ὄπισθεν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=in Ion. (<span class="bibl">Hdt.4.72</span>, al., <span class="title">SIG</span>46.65 (Halic., v B. C.), etc.) and late Att. (<span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span> 16</span>, etc.) ὄπισθε before a conson., as also in Poets, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>545</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>1333</span> : poet. also ὄπῐθεν <span class="bibl">Il.6.181</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).35</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>1001</span> (lyr.) :—Adv. : <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of Place, <b class="b2">behind, at the back</b>, opp. <b class="b3">πρόσθε</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.5.595</span> ; πρόσθε λέων ὄπιθεν δὲ δράκων μέσση δὲ χίμαιρα <span class="bibl">6.181</span> ; ὄπισθεν καταλιπεῖν <span class="bibl">Od.10.209</span> ; μένειν <span class="bibl">Il.9.332</span>, etc. ; πέμψει οὖρον ὄ. <span class="bibl">Od.15.34</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄπιθεν κομόωντες</b> with long <b class="b2">back</b>-hair, <span class="bibl">Il.2.542</span> ; ὄπιθεν κομόωσαι ἔθειραι <span class="title">IG</span>12(9).1179.9 (Euboea) ; <b class="b3">ὄ. ἕπεσθαι, ἀκολουθεῖν</b>, A. l. c., etc. ; <b class="b3">οἱ ὄπιθεν</b> <b class="b2">those who are left behind</b>, e.g. at home, <span class="bibl">Od.11.66</span> ; but also, <b class="b2">those who are in the rear</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.8</span> ; <b class="b3">εἰ τοὺς ὄ. ἐς τὸ πρόσθεν ἄξομεν</b> shall bring the <b class="b2">rear ranks</b> to the front (metaph.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span> 1249</span> ; <b class="b3">αἱ ὄ. ἁψῖδες</b> the <b class="b2">hinder</b> fellies, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.72</span> ; <b class="b3">τὰ ὄ</b>. the <b class="b2">hinder parts, rear, back</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.613</span> ; οἱ ὄ. ἁρμοί <span class="title">IG</span>12.372.117 ; εἰς τοὔπισθεν <b class="b2">back, backwards</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1410</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>261b</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">εἰς τ. τοξεύειν</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">'versis sagittis'</b>, like the Parthians, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.3.10</span> : opp. ἐκ τοὔπισθεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>482</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.79</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.1.6</span> ; ἐν τῷ ὄ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>614c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>9.8</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">ὄ. ποιήσασθαι τὸν ποταμόν</b> place the river <b class="b2">in his rear</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.10.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Prep. c. gen., <b class="b2">behind</b>, στῆ δ' ὄπιθεν δίφροιο <span class="bibl">Il.17.468</span> ; ὄπισθε μάχης <span class="bibl">13.536</span> ; ὄπισθε τῆς θύρης <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.9</span> ; ἔμπροσθέ τε Θερμοπυλέων καὶ ὄ. <span class="bibl">Id.7.176</span> ; ὄ. ἐμοῦ . . εἰσῄει <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>175a</span>, etc. : sts. after its case, δίφρου ὄπισθεν <span class="bibl">Il.24.15</span> ; <b class="b3">ἴμεν φάμας ὄπισθεν</b> <b class="b2">follow</b> the voice, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 6.63</span> ; γνώμης πατρῴας πάντ' ὄ. ἑστάναι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>640</span> ; also τούτοισι δ' ὄ. ἴτω <span class="bibl">Cratin.30</span> ; πνοιαῖς ὄπιθεν Βορέα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.31</span> (s. v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of Time, <b class="b2">after, in future, hereafter</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.362</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.270</span>, <span class="bibl">18.168</span>, etc. ; either of a thing absolutely future, or of one which follows something else, opp. <b class="b3">αὐτίκα</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.9.519</span> ; ὄπιθεν οὐ πολλόν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10(11).35</span> ; πολλοῖς μησὶν ὄ. <span class="bibl">Theoc.<span class="title">Ep.</span>22.8</span> ; cf. ὀπίσω <span class="bibl">11.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἐν τοῖσι ὄ. λόγοισι</b> in the books <b class="b2">yet to come</b>, in the <b class="b2">following</b> books, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.22</span>, <span class="bibl">7.213</span> ; cf. ὀπίσω <span class="bibl">11.2</span> : but, in Gramm., of what has gone before, Sch. <span class="bibl">Od.3.366</span>, Hsch. s.v. [[Ἴωνες]], Sch.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1488</span> ; <b class="b3">ὁ ὄπιθεν χρόνος</b> the <b class="b2">earlier</b> time, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>158.22</span> (vi A. D.) :—for Comp. <b class="b3">ὀπίστερος</b>, Sup. <b class="b3">ὀπίστατος</b>, v. sub vocc. (Prob. from <b class="b3">*ὄπις</b> 'back', contained in <b class="b3">ἀνόπιν, κατόπιν, μετόπιν, ὀπίσω</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adv. and prep.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">(from) behind, back, after</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">-ε</b> (Ion. poet.), <b class="b3">ὄπιθε(ν</b>) (Il.)<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀπισθό-δομος</b> m. <b class="b2">backmost hall of the temple of Athena</b> (Att.; Risch IF 59, 251); on <b class="b3">ὀπισθέναρ</b> s. <b class="b3">θέναρ</b>; many details in Schwyzer-Debrunner 540. As 2. member a.o. in <b class="b3">μετ-όπισ-θε(ν</b>) <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ὀπίσθ-ιος</b> (IA.), <b class="b3">-ίδιος</b> (Sophr., Call., AP) <b class="b2">situated in the back</b>; compar. forms <b class="b3">ὀπίστατος</b> (Θ 342,Λ 178; for <b class="b3">*ὀπίσθ-ατος</b>?, Schwyzer 535 after it <b class="b3">-τερος</b> (Arat., Nonn.) beside <b class="b3">ὀπισθό-τερος</b> (Arat.). -- Besides <b class="b3">ὀπίσ(σ)ω</b> (Il.), Aeol. <b class="b3">ὑπίσσω</b> (Sapph.) [[backward]], [[afterwards]] with <b class="b3">ὀπισώ-τατος</b> (hell.); <b class="b3">ἐξ-οπίσω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Il.) a.o. -- Cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 133 f.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [323] <b class="b2">*h₁epi</b>, <b class="b2">h₁opi</b> <b class="b2">close upon, at, behind</b><br />Etymology: In <b class="b3">ὄπι-θεν</b> seems a noun or adv. <b class="b3">ὄπι</b> to be retained, that is also seen in Myc. [[opi]] and in <b class="b3">κατ-όπιν</b> (IA.) a. perh. still functions as acc. (Schwyzer 625); cf. on [[ὀπώρα]]; to this <b class="b3">ὄπι-σ-θεν</b> like <b class="b3">πρόσ-θεν</b> and <b class="b3">ὀπίσ(σ)-ω</b>. The last may stand for <b class="b3">*ὀπι-τι̯ω</b>, cf. on <b class="b3">εἴσ-ω</b> s. [[εἰς]] w. lit.; see also Gusmani A.I.O.N. 3 (1961) 41ff. -- For connections outside Greek s. <b class="b3">ἔπι</b>; <b class="b2">o-</b>ablaut also in Lat. [[ob]] a.o.; on this w. rich lit. W.-Hofmann s.v.