ῥίζα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[root]], also metaph. [[origin]], [[stem]], [[base]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aeol. [[βρίζα]], [[βρίσδα]]).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">wiriza \/wriza\/</b>.<br />Compounds: Several compp., a.g. <b class="b3">ῥιζο-τόμος</b> m. <b class="b2">root-cutter, -gatherer, herbalist</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ρριζος</b> [[having many roots]], [[rich in roots]] (Hp., Thphr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. [[ῥιζίον]] n. [[little root]] (Ar., Thphr.), pl. <b class="b3">-έα</b> (Nic., <b class="b3">-εῖα</b> Al. 265), prob. after [[ὀστέα]] beside (Dor.) [[ὀστία]]. 2. [[ῥιζίας]] m. ([[ὀπός]]) [[root juice]] (: [[καυλίας]]; Thphr.). 3. adj. <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ώδης</b> [[rootlike]] (Thphr., Hero), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to roots]] (Plu.), <b class="b3">-ινος</b> [[made of roots]] (PHolm.), <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[serving as a base]] (Sardes). 4. adv. <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ηθεν</b> (A. R.), <b class="b3">-όθεν</b> (Nic., Luc.) [[out of the root]]; <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> [[in a rootlike way]] (Hld.). 5. verb [[ῥιζόομαι]] ([[ἐρρίζωται]]), <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">-ῶσαι</b>), also w. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a.o. <b class="b2">to strike root, to root, to provide with roots, to affirm, to consolidate</b> (Od.; cf. Schwyzer 731, Ure Class Quart. N. S. 5, 226f.) with <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ωμα</b> n. [[original ground]], [[origin]], [[rootworks]] (A., Emp., Thphr.; Porzig Satzinhalte 188f.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. [[striking root]] (Philol., Thphr. a.o.). -- On [[ῥίζα]] and compounds and derivv. extens. Strömberg Theophrastea 5 8 ff.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From Aeol. [[βρίζα]] appears PGr. <b class="b3">*Ϝρίδ-ι̯α</b>, which differs in vocalism from Lat. [[rādīx]] = <b class="b2">rād-ī-c-s</b> (with enlarging <b class="b2">-c-</b> as e.g. in <b class="b2">genetrī-x</b>); in both cases we have a ι̯<b class="b3">α-</b>, resp. <b class="b2">ī-</b>deriv. of a noun, which is also found in Germ. and Celt.: ONorse [[rōt]] f. [[root]] from PGm. <b class="b2">*u̯rōt-</b>, IE <b class="b2">*u̯rād-</b>, which may be seen also in Lat. <b class="b2">rād-īx</b> (cf. below); beside it, with <b class="b2">i-</b>stem and zero grade Goth. [[waurts]], OE [[wyrt]], OHG MHG [[wurz]] [[herb]], [[root]], PGm. <b class="b2">*u̯urt-i-</b>, IE <b class="b2">*u̯r̥d(-i</b>)-; Celt., e.g. Welsh [[gwraidd]] coll. [[roots]] with <b class="b2">ī-</b>suffix but the root vocalism has not been explained. The Germ. and Celt. forms and [[ῥίζα]] cannot represent a weak- or reduced grade; in spite of Schwyzer 352 who wants to assume a vowel [[i]] representing a reduced grade. (Lat. [[rādīx]], but not ONorse [[rōt]], can represent IE <b class="b2">*u̯rHd-</b>, but in other forms there is no laryngeal.) So the foms cannot be explained as yet, and we must reckon with loans. (Vine UCLA Indo-European Studies I 1999, 5-30 does not solve the problem.) -- Toch. B [[witsako]] [[root]] remains to be explained (hypothesis by v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v.). Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 288 Pok. 1167, W.-Hofmann s. [[rādīx]]. Cf. [[ῥάδαμνος]], [[ῥάδιξ]]. Cf. also NGr. (Rhodos) [[ῥόζος]] [[root]], a cross of [[ῥίζα]] and [[ὄζος]] [[branch]] (Hatzidakis [[Ἀθ]]. 29, 180ff.).