σθένος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[strength]], [[power]], [[ability]], [[might]] (almost only ep. poet. Il.).<br />Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀ-σθενής</b> [[without strength]], [[strengthless]] (Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">ἀσθέν-εια</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b>. <b class="b3">-ημα</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσις</b>; also <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Arist. a.o.); second. simplex <b class="b3">σθενής ἰσχυρός</b>, [[καρτερός]] H. Also as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">σθενο-βλαβής</b> [[damaging the strenght]] (Opp.; after <b class="b3">φρενο-βλαβής</b>); PN as <b class="b3">Σθενέ-λαος</b> (after [[Μενέλαος]]), short name [[Σθένελος]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σθεν-αρός</b> [[powerful]] (ep. poet. I 505, also Hp.); after [[βριαρός]], [[στιβαρός]] a. o.; 2. <b class="b3">Σθέν-ιος</b> m., <b class="b3">-ιάς</b> f. surname of Zeus resp. of Athena in Argolis (Paus.); <b class="b3">-εια</b> n. pl. name of a Agon in Argos (Plu.), also f. sg. surn. of Athena (Lyc. 1164; after the womens' names in <b class="b3">-εια</b>). 3. Backformation <b class="b3">σθέν-ω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b> σθένος Q. S.) [[to be strong]], to [[be able]] (only pres. a. ipf.; trag., also late epic a. prose; cf. Schwyzer 723); 4. also <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[to strengthen]] (1. Ep. Pet. 5, 10; fut.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Can have an (<b class="b3">ε)νος-</b>suffix like [[ἄφενος]], [[κτῆνος]] a. o. (Schwyzer 513, Chantraine Form. 420), which DELG doubts; further unclear. Hypothesis by Bolling AmJPh 21, 316: to Skt. <b class="b2">saghnóti</b> <b class="b2">endure, bear, be up to</b>, Av. <b class="b2">a-zg-ata-</b> [[irresistable]], so IE <b class="b2">*sgʷh-énos</b>. Diff. Sommer Lautst.65ff.: for <b class="b3">*σθᾶνος</b> (from <b class="b3">*στα-σνος</b>) with <b class="b3">-ε-</b> after [[μένος]]; phonetically improbable.