δῆμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. δᾶμος (cf. infr. IV), ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[district]], [[country]], [[land]], Βοιωτοὶ μάλα πίονα δ. ἔχοντες <span class="bibl">Il.5.710</span>; Λυκίης ἐν πίονι δ. <span class="bibl">16.437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.13.322</span>, etc.; 'Ιθάκης ἐνὶ δ. <span class="bibl">1.103</span>; δήμῳ ἔνι Τρώων <span class="bibl">13.266</span>; λαοὶ ἀνὰ δῆμον <span class="bibl">16.95</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">δῆμος ὀνείρων</b> <b class="b2">the land</b> of dreams, <span class="bibl">24.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> the [[people]], [[inhabitants]] of such a district, πόληΐ τε παντί τε δήμῳ <span class="bibl">Il.3.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span>271</span>; Βακτρίων ἔρρει πανώλης δ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>732</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> hence (since the common people lived in the country, the chiefs in the city), <b class="b2">the commons, common people</b>, <b class="b3">δήμου ἀνήρ</b>, opp. <b class="b3">βασιλεύς, ἔξοχος ἀνήρ</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">Il.2.198</span>,<span class="bibl">188</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">11.328</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>261</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.66</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>12.22</span>, etc. (rarely of a single person, <b class="b3">δῆμον ἐόντα</b> being <b class="b2">a commoner</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.213</span>); opp. <b class="b3">οἱ εὐδαίμονες</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.196</span>; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ παχέες</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.5.30</span>; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ δυνατοί</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.4</span>; οἱ… ἐπαναστάντες τοῖς δυνατοῖς καὶ ὄντες δῆμος <span class="bibl">Id.8.73</span>; = Lat. [[plebs]], <span class="bibl">D.H.6.88</span>, etc.; τοῦ πολλοῦ δ. εἷς <b class="b2">unus de plebe</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Sat.</span>2</span>; τοῦ δ. ὤν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Gall.</span>22</span>; in an army, <b class="b2">rank and file</b>, opp. officers, ὁ δ. τῶν στρατιωτῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., δ. ἰχθύων <span class="bibl">Antiph. 206.7</span>; τυράννων <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VS</span>1.15.1</span>; πιθήκων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">VA</span>3.4</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρνέων</b> <span class="bibl">Alciphr.3.30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in a political sense, <b class="b2">the sovereign people, the free citizens</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>199</span>,<span class="bibl">1011</span>, etc.; ὁ δ. ὁ Ἀθηναίων <span class="title">IG</span>12.10.37, etc.; προστάτης τοῦ δήμου <span class="bibl">Th.6.35</span>, etc.; personified, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>42</span>, al.; ἱερεὺς τοῦ Δ. καὶ τῶν Χαρίτων <span class="title">IG</span>22.1028. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[popular government]], [[democracy]], opp. <b class="b3">ὀλιγαρχίη</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span>; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ τύραννοι</b>, <span class="bibl">And.1.106</span>; πολίτεομα εἶναι ἐν Χίῳ δ. <span class="title">SIG</span>283.4 (iv B. C.); δήμου κατάλυσις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.3.28</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Ath.</span>8.4</span>; ταῦτα καταλύει δῆμον, οὐ κωμῳδία <span class="bibl">Philippid.25.7</span>; <b class="b3">δ. καταστῆσαι, καταπαύειν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.3.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.107</span>: in pl., [[democracies]], <span class="bibl">Id.3.82</span>, <span class="bibl">D.20.15</span>; δ. ὁ ἔσχατος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1277b3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">the popular assembly</b>, λέγειν ἐν τῷ δ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>565b</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ βουλὴ καὶ ὁ δ</b>., formula in Inscrr., as <span class="title">IG</span>12.39, etc.; of the [[assembly]] of Oxyrhynchus, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>41.19</span> (iii/iv A. D.), <span class="bibl">1407.19</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[township]], [[commune]] ( = Dor. <b class="b3">κώμη</b> acc. to <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1448a37</span>; but διελόμενοι τὴν μὲν πόλιν κατὰ κώμας, τὴν δὲ χώραν κατὰ δήμους <span class="bibl">Isoc.7.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>746d</span>, and v. infr.), in Attica, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.69</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>21.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.9.1.16</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.76.9, al.; elsewh., ib.12(5).594 (Ceos), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phib.</span>1.28.13</span> (iii A. D.), <span class="title">OGI</span>49.14 (Ptolemais), etc.:—Dor. δᾶμος, <span class="title">Michel</span>418.34 (Calymna), <span class="title">IG</span>12(1).58.23 (Lindos): in indications of origin, Σωφάνης ἐκ δ. Δεκελεῆθεν <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.73</span>; δήμου Ἁλαιεύς <span class="bibl">Antiph.211</span>; τῶν δήμων Πιτθεύς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthphr.</span>2b</span>; τῶν δ. Θορίκιος <span class="bibl">D.39.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>21.4</span>; ἐπιγράψαι τοὺς βουλευτὰς πατρόθεν καὶ τοῦ δ. <span class="title">IG</span>22.223<span class="hiitalic">B</span>4: metaph., οἱ τῆς θαλάσσης δ. <span class="bibl">Philostr. <span class="title">Gym.</span> 44</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> name for a prostitute, <span class="bibl">Archil.184</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> [[faction]] in the circus, <span class="title">Tab.Defix.Aud.</span>15.8 (Syria, iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> = [[κατανάγκη]], Ps.-Dsc.4.131. (Perh. cognate with Skt. <b class="b2">dā´ti</b> 'reap', <b class="b3">δαίομαι, δατέομαι</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[land]], [[territory]] (as opposed to the town), [[people]] (Il.); in Athens also a part of the phylai, a deme.<br />Dialectal forms: Dor. <b class="b3">δᾶμος</b><br />Compounds: Of the compounds only <b class="b3">δημοκρατία</b> <b class="b2">government of the people</b> (Ion.-Att.), after <b class="b3">ὀλιγαρχία</b>, <b class="b3">μοναρχία</b> (<b class="b3">δημαρχία</b> = <b class="b2">the office of δήμαρχος</b>); further Debrunner Festschrift Edouard Tièche (Bern 1947) 11ff.<br />Derivatives: (Dor. forms are not mentioned separately.) Substantives: dimin. <b class="b3">δημίδιον</b>, <b class="b3">δημακίδιον</b> (Ar.) - <b class="b3">δημότης</b>, Dor. also <b class="b3">δαμέτας</b> (Karpathos) <b class="b2">man from the people</b> (Ion.-Att. Dor.) with two normal adj.: <b class="b3">δημόσιος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the people, state, public</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">δημοσιεύω</b> intr. <b class="b2">serve the state</b>, also tr. <b class="b2">make public</b> and <b class="b3">δημοσιόω</b> [[confiscate]], [[make public]] with <b class="b3">δημοσίωσις</b>. <b class="b3">δημοτικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the people, useful for the people, democratic</b>; on the difference between <b class="b3">δημόσιος</b> and <b class="b3">δημοτικός</b> Chantr. Form. 392; - fem. <b class="b3">δημότις</b>; denomin. <b class="b3">δημοτεύομαι</b> <b class="b2">be δημότης, belong to a demos</b> (Att.). - Adject.: <b class="b3">δήμιος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the people, public</b> (Od.), <b class="b3">ὁ δήμιος</b> euphemist. [[executioner]] (Att., Benveniste Sprache 1, 121), <b class="b3">δημώδης</b> <b class="b2">according to the people</b> (Pl.), <b class="b3">δημόσυνος</b> surname of Artemis (Athens IV-IIIa), <b class="b3">δημότερος</b> <b class="b2">belonging to the people</b> (Call.; after <b class="b3">ἀγρότερος</b>). - Denomin. <b class="b3">δημεύω</b> [[make public]], [[confiscate]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">δήμευσις</b> and <b class="b3">δημεῖαι αἱ τῶν δήμων συστάσεις</b> H.; <b class="b3">δημόομαι</b> [[sing]], [[explain publicly]] (Pi.) with <b class="b3">δαμώματα τὰ δημοσίᾳ ᾳ᾽δόμενα</b> (Ar. Pax 797); <b class="b3">δημίζω</b> <b class="b2">act as friend of the people</b> (Ar. V. 699). - Adv. <b class="b3">δημόθεν</b> <b class="b2">from the people, on communal costs</b> (Od.). -<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [176] <b class="b2">*deh₂-mo-</b> [[people]]<br />Etymology: On [[δημιουργός]] s. v. Celtic agrees with OIr. [[dām]] [[followers]], [[crowd]], OWelsh [[dauu]] [[cliens]], NWelsh <b class="b2">daw(f</b>) <b class="b2">son-in-law</b>, OCorn. [[dof]] [[gener]]; only this is an <b class="b2">ā-</b>stem; so IE <b class="b2">*dāmos</b> orig. fem.? (Pedersen Hittitisch 52). Orig. [[part]], if an <b class="b2">m-</b>deriv. from a verb [[divide]], s. [[δαίομαι]]. So <b class="b2">*deh₂-mo-</b>. - (Not here Hitt. [[damaiš]] [[other]], [[second]]; Pedersen l.c.; see Tischler on [[damaiš]] HEG. 8. 67ff.)