νῶτον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, or νῶτος, ὁ, pl. always <b class="b3">νῶτα, τά</b> in early writers (<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> οἱ νῶτοι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">3 Ki.</span>7.19(33)</span>) : the gender of thesg. is undetermined in Hom. and Hes. ; neut. in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.28</span>, <span class="bibl">4.83</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>237</span>, <span class="bibl">643</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>289</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pax</span>747</span>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.132.6</span> (anap.), and always in Att. acc. to Phryn. 257, etc. : acc. <b class="b3">νῶτον</b> is masc. in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>2</span>.&lt;*&gt;<span class="bibl">0</span>,<span class="bibl">40</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.</span>3.3</span> (as cited by Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.215</span>), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>512b17</span>, <span class="bibl">544a6</span>, <span class="bibl">Ephor.224J.</span> :—[[back]], both cf men and animals : sg., of a man, <span class="bibl">Il.5.147</span>, <span class="bibl">13.289</span>, etc. ; of a boar, <b class="b3">φρίσσεινῶτον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">473</span> ; ν.… ὄϊος καὶ πίονος αἰγός <span class="bibl">9.207</span> ; of horses, ἐπὶ νῶτον ἐῗσαι <span class="bibl">2.765</span> ; of an eagle, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.9</span> : pl. freq. used in Poets in sense of sg., δράκων ἐπὶ νῶτα δαφοινός <span class="bibl">Il.2.308</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.6.225</span>, etc. : sts. in Ep. of the [[chine]] of an animal served as food, <b class="b3">νῶτα βοὸς… πίονα</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.65</span> ; νώτοισιν δ' Ὀδυσῆα διηνεκέεσσι γέραιρεν <span class="bibl">14.437</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.7.321</span> ; of men in battle, <b class="b3">τὰ νῶτα ἐντρέψαι</b> to turn <b class="b2">the back</b>, i.e. flee, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.211</span> ; <b class="b3">νῶτον ἐπιστρέψαι</b> Orac.ib.<span class="bibl">141</span> ; σν μὴ δῷς ν. μηδενί <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>21.8</span> (ii B. C.) ; δοτέον τὰ ν. Plu.2.787f ; δεῖξαι νῶτα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Marc.</span>12</span> (this phrase also of the winner in a race, <span class="title">AP</span>9.557 (Antip. Thess.)) ; πίπτειν ἐπὶ νώτῳ <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>91</span>(lyr.) ; <b class="b3">κατὰ νώτου</b> in [[rear]], κατὰ νώτου γενέσθαι τινός <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">10</span> ; <b class="b3">τὸ στρατόπεδον κατὰ ν. λαβεῖν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">75</span> ; κατὰ ν. βοηθεῖν <span class="bibl">Th.1.62</span>, etc. ; κατὰ νῶτα <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.84</span> ; [[back]] of the finger, Procop. Gaz.<span class="title">Ecphr.</span> 168.11. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., <b class="b2">any wide surface</b>, esp. of the sea, ἐπ' εὐρέα νῶτα θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">Il.2.159</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.142</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>762</span> ; ἐν νώτοισι ποντίας ἁλός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>129</span> ; <b class="b3">πόντου 'πὶ νώτοις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">774</span> ; also of the land, σχίζε ν. γᾶς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.228</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">26</span> ; χθονὸς ν. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>46</span> ; of the sky, ἀστεροειδέα ν. αἰθέρος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>114a</span>p.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>1067</span>(lyr.) ; ἐπὶ τῷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ν. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 247c</span> ; but <b class="b3">ἕσπερα ν</b>. the [[evening]], i.e. [[western]], [[sky]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>731</span>(lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[ridge]] of a hill or rock, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.87</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>128</span>(lyr.) ; of a tomb, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hel.</span>842</span>, etc. ; of a chariot, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>572</span> (anap.) ; of a saw, <span class="title">AP</span>6.204 (Leon.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[nave]] of a wheel, LXX l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[back]] of a page, Gal. 15.624 ; τὰ κατὰ νώτου <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1725.9</span> (iii A.D.). (Perh. cf. Lat. <b class="b3">νᾰτες</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: sec. <b class="b3">τὸν νῶτον</b> (acc.) and <b class="b3">οἱ νῶτοι</b> (Egli Heteroklisie 84ff.) [[back]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">νωτο-φόρος</b> <b class="b2">carrying om the back</b>, m. [[bearer]], n. <b class="b2">beast of burden</b> (X., hell.) with <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (D. S.); <b class="b3">ποικιλό-νωτος</b> <b class="b2">with motley back</b> (Pi., E.)<br />Derivatives: Adj. <b class="b3">νωτ-ιαῖος</b> (Hp., Pl., E.; Chantraine Form. 49), also <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> (Nic.), <b class="b3">-ιος</b> (Ti. Locr.) <b class="b2">belonging to the back</b>, f. <b class="b3">-ιάς</b> (Hp.). Subst. <b class="b3">νωτιδανός</b> m. <b class="b2">kind of shark</b> (Arist.; on the formation Schwyzer 530), also <b class="b3">ἐπινωτιδεύς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Epaen. ap. Ath. 7, 294 d; explanation uncertain, s. Thompson Fishes s.v.; diff. Strömberg Fischnamen 49f.; cf. also Bosshardt 86); <b class="b3">νωτεύς</b> m. <b class="b2">beast of burden</b> (Poll., H.; Bosshardt l.c.). Verb <b class="b3">νωτίζω</b>, also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b2">turn ones back, cover one's back, besmear, beat on the back</b> (trag.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 5, 287) with <b class="b3">νώτισμα</b> n. <b class="b2">cover of the back</b> = [[wing]] (Trag. Adesp.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: No certain cognates. One compares since Curtius 320 Lat. [[natis]], [[natēs]], gen. pl. <b class="b2">-ium</b> f. <b class="b2">the buttock</b>, s. W.-Hofmann s.v. with further attempts at connection.