ἦ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Adv., never in the form <b class="b3">ἦε</b> (ἠέ): <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> TO CONFIRM an assertion, <b class="b2">in truth, of a surety</b>, ἦ ὀλίγον οἷ παῖδα ἐοικότα γείνατο Τυδεύς <span class="bibl">Il.5.800</span>, etc.; ironically, <span class="bibl">1.229</span>, al.; with concessive force, <b class="b2">it is true that . .</b>: hence, <b class="b2">although . .</b>, ἦ καὶ γένει ὕστερος ἦεν <span class="bibl">3.215</span>: freq. strengthd. by the addition of one or two other Particles, as ἦ ἄρα <span class="bibl">Od.24.193</span>; ἦ ἄρα δή <span class="bibl">Il.13.446</span>; ἦ ῥα <span class="bibl">4.82</span>; ἦ ῥά νυ <span class="bibl">6.215</span>; ἦ γάρ <span class="bibl">1.78</span>; ἦ γάρ τοι <span class="bibl">Od.16.199</span>; ἦ δή <span class="bibl">Il.2.272</span>; ἦ δή που <span class="bibl">21.583</span>; ἦ δῆτα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>429</span>; ἦ θην <span class="bibl">Il.20.452</span>; ἦ κάρτα <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">El.</span>1279</span>; ἦ μάλα <span class="bibl">Il.3.204</span>; ἦ μάλα δή <span class="bibl">5.422</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> and <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> (v. infr.); ἦ νυ <span class="bibl">Il.22.11</span>; ἦ τάχα <span class="bibl">Od.18.73</span>; ἦ τε <span class="bibl">13.211</span>: and to express doubt, <b class="b3">ἦ που</b>, v. [[ἦ που]] and <b class="b3">ποῦ</b>: esp. <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b> used in oaths and asseverations, <span class="bibl">Il.2.291</span>, <span class="bibl">7.393</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>73</span>, <span class="bibl">168</span>, etc.; also ἦ μάν <span class="bibl">Il.2.370</span>, <span class="bibl">13.354</span>, <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>23.5</span>; ἦ μέν <span class="bibl">Od.10.65</span>(later <b class="b3">εἶ μήν</b>, v. [[εἷ]]): c. inf. in orat. obliq., after Verbs of swearing, etc., σὺ δὲ σύνθεο, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μέν μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν <span class="bibl">Il.1.77</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ μέν</b> also in Ion. historical Prose, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.154</span>, <span class="bibl">5.93</span>, al.; ἐγγυᾶσθαι, ἦ μὴν παραμενεῖν <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>115d</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγγυητὰς καταστῆσαι ἦ μὴν ἐκτείσειν</b> Lexap.<span class="bibl">D.24.39</span>: with other Particles, ἦ μὲν δή <span class="bibl">Il.2.798</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.257</span>, al.; ἦ δὴ μάν <span class="bibl">Il.17.538</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in the combinations <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ, ὅτι ἢ</b> and <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b>; <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>255.5</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Synt.</span>307.19</span>(cf. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.520</span>), recognizes an 'expletive' <b class="b3">ἠ</b> (παραπληρωματικὸς σύνδεσμος) perispom. after <b class="b3">ἐπεί</b>, barytone after <b class="b3">ὅτι</b> or <b class="b3">τί</b>. It is prob. the same as the affirmative <b class="b3">ἦ</b> (cf. A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>l.c.), and occurs in the same combinations, ἐπεὶ ἦ πολύ . . <span class="bibl">Il.1.169</span>, al.; <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ ἦ μάλα</b> ib. <span class="bibl">156</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.465</span>; ἐπεὶ ἦ καί . . <span class="bibl">Il.20.437</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.16.442</span>. Trypho took <b class="b3">τίη</b> as one word, and this can be supported by τί ἢ δὲ σύ . . <span class="bibl">Il.6.55</span>, but A.D. (<span class="title">Conj.</span>l.c.) infers from the accent of <b class="b3">ὅτι ἢ</b> that <b class="b3">τί ἢ</b> was two words. The Attic accentuation is said by <span class="bibl">Eust.45</span> init., <span class="bibl">118.39</span>, <span class="bibl">907.14</span> to be <b class="b3">τιή, ὁτιή</b>(qq. v.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> this <b class="b3">ἦ</b> (or <b class="b3">ἢ</b>) is prob. to be recognized in ὥς τε γὰρ ἦ <span class="bibl">Il.2.289</span>, ὥς τέ τευ ἦ <span class="bibl">Od.3.348</span>, <span class="bibl">19.109</span>, where codd. have <b class="b3">ἢ</b> (in <span class="bibl">Od.3.348</span> <b class="b3">ἠδέ</b> (cj. Bekker) shd. perh. be read for <b class="b3">ἠέ</b>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in Questions not involving alternatives: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> Direct questions, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> epexegetic of a preceding question, suggesting the answer to it, <b class="b3">τίπτ' εἰλήλουθας; ἦ ἵνα ὕβριν ἴδῃ Ἀγαμέμνονος</b>; why hast thou come? <b class="b2">is it</b> that thou mayst see . . ? <span class="bibl">Il.1.203</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">5.466</span>,<span class="bibl">7.26</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.710</span>,<span class="bibl">13.418</span>, <span class="bibl">17.376</span>, <span class="bibl">B.17.5</span>; <b class="b3">τί δῆτα χρῄζεις; ἦ με γῆς ἔξω βαλεῖν</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>622</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1425</span> (<b class="b3">ἤ</b> codd.); <b class="b3">τίς σοι διηγεῖτο; ἦ αὐτὸς Σωκράτης</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>173a</span> (perispom., cod. B): on the accent, Hdn. Gr.<span class="bibl">2.112</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> not epexegetic of a preceding question, <b class="b3">ἦ σύ γ' Ὀδυσσεύς ἐσσι πολύτροπος</b>; art thou the wily Odysseus? <span class="bibl">Od.10.330</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Il.11.666</span>, <span class="bibl">15.504</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐκ ὀτρύνοντος ἀκούετε . . Ἕκτορος</b>; do you not hear . .? ib.<span class="bibl">506</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.16.424</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ τὸ πλοῖον ἀφῖκται</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>43c</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ οὐ δοκεῖ καὶ σοὶ οὕτω</b>; don't you think so too? <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>479b</span> (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ βούλει συλλογισώμεθα αὐτά</b>; shall we work them (the consequences) out? ib.<span class="bibl">479c</span> (perispom., cod. T); <b class="b3">ἦ τορῶς λέγω</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>269</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ κἀν δόμοισι τυγχάνει τανῦν παρών</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>757</span>: freq. with other Particles, <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.20.166</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.19.56</span>; mostly <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα . .</b>; <span class="bibl">5.421</span>, <span class="bibl">762</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.632</span>; also in Trag. (in lyr.), <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>633</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>172</span>, <span class="bibl">955</span>: esp. to mark the first of several questions, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>7(6).3</span> sqq.; <b class="b3">ἦ ἄρα δή . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Il.13.446</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ ῥά νυ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">4.93</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ νυ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">15.128</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δή . .</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>565</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>385</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ ταῦτα δῆτα . .</b>; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>429</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 745</span>, <span class="bibl">757</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1000</span>: in Att. Prose, <b class="b3">ἦ γάρ</b>; standing alone, <b class="b2">is it not so?</b> <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>160e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>449d</span>, <span class="bibl">468d</span>; <b class="b3">ἦ καί . .</b>; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1207</span>, <span class="bibl">1362</span>:—<b class="b3">ἦ</b> usu. begins the sentence, except that the vocative may precede, as in <span class="bibl">Il.5.421</span>, <span class="bibl">762</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.632</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>863</span>, <span class="bibl">1102</span>, or <b class="b3">ἀλλά</b>, as in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>276</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>774</span>:—by Crasis <b class="b3">ἦ</b> combines with <b class="b3">ἄρα</b> in Att. and the <b class="b3">κοινή</b> to <b class="b3">ἆρα</b> (q. v.), in all other dialects (cf. <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Conj.</span>223.24</span>) to <b class="b3">ἦρα</b> (q. v.), but <b class="b3">ἆρα</b> is found in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.78</span> (<b class="b3">ἄρα</b> codd.), al., <span class="bibl">Archil.86</span>, <span class="bibl">89</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Indirect questions, οἴχετο πευσόμενος μετὰ σὸν κλέος ἤ που ἔτ' εἴης <span class="bibl">Od. 13.415</span> (v.l. [[εἰ]], which alone has Ms. authority in <span class="bibl">Il.1.83</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.325</span>); ὄφρα καὶ Ἕκτωρ εἴσεται ἢ καὶ ἐμὸν δόρυ μαίνεται ἐν παλάμῃσιν <span class="bibl">Il.8.111</span> (v.l. [[εἰ]]) <b class="b3">; ἀλλ' ἄγε μοι τόδε εἰπὲ . . ἢ καὶ Λαέρτῃ αὐτὴν ὁδὸν ἄγγελος ἔλθω</b>; <span class="bibl">Od.16.138</span> (v.l. [[εἰ]]) <b class="b3">; ἀμφίστασθαι ἦ κα πεφυτεύκωντι πάντα κὰτ τὰν συνθήκαν</b> they shall investigate <b class="b2">whether .</b>. Tab.Heracl.1.125; μαντεύσασθαί οἱ. . ἦ λώϊόν οἵ κα εἴη <span class="bibl">Isyll.34</span>; διαφαφίξασθαι ἦ δοκεῖ αὐτὸν στεφανῶσαι <span class="title">IG</span>12(3).170.12 (Astypalaea): accented <b class="b3">ἤ</b> in codd. Hom., but it shd. perh. be perispom.</span><br /><span class="bld">ἦ</span>, for <b class="b3">ἔφη</b>, 3sg. impf. or aor. 2 of <b class="b3">ἠμί</b> (q. v.). ἦ, for <b class="b3">ἦν</b>, Att. contr. from lon. <b class="b3">ἔα</b>, impf. of <b class="b3">εἰμί</b> (<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[sum]]).</span>