σποδός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">wood-ashes, embers</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.375</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>238</span>: generally, [[ashes]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.140</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπ' Ἰσμηνοῦ τε μαντεία σ</b>., of <b class="b2">the ashes</b> of an altar, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>1007</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.35</span>; σ. ἱερὰ ἡ ἐκ τοῦ βωμοῦ <span class="title">SIG</span>1171.18 (Lebena); of the dead, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>435</span>,<span class="bibl">443</span> (both lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>687</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>758</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀμφὶ σποδὸν κάρᾳ κεχύμεθα</b>, in sign of mourning, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>827</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">1160</span>; σποδὸς δὲ τἄλλα, Περικλέης, Κόδρος, Κίμων <span class="bibl">Alex.25.12</span>:—death by plunging into a room filled with ashes, αὐτήν μιν ῥῖψαι ἐς οἴκημα σποδοῦ πλέον <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.100</span>; as a Persian punishment (cf. Val. <span class="bibl">Max.9.2.6</span>), εἰς τὴν σποδὸν ἐμβάλλεται <span class="bibl">Ctes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>29.48</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">51</span>, al., <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">2 Ma.</span>13.5</span> sq.—There seems to be no difference in sense between <b class="b3">σποδός</b> and <b class="b3">τέφρα</b>: both occur in Trag., the latter alone in Att. Prose. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[dust]], τῆς χαμᾶθεν σποδοῦ <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.172</span>; <b class="b3">μετρεῖν τὴν σ</b>., of labour in vain, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Epict.</span>3.26.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[oxide]] of certain metals, <b class="b3">σ. Κυπρίη</b> copper [[oxide]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.104</span>; σ. Ἰλλυριῶτις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ulc.</span>13</span>; σ. χρυσῖτις <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.103</span>, cf. Dsc.5.75. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> metaph., <b class="b3">κυλίκων, πίθων σ</b>., of a bibulous old woman, 'soaker', 'sponge', <span class="title">AP</span> 6.291, 7.455 (Leon.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[lava]], <span class="bibl">Str.6.2.3</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">ash, ember, metal ashes, dust</b> (Ion. ι 375, trag. a. o.).<br />Compounds: Compp. <b class="b3">σποδο-ειδής</b> <b class="b2">ash-coloured</b> (Hp., Arist. a.o.), <b class="b3">ἔν-σποδος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Dsc.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 128 a. 130).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σποδ-ιά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ιή</b> f. <b class="b2">heap of ashes, ash</b> (ε 488, Hp., E. Cyc. 615 [lyr.], Pl. Com., LXX, AP a. o.; Scheller Oxytonierung 67) with <b class="b3">-ιώδης</b> <b class="b2">ash-coloured</b> (Erot.), <b class="b3">-ιαῖος</b> <b class="b2">id., gilvus</b> (Gloss.), <b class="b3">-ιάς</b> f. <b class="b2">wild plum, Prunus insititia (?)</b> (Thphr.). 2. <b class="b3">-ιον</b> n. <b class="b2">metal ash</b> (Poseidon., Dsc.) with <b class="b3">-ιακός</b> <b class="b2">made of σ.</b> (late medic.). 3. -(<b class="b3">ε)ιος</b> [[ashen]] (Semon. a. o.). 4. <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[ashlike]], of colour and taste (App., Gal.). 5. <b class="b3">-ίτης ἄρτος</b> [[bread baked in ashes]] (Hp., Diph.; Redard 91); also <b class="b3">σποδεύς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (s. on <b class="b3">σπολάς</b>). 6. Denominative verbs: a. <b class="b3">σποδ-όομαι</b> <b class="b2">to become ashes</b> (Hp., Lyc., AP), <b class="b3">συνεσποδωμένον συγκεκομ-μένον</b> H.; <b class="b3">-ώσασθαι</b> [[to bestrew with ashes]] (LXX); b. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> [[to roast in the ashes]] (Pl., Ar.), intr. (also wit <b class="b3">ὑπο-</b>) <b class="b2">to become ashen</b> (Dsc.); c. <b class="b3">σποδέω</b>, also with <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπο-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b2">to crunch, to smash, to grind</b>, also sensu obsc., of food <b class="b2">to consume, to swallow</b> (often Ar. a. o. com., A., E.), if prop. <b class="b2">to become dust</b>; cf. <b class="b3">κατα-σποδέω</b> [[to stretch down in the dust]] (A., Ar.); here also <b class="b3">σποδ-όρχης</b> m. [[eunuch]] (Eust.), s. E. Maass RhM 74, 432 ff.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)<br />Etymology: Unexplained. Improbable hypothesis by Grošelj Živa Ant. 1, 129. Older lit. in Bq. -- Furnée 154 convincingly connects <b class="b3">ἄσβολος</b> <b class="b2">soot, dust of coals</b> and <b class="b3">*σπολός</b> in <b class="b3">σπολεύς</b> (but Frisk s.v. <b class="b3">σπολάς</b> takes this as wrong for <b class="b3">*σποδεύς</b>). The word then is Pre-Greek.