 d; – ἦ [[τάχα]], Od. 18, 73. 338. 389; ἦ [[τάχα]] [[καί]], 19, 69; – ἦ τε, Il. 16, 687. 17, 236. 18, 13 Od. 20, 194. 24, 311. – 2) fragend, in directer Frage ff. ἤ 2.), wie es im Deutschen zuweilen durch <b class="b2">denn</b>, oder <b class="b2">wohl, etwa</b>, häufig aber nur durch den Frageton, nicht durch ein eigenes Wort wiedergegeben werden kann, Od. 10, 330 Il. 11, 666 u. sonst; ἦ τορῶς [[λέγω]]; Aesch. Ag. 260; ἦ πῶς; Ch. 756; Folgde, wie in Prosa. Oft ἦ ῥα bei Hom., Od. 15, 431; ἦ ῥά νυ, Il. 4, 93; ἦ ῥά τι, 5, 421. 762. 7, 446. 9, 674 Od. 4, 632; bei den Attikern sehr häufig ἦ γάρ, sowohl Tragg., ἦ γάρ τι λοιπὸν ἐρεῖς Aesch. Prom. 747, ἦ γὰρ μετέσχες τοῦδε τοῦ πόνου Soph. Phil. 248, als in Prosa, Plat. Gorg. 469 b Rep. X, 607 c u. sonst; auch ἦ γάρ allein, für sich einen Fragesatz bildend, wie nonne? nicht wahr? Prot. 312 e 333 e; oft auch ἦ γὰρ οὔ; vgl. Heindorf zu Plat. Phaedr. 266 d Gorg. 468 d; ἦ γάρ ποτ' ἔστιν ἐκπεσεῖν ἀρχῆς Δία; Aesch. Prom. 759. er sprach's, von ἠμί, statt ἔφη, s. unter ἠμί.