θύρα: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[door]], [[doorleaf]], mostly in plur. [[gate]] (Il.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 44).<br />Other forms: Ion. [[θύρη]]<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[opiturajo]] /[[opithuraioi]]/ [[door-keeper]]<br />Compounds: Several compp., e. g. <b class="b3">θυρα-ωρός</b> (Χ 69), <b class="b3">θυρ-ωρός</b>, <b class="b3">-ουρός</b> (Sapph.) [[doorwaiter]] (cf. on [[ὁράω]] and Schwyzer 438), as 2. member with thematic anlargement, e. g. <b class="b3">πρό-θυρ-ον</b> [[place before the gatee]], [[forecourt]] (Il.).<br />Derivatives: Diminut.: [[θύριον]] (Att.) and [[θυρίδιον]] (Gp.), [[θυρίς]] f. <b class="b2">window(opening)</b> (IA) with [[θυριδεύς]] [[window-frame]] (Delos IIIa; cf. the names in <b class="b3">-εύς</b> in Chantraine Formation 128), [[θυριδόω]] [[provide with a window]] (pap.) with [[θυριδωτός]] (inscr.). Further [[θυρεός]] m. [[door-stone]] (ι 240, 313), name of a long shield = Lat. [[scutum]] (hell.; on the formation Chantraine 51; also Schwyzer 468 and Hermann Sprachwiss. Komm. zu ι 240, but hardly with Bechtel Vocalcontr. 154 from the consonantstem in <b class="b3">θύρ-δα</b>) with [[θυρεόω]] [[cover with a shield]] (Aq.); [[θύρετρα]] pl. <b class="b2">door(-casing)</b> (ep.; Schwyzer 532, Chantraine 332) with [[θυρετρικός]] (Chios); [[θύρωμα]], often in plur. <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> [[doorway]] (IA; not with Schwyzer 523 from [[θυρόω]], cf. Chantraine 187); [[θυρών]], <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. [[hall]], [[antechamber]] (S.). Adj. [[θυραῖος]], Aeol. [[θύραος]] <b class="b2">belonging to the door, standing before the door, outside, foreign</b> (trag., hell.). Denomin. verb [[θυρόω]] [[provide with doors]] (Att.) wiht [[θύρωσις]] (Epid.), [[θυρωτός]] (Babr.). [[θυραυλέω]] [[sleep before the door]] from a compound with [[αὐλή]]. <b class="b3">*θυράγματα ἀφοδεύματα</b> H. (in wrong position), as from [[θυράζω]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [278] <b class="b2">*dʰuer-</b> [[door]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">θύρ-δα ἔξω</b>. [[Ἀρκάδες]] H. and [[θύσθεν]] for <b class="b3">*θύρ-σθεν</b> = <b class="b3">θύρα-θεν</b> (Tegea; on the formation Schwyzer 628), perhaps also from [[θύραζε]] <b class="b2">out (of the door)</b> (if for <b class="b3">*θύρας δε</b>; Schwyzer 625 w. n. 1) one reconstructs a consonant-stem, IE <b class="b2">*dhur-</b>, which is often attested in other languages : Germ., e. g. OHG [[turi]] = [[Tür]] (prop. plur.), from IE <b class="b2">*dhúr-es</b>; Balt., e. g. Lith. acc. pl. <b class="b2">dur-ìs</b>, gen. <b class="b2">dùr-ų̃</b>, Skt. acc. pl. <b class="b2">dúr-aḥ</b> (IE <b class="b2">*dhúr-n̥s</b>; on the anlaut. <b class="b2">d-</b> for <b class="b2">dh-</b> cf. Mayrhofer KEWA 2, 83). The consonant -stem is often replaced by innovations, notably by an <b class="b2">i-</b>stem in Lith. nom. pl. <b class="b2">dùr-y-s</b>, gen. <b class="b2">dùr-i-ų</b>, by an <b class="b2">o-</b>stem in Goth. <b class="b2">daúr</b> n. = NHG [[Tor]] etc., by an <b class="b2">n-</b>stem in Arm. [[dur-n]], by an <b class="b2">ā-</b>stem as in [[θύραι]], also in Arm. gen. dat. abl. pl. <b class="b2">dr-a-c̣</b>, instr. <b class="b2">dr-a-w-k</b>. - Beside zero-grade <b class="b2">*dhur-</b> full-grade <b class="b2">*dhu̯er-</b>, <b class="b2">*dhu̯or-</b>, e. g. Skt. nom. pl. <b class="b2">dvā́r-aḥ</b>, acc. <b class="b2">dúr-aḥ</b> (s. above), which were often generalized as in Lat. [[for-ēs]], Toch. B [[twere]]; with enlargements, e. g. Skt. <b class="b2">dvā́r-a-m</b> , OCS [[dvor-ъ]] [[court]], Lat. [[for-īs]] [[outside]], [[for-ās]] <b class="b2">(towards) outside</b>. A zero grade <b class="b2">*dhu̯r̥-</b> has been supposed in [[θαιρός]] [[pivot of a door]], but is doubtful (s. v.). - The thematic enlargement of <b class="b3">πρό-θυρ-ον</b> also e. g. in Skt. <b class="b2">śatá-dur-a-</b> [[with hundred doors]] (Sommer Nominalkomp. 131). - Details in Pok. 278f., W.-Hofmann s. [[foris]], Ernout-Meillet s. [[forēs]], Mayrhofer Wb. 2, 83f., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. <b class="b2">dùrys</b>, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. [[dverь]]. Cf. Benveniste, Institutions I 311ff.