πόρος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, (πείρω, περάω) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">means of passing a river, ford, ferry</b>, <b class="b3">Θρύον Ἀλφειοῖο π</b>. Thryum [[the ford]] of the Alphëus, <span class="bibl">Il.2.592</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>423</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Merc.</span>398</span>; πόρον ἷξον Ξάνθου <span class="bibl">Il.14.433</span>; Ἀξίου π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>493</span>; <b class="b3">ἀπικνέεται ἐς τὸν π.τῆς διαβάσιος</b> to the place of the passage, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.115</span>; π. διαβὰς Ἅλυος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>864</span>(lyr.); τοῦ κατ' Ὠρωπὸν π. μηδὲν πραττέσθω <span class="title">IG</span>12.40.22. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">narrow part of the sea, strait</b>, διαβὰς πόρον Ὠκεανοῖο <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>292</span>; παρ' Ὠκεανοῦ . . ἄσβεστον π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>532</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">π. Ἕλλης</b> (Dor. <b class="b3">Ἕλλας</b>), = [[Ἑλλήσποντος]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>189</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 875</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>308</span>(lyr.); <b class="b3">Ἰόνιος π</b>. the Ionian Sea which is the [[passage-way]] from Greece to Italy, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.53</span>; πέλαγος αἰγαίου πόρου <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>130</span>; <b class="b3">Εὔξεινος, ἄξενος π</b>. (cf. πόντος <span class="bibl">11</span>), <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>1262</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>253</span>; <b class="b3">διάραντες τὸν π</b>., i.e. the sea between Sicily and Africa, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.37.1</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν πόρῳ</b> in the [[passage-way]] (of ships), in the [[fair-way]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.183</span>, <span class="bibl">Th. 1.120</span>, <span class="bibl">6.48</span>; ἐν π. τῆς ναυμαχίης <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.76</span>; ἕως τοῦ π. τοῦ κατὰ τὸν ὅρμον τὸν Ἀφροδιτοπολίτην <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.38.5</span>(iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> periphr., <b class="b3">πόροι ἁλός</b> the [[paths]] of the sea, i.e. the sea, <span class="bibl">Od.12.259</span>; Αἰγαίου πόντοιο πλατὺς π. <span class="bibl">D.P.131</span>; ἐνάλιοι π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>453</span>; <b class="b3">π.ἁλίρροθοι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">367</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>412</span>(lyr.); freq. of rivers, <b class="b3">π. Ἀλφεοῦ, Σκαμάνδρου</b>, i.e. the Alphëus, Scamander, etc., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>1.92</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>366</span>(lyr.), etc.; ῥυτοὶ π. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>452</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">293</span>; <b class="b3">Πλούτωνος π</b>. the river Pluto, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>806</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">βίου π</b>. [[the stream]] of life, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>8(7).15</span>; π. ὕμνων <span class="bibl">Emp.35.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">artificial passage over a river, bridge</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.136</span>,<span class="bibl">140</span>, <span class="bibl">7.10</span>.γ; [[aqueduct]], IG7.93(Megara, V A.D., restd.), <span class="title">Epigr.Gr.</span>1073.4 (Samos). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> generally, [[pathway]], [[way]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 910</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>705</span>(lyr.), etc.; [[track]] of a wild beast, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.40</span>; <b class="b3">αἰθέρα θ' ἁγνὸν πόρον οἰωνῶν</b> their [[pathway]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>284</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ π.εἶναι</b> to be in the [[way]], Sammelb.7356.11(ii A.D.): metaph., πραπίδων πόροι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>94</span>(lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> [[passage through]] a porous substance, [[opening]], <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>1pp.10,18</span> U.; esp. [[passage through]] the skin, <b class="b3">οἱ πόροι</b> the [[pores]] or [[passages]] by which the <b class="b3">ἀπορροαί</b> passed, acc. to Empedocles, πόρους λέγετε εἰς οὓς καὶ δι' ὧν αἱ ἀπορροαὶ πορεύονται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>76c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur. <span class="title">Fr.</span>250</span>, Metrod. <span class="title">Fr.</span>7,<span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.100e</span>; νοητοὶ π. <span class="bibl">S.E.<span class="title">P.</span>2.140</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ὄγκοι</b>, Gal. 10.268; so of sponges, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">HA</span>548b31</span>; of plants, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 905b8</span>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>1.2.4</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HP</span>1.10.5</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of other [[ducts]] or [[openings]] of the body, <b class="b3">π. πρῶτος</b>, of the womb, Hp. ap. <span class="bibl">Poll.2.222</span>; <b class="b3">πόροι σπερματικοί, θορικοὶ π</b>., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span>716b17</span>, <span class="bibl">720b13</span>; <b class="b3">π</b>. ὑστερικοί [[the ovaries]]. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>570a5</span>, al.; <b class="b3">τροφῆς π</b>., of the oesophagus, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>650a15</span>, al.; of the rectum, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">GA</span>719b29</span>; of the urinal duct, ib.<span class="bibl">773a21</span>; of the arteries and veins, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>510a14</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[passages]] leading from the organs of sensation to the brain, ψυχὴ παρεσπαρμένη τοῖς π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ax.</span>366a</span>; οἱ π. τοῦ ὄμματος <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Sens.</span>438b14</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HA</span>495a11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span> 656b17</span>; <b class="b3">ὤτων, μυκτήρων</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">GA</span>775a2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">744a2</span>; of the optic nerves, Heroph. ap. Gal.7.89. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. rei, [[way]] or [[means of achieving]], [[accomplishing]], [[discovering]], etc., οὐκ ἐδύνατο π. οὐδένα τούτου ἀνευρεῖν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.2</span>; οὐδεὶς π. ἐφαίνετο τῆς ἁλώσιος <span class="bibl">Id.3.156</span>; τῶν ἀδοκήτων π. ηὗρε θεός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1418</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">π. ὁδοῦ</b> a [[means of performing]] the journey, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>124</span>; π. ζητήματος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>191a</span>; but also <b class="b3">π. κακῶν</b> a [[means of escaping]] evils, [[a way out]] of them, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>213</span> (lyr.): c. inf., πόρος νοῆσαι <span class="bibl">Emp.4.12</span>; π. εὐθαρσεῖν <span class="bibl">And.2.16</span>; π. τις μηχανή τε . . ἀντιτείσασθαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>260</span>: with Preps., π. ἀμφί τινος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>806</span> codd. (lyr.); <b class="b3">περί τινος</b> dub. in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>653</span>; πόροι πρὸς τὸ πολεμεῖν <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>2.5.20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> abs., <b class="b2">providing, means of providing</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἀπορία</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Men.</span>78d</span> sq.; [[contrivance]], [[device]], οἵας τέχνας τε καὶ π. ἐμησάμην <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 477</span>; <b class="b3">δεινὸς γὰρ εὑρεῖν κἀξ ἀμηχάνων πόρον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">59</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>759</span>; μέγας π. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>111</span>; τίνα π. εὕρω πόθεν; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>356</span> (troch.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">π. χρημάτων</b> a [[way of raising]] money, financial [[provision]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ath.</span>3.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>1.6.12</span>, <span class="bibl">D.1.19</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>7.4263.2 (Oropus, iii B.C.), etc.; ὁ π. τῶν χρ. <span class="bibl">D.4.29</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>12(5).1001.1 (Ios, iv B.C.); without <b class="b3">χρημάτων</b>, <span class="title">SIG</span>284.23 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), etc.; μηχανᾶσθαι προσόδου π. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>75.6</span> (ii B.C.): in pl., <b class="b2">'ways and means', resources, revenue</b>, πόροι χρημάτων <span class="bibl">D. 18.309</span>: abs., πόρους πορίζειν <span class="bibl">Hyp.<span class="title">Eux.</span>37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.9</span> (sg.), <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Rh.</span>1359b23</span>; <b class="b3">πόροι ἢ περὶ προσόδων</b>, title of work by X.: sg., [[source of revenue]], [[endowment]], <span class="title">OGI</span>544.24 (Ancyra, ii A.D.), 509.12,14 (Aphrodisias, ii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[assessable income]] or [[property]], [[taxable estate]], freq. in Pap., as <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1189.11</span> (i A.D.), etc.; [[liability]], PHamb.23.29 (vi A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[journey]], [[voyage]], μακρᾶς κελεύθου π. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span> 546</span>; παρόρνιθας π. τιθέντες <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eu.</span>770</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>116</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐν τῷ π. πλοῖον ἀνατρέψαι</b> on its [[passage]], <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.158</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">Π</b> personified as father of <b class="b3">Ἔρως</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>203b</span>.</span>