ὅπλον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[tool]], [[implement]], mostly in pl., like [[ἔντεα]], [[τεύχεα]]: (prob. from <b class="b3">ἕπω</b> A): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> a ship's [[tackle]], [[tackling]], Hom.(only in Od.), <span class="bibl">2.390</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>627</span> ; esp. [[ropes]], [[halyards]], etc., δησάμενοι δ' ἄρα ὅπλα <span class="bibl">Od. 2.430</span>, etc.; in which sense Hom. twice uses the sg., [[rope]], <span class="bibl">14.346</span>, <span class="bibl">21.390</span>: generally, <b class="b2">any ropes</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.25</span>, <span class="bibl">9.115</span>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>78</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[tools]], strictly so called, in Hom. esp. of <b class="b2">smiths' tools</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.409</span>,<span class="bibl">412</span> ; in full, ὅπλα χαλκήϊα <span class="bibl">Od.3.433</span> : in sg., <b class="b3">ὅπλον ἀρούρης</b> sickle, <span class="title">AP</span>6.95 (Antiphil) ; <b class="b3">ὅπλον γεροντικόν</b> staff, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>1.7</span> ; <b class="b3">δείπνων ὅπλον ἑτοιμότατον</b>, of the wine-flask, <span class="title">AP</span>6.248 (Marc. Arg.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in pl., also, <b class="b2">implements of war, arms</b> and [[armour]], Hom. (only in Il.), <b class="b3">αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πάνθ' ὅπλα κάμε</b>, of the [[arms]] of Achilles, <span class="bibl">18.614</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">19.21</span> ; ὅπλοισιν ἔνι δεινοῖσιν ἐδύτην <span class="bibl">10.254</span>,<span class="bibl">272</span> ; so in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.27</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12.1.9, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 14</span>, etc.: rarely in sg., [[weapon]], οὐδέ τι ἀρήϊον ὅπλον ἐκτέαται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">174</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>161</span>,<span class="bibl">570</span>,<span class="bibl">942</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>474a</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.4.15</span> ; <b class="b3">ποτὶ πονηρὸν οὐκ ἄχρηστον ὅπλον ἁ πονηρία</b> [Epich.]<span class="bibl">275</span> ; <b class="b2">piece of armour</b>, <span class="bibl">D.S.3.49</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">the large shield</b>, from which the men-at-arms took their name of <b class="b3">ὁπλῖται</b> (εἰκόνα γραπτὴν ἐν ὅπλῳ <span class="title">IG</span>22.1012.18 (ii B. C.), cf. <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.1302.35 (Cyme, i B. C./i A. D.), <span class="bibl">Th.7.75</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.15.44</span>, <span class="bibl">17.18</span>); ὅπλον στύππινον <span class="title">IG</span>11(2).203 <span class="title">B</span>99 (Delos, iii B. C.) : metaph., τῆς πενίας ὅπλον ἡ παρρησία <span class="bibl">Nicostr.Com.29</span>; ὅ. μέγιστον . . ἁρετὴ βροτοῖς <span class="bibl">Men. <span class="title">Mon.</span>433</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">619</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in pl., also, <b class="b2">heavy arms</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.53</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅπλων ἐπιστάτης</b>, = [[ὁπλίτης]], opp. <b class="b3">κώπης ἄναξ</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>379</span> ; ὁ πόλεμος οὐχ ὅπλων τὸ πλέον ἀλλὰ δαπάνης <span class="bibl">Th.1.83</span> ; ὅπλα παραδοῦναι <span class="bibl">Id.4.69</span> ; ὅπλα ἀποβάλλειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>27</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὅπλα</b>, = [[ὁπλῖται]], <b class="b2">men-at-arms</b>, πολλῶν μεθ' ὅπλων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>115</span> (lyr.): and freq. in Prose, <b class="b3">ἐξέτασιν ὅπλων ποιεῖσθαι</b> to have a muster <b class="b2">of the men-at-arms</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.74</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ ἐπὶ τῶν ὅπλων στρατηγός</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ὁ ἐπὶ τῆς διοικήσεως</b>, Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">D.18.38</span>, Decr.ib. 115 ; χειροτονηθεὶς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ. πρῶτος . . στρατηγός <span class="title">IG</span>22.682.44 (iii B. C.); στρατηγεῖν ἐπὶ τὰ ὅ. <span class="title">SIG</span>697 <span class="title">E</span> (Delph., ii B. C.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">τὰ ὅ</b>. <b class="b2">the place of arms, camp</b>, ἦλθεν εἰς τὰ ὅ. <span class="bibl">Lys.13.12</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.5</span>, etc.; ἐκ τῶν ὅ. προϊέναι <span class="bibl">Th.1.111</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> Phrases : <b class="b3">ἐνέδυνον</b> (v.l. [[ἐνέδυντο]]) τὰ ὅ. <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.218</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐν ὅπλοισι εἶναι</b> or <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b> to be <b class="b2">in arms, under arms</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.13</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>303</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.56</span> ; ἐν ὄπλοισι [ἰππομ]άχεντας <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>5.19</span> ; ἐν ὅπλοις μάχεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>456d</span> ; ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις μάχη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>833e</span> ; <b class="b3">ποιῆσαι ἐξέτασιν ἐν ὅπλοις</b> Decr. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>31.2</span> ; εἰς τὰ ὅ. παραγγέλλειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.5.13</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐφ' ὅπλοις</b> or <b class="b3">παρ' ὅπλοις ἧσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>674</span>,<span class="bibl">357</span> ; μένειν ἐπὶ τοῖς ὅπλοις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.2.8</span> ; for <b class="b3">ὅπλα ῥίπτειν, ἀφιέναι, κατατίθεσθαι</b>, v. sub vocc. ; for <b class="b3">ὅπλα τίθεσθαι</b>, v. [[τίθημι]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> of <b class="b2">the arms</b> possessed by animals for self-defence, [τὸν ἄνθρωπον] οὐκ ἔχοντα ὅπλον πρὸς τὴν ἀλκήν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>687a25</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">b4</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">membrum virile</b>, Nic.<span class="title">Fr.</span>74.30, <span class="title">APl.</span>4.242 (Eryc.), Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b2">a gymnastic exercise</b>, the last which came on in the games, <span class="bibl">Artem.1.63</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">implement, tool, instrument, marine instruments, esp. tackles, (heavy) weapon(s)</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: pl. mostly <b class="b3">ὅπλα</b><br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὁπλο-μάχ-ος</b> [[who fights with heavy weapons]], <b class="b3">-έω</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> (Att.). <b class="b3">ἔν-οπλος</b> [[under arms]], [[armed]] (Tyrt., S., E.) with <b class="b3">ιο-</b>enlagrement <b class="b3">ἐν-όπλ-ιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, also subst. (sc. <b class="b3">ῥυθμός</b>) as name of a military [[rhythm]] (Pi.); on <b class="b3">ὑπέρ-οπλος</b> s. v.<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">ὁπλάριον</b> (hell.). 2. <b class="b3">Ο῝πλη-τες</b> pl., gen. <b class="b3">Όπλήθων</b> name of one of the four oldest Ion. phyles (Hdt., Miletos); <b class="b3">-θ-</b> after <b class="b3">πλῆθος</b> or through breath-replacement? (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 156 n. 1, Glotta 32,30). 3. <b class="b3">ὁπλί-της</b> Dor. <b class="b3">-τας</b> m. <b class="b2">heavily armed (warriorr), hoplite</b> (Pi., IA.), f. <b class="b3">-τις</b> (Poll.), with <b class="b3">-τικός</b>, <b class="b3">-τεύω</b>, <b class="b3">-τεία</b> (Att.). 4. <b class="b3">ὁπλ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">pertaining to arms</b> (Vett. Val.). 5. <b class="b3">Όπλεύς</b> m. PN (Hes. Sc., Bosshardt 120: shortened form for <b class="b3">Όπλο-μάχος</b> v.t.?). 6. <b class="b3">Όπλό-σμιος</b> m. surn. of Zeus in Arcadia (Arist., inscr. IIIa), <b class="b3">-σμία</b> f. surn. of Hera in Elis etc. (Lyc.), <b class="b3">-δμία</b> f. name of a phyle in Mantinea (IVa); formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer 208 w. lit. and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 96. 7. <b class="b3">ὁπλίας Λοκροὶ τοὺς τόπους</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν οἷς συνελαύνοντες ἀριθμοῦσι τὰ πρόβατα καὶ τὰ βοσκήματα</b> H.; unclear (s.v.). 8. [[ὁπλότερος]], s. v. -- 9. Denomin. verbs: a) <b class="b3">ὁπλέω</b> = <b class="b3">ὁπλίζω</b> only in <b class="b3">ὥπλεον ζ</b> 73. b) <b class="b3">ὁπλίζω</b>, <b class="b3">-ομαι</b>, aor. <b class="b3">ὁπλίσ(σ)αι</b>, <b class="b3">-ασθαι</b>, <b class="b3">-σθῆναι</b>, late perf. <b class="b3">ὥπλικα</b>, often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐφ-</b>, <b class="b3">καθ-</b>, <b class="b2">to prepare</b>, a.o. of food a. drinks (Hom.), <b class="b2">to arm, to equip (oneself)</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">ὅπλ-ισις</b> f., <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> m. [[arming]], [[armament]], [[equipment]], [[equipage]] (Att.), <b class="b3">-ισμα</b> n. <b class="b2">arm(s)</b> (E., Pl.), <b class="b3">ἐξοπλισ-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">equipment, position, muster, (military) review</b> (X., Ain. Tact. a.o.; on the fomation Schwyzer 469), also <b class="b3">ἐξοπλασία</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist., inscr.; prob. after <b class="b3">δοκιμασία</b>, <b class="b3">γυμνασία</b> a.o.); <b class="b3">ὁπλιστής</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">-τάς</b> m. <b class="b2">armed warrior</b>, also attr. (Vett. Val., AP). c) <b class="b3">ὅπλε-σθαι</b> <b class="b2">to prepare</b> (<b class="b3">δεῖπνον Τ</b> 172, Ψ 159), formation after the themat. root-pres. (Schwyzer 722 f.), if not simply a mistake of the tradition for <b class="b3">ὁπλεῖσθαι</b> with Solmsen Unt. 90 (s. also Risch $ 97. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 311 u. 351). -- On the use of <b class="b3">ὅπλον</b> and derivv. in Hom. s. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 81 ff.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [909] <b class="b2">*sep-</b> [[care]], [[prepare]]<br />Etymology: Greek formation with <b class="b3">λ-</b>suffix and <b class="b3">ο-</b>ablaut (Chantraine Form. 240) from old inherited <b class="b3">ἕπω</b> [[care for]], [[perpetrate]]; s. v. w. lit.