εἰρήνη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(v. infr.), ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[peace]], <span class="bibl">Od.24.486</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπ' εἰρήνης</b> in <b class="b2">time of peace</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.797</span>; ἔθηκε πᾶσιν εἰ. φίλοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>769</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ. τἀκεῖθεν τέκνοις</b> on that side they have [[peace]], have naught to fear, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1004</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ. γίγνεται</b> [[peace]] is made, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.74</span>: hence later, <b class="b2">a peace, treaty of peace</b>, <b class="b3">ἡ βασιλέως εἰ</b>. <span class="title">IG</span>22.103.24, etc.; <b class="b3">εἰ. ποιεῖν 'Αρμενίοις καὶ Χαλδαίοις</b> make [[peace]] between... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.2.12</span>; εἰ. ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">And.3.8</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 2.77</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ. κατεργάζεσθαι, πράττειν</b>, <span class="bibl">And.3.8</span>,<span class="bibl">17</span>; διαπράξασθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span> 6.3.4</span>; <b class="b3">εἰρήνης δεῖσθαι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">2.2.13</span>; <b class="b3">εἰρήνην δέχεσθαι</b> to accept [[it]], ib. <span class="bibl">22</span>; λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">And.3.7</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ. ἄγειν</b> keep [[peace]], be at [[peace]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>386</span>, etc.; πρὸς ἀλλήλους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>465b</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ. ἄγειν</b> (v.l. [[ἔχειν]]) enjoy [[peace]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.6.6</span>; <b class="b3">λύειν</b> break [[it]], <span class="bibl">D.18.71</span>; <b class="b3">πολλὴ εἰ. τινὸς γίγνεται</b> profound [[peace]], <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>329c</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν εἰρήνῃ λέγειν, τὸν βίον διάγειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Smp.</span>189b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>372d</span>; <b class="b3">πόλεμον εἰρήνης χάριν [αἱρεῖσθαι</b>] <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1333a35</span>; <b class="b3">εἰρήνης ἄρξας</b>, = [[εἰρηναρχήσας]], <span class="title">IGRom.</span>3.784, cf. 452. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">the goddess of peace</b>, daughter of Zeus and Themis, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>902</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>13.7</span>, B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>3.1, <span class="title">IG</span>3.170, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cim.</span>13</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Pythag. name for [[three]], Theol.Ar. 16; for [[six]], ib.37. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Hebraism in LXX, <b class="b3">ἐρωτῆσαί τινα εἰς εἰρήνην</b> [[greet]] a person, inquire after their health, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jd.</span>18.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ki.</span>17.22</span>; <b class="b3">ἐρ. τινὰ τὰ εἰς εἰ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">10.4</span>; so ἐπερωτᾶν εἰς εἰ. τοῦ πολέμου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">2 Ki.</span>11.7</span>; in salutations, <b class="b3">εἰ. σοι</b>; <span class="bibl"><span class="title">4 Ki.</span>4.26</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>24.36</span>, al.; εἰ. ἡ εἴσοδός σου <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>2.13. (ϝειράνα <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).1509 (Sparta, iv B. C., dub.); <b class="b3">ἰράνα</b> ib.4.917 (Epid.), 12(3).29.12 (Telos); cf. Boeot. <b class="b3">πολέμω καἰράνας</b> ib.7.2407, but Cret. πολέμω χ[ἰ]ρήνας <span class="title">GDI</span>5018.5; <b class="b3">εἰρήνα</b> Pi.l.c., B.l.c., <span class="title">SIG</span>241.80 (Delph., iv B. C.), later εἰράνα <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).935.14 (ii B. C.).)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">peace, time of peace</b> (Il.), cf. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 183ff., later <b class="b2">peace-treaty</b>, in the LXX also <b class="b2">(wish) of blessing</b> as Hebraism (Wackernagel IF 31, 263f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1240f.); as name of a goddess daughter of Zeus and Themis (Hes.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">ἰράνα</b> (Dor., Boeot., Arc. etc.), also <b class="b3">ἰρήνα</b> (Gort. IIa: <b class="b3">χ[ἱ]ρήνας</b> gen.; asp. sec.), <b class="b3">ἰρείνα</b> Thess.), <b class="b3">εἰρήνα</b> (Delph. IVa, Pi., B.), <b class="b3">εἰράνα</b> (NWGgr. etc.), <b class="b3">εἴρηνα</b> (Aeol., gramm.), <b class="b3">Εἰρήνα</b>, <b class="b3">-άνη</b> (EN, Lycia)<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">εἰρηνο-ποιός</b> (X.) a. o.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">εἰρηναῖος</b> [[peaceful]] (Hdt.), <b class="b3">εἰρηνικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to peace</b> (Att. hell.; after <b class="b3">πολεμικός</b>; Chantraine, Études sur le vocab. grec 151); denomin. verb <b class="b3">εἰρηνεύω</b> <b class="b2">keep peace, live in peace</b> (Pl.) with <b class="b3">εἰρήνευσις</b> (Iamb.), <b class="b3">εἰρηνέω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist., after <b class="b3">πολεμέω</b>). - On the Lacon. PN <b class="b3">Ϝειράνα</b> s. Kretschmer Glotta 7, 332, Bechtel <b class="b3">Ἀντίδωρον</b> 155.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The many dialect forms cannot be combined under one form but must be loans with incomplete adaptation (Leumann Hom. Wörter 277 w. n. 27). The original anlaut is perh. after a hesitating suggestion of Wackernagel IF 25, 327 n. 1 (Kl. Schr. 1023 a. 1) a in Ionic and elsewhere pronounced open <b class="b3">ἰρ-</b>, which was in Attic first rendered by <b class="b3">ἐ-</b>, later by <b class="b3">εἰρ-</b>; the Attic orthography became dominant. The meaning of <b class="b3">-ρήνη</b>, <b class="b3">-ράνα</b> etc. is uncertain; cf. Schwyzer 189. - No etymology; Pre-Greek origin is very prob. already because of the ending (<b class="b3">Ἀθήνη</b>, <b class="b3">Μυκήνη</b> etc.); thus e. g. Chantraine Formation 206). - Further see Brugmann and Keil Sächs. Ber. 68 : 3, 4 (1916); Kretschmer Glotta 10, 238f.; further Trümpy l.c.