ἕλκω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=([[ἑλκύω]] late, <span class="bibl">Tz.<span class="title">H.</span>6.621</span>), <span class="bibl">Il.24.52</span>, etc., impf. <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> εἷλκον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>39</span>, etc., Ep.ἕλκον <span class="bibl">Il.4.213</span>,al. (never [[εἵλκυον]]): fut.ἕλξω <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>909</span>, etc., rarely ἑλκύσω [ῠ] <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>2</span>, <span class="bibl">Philem.174</span>: aor. εἵλκῠσα <span class="bibl">Batr.232</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.103</span>, Trag. and Att., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>987</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>540</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>2587.23, al., etc.; ἥλκυσα <span class="title">IG</span>11(2).287 <span class="title">B</span>61 (Delos, ii B.C.), <span class="title">CIG</span>4993,5006 (Egypt, iii A.D.); later [[εἷλξα]], poet. ἕλξα <span class="title">AP</span>9.370 (Tib. Ill.), <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">A.</span>258</span>, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Nat.Fac.</span>1.12</span>: pf. εἵλκῠκα <span class="bibl">D.22.59</span>; pf. part. [[ἑολκώς]] prob.in <span class="bibl">Epich. 177</span>:—Med., fut. <b class="b3">-ύσομαι</b> (ἐφ-) Antyll. ap. <span class="bibl">Orib.6.10.9</span>: aor. [[εἱλκυσάμην]] (ἀφ-) [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Art.</span>11</span>, subj. ἀφελκύσωμαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1120</span>; rarely εἱλξάμην Gal.4.534:—Pass., fut. ἑλκυσθήσομαι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>614</span> (ξυγκαθ-), Lyc.358, ἑλχθήσομαι <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>7.7</span>: aor. εἱλκύσθην <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>4.14</span>, (ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>688</span>, ἑλκ- <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.140</span>, ἡλκ- <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).115.11 (Amorgos); later εἵλχθην <span class="bibl">Ph.2.11</span>, <span class="bibl">Philostr.<span class="title">VA</span>8.15</span>, <span class="bibl">D.L.6.91</span>: pf. εἵλκυσμαι <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Superf.</span> 16</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>576</span>,<span class="bibl">Ph.1.316</span>, (καθ-) <span class="bibl">Th.6.50</span>, [[ἕλκυσμαι]] (ἀν-) <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.98</span>, ἥλκυσμαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1256.11</span>(ii B.C.): plpf. εἵλκυστο <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>4.36</span>.—In Att., [[ἕλκω]], [[ἕλξω]] were alone used in pres. and fut., while the other tenses were formed from [[ἑλκυ-]]; cf. [[ἑλκέω]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]]), [[ἑλκυστάζω]]. In Hom., Aristarch. rejected the augm. (Cf. Lat. [[sulcus]], Lith. [[velkù]] 'drag'):— [[draw]], [[drag]], with collat.notion of force or exertion, [[ὣς εἰπὼν ποδὸς ἕλκε]] = began to [[drag]] (the [[dead]] [[body]]) by the [[foot]], <span class="bibl">Il.13.383</span>; ἤν περ . . ποδῶν ἕλκωσι θύραζε <span class="bibl">Od.16.276</span>; τινὰ τῆς ῥινός <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>73</span>; Ἕκτορα . . περὶ σῆμ' ἑτάροιο ἕλκει <span class="bibl">Il.24.52</span>; [[drag away]] a prisoner, <span class="bibl">22.65</span> (Pass.); [[draw]] ships down to the sea, <span class="bibl">2.152</span>, etc.; [[draw along]] a felled tree, <span class="bibl">17.743</span>; of mules, [[draw]] a [[chariot]], <span class="bibl">24.324</span>; ἑλκέμεναι νειοῖο . . πηκτὸν ἄροτρον = [[draw]] the [[plough]] [[through]] the field, <span class="bibl">10.353</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.518</span>; ἕ. τινὰ ἐπὶ κνάφου <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.92</span>; περιβαλόντας σχοινία ἕ. = [[haul]] at them, <span class="bibl">Id.5.85</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[draw after one]], ἐν δ' ἔπεσ' Ὠκεανῷ . . φάος ἠελίοιο, ἕλκον νύκτα μέλαιναν <span class="bibl">Il.8.486</span>; πέδας ἕ. = [[trail]] [[fetter]]s [[after]] [[one]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.129</span>; ἕ. χλανίδα = [[let]] one's [[cloak]] [[trail]] [[behind]], <span class="bibl">Ephipp.19</span>(anap.); θοἰμάτιον <span class="bibl">Archipp.45</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[tear]] [[in pieces]] (used by Hom. only in the form [[ἑλκέω]]), ὀνύχεσσι παρειάν <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Tr.</span>280</span>; [[worry]], τὰς κύνας ὥλαφος ἕλκοι <span class="bibl">Theoc.1.135</span>; ἑλκυσθῆναι ὑπὸ κυνός <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.140</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> metaph., [[carp at]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.103</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[draw]] a bow, ἕλκε . . γλυφίδας τε λαβὼν καὶ νεῦρα βόεια <span class="bibl">Il.4.122</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.21.419</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 3.21</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.2.28</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[draw]] a sword, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1233</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>576</span> (Pass.):—Med., ἕλκετο δ' ἐκ κολεοῖο . . ξίφος <span class="bibl">Il.1.194</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> ἕ. ἱστία = [[hoist]] [[sail]]s, <span class="bibl">Od.2.426</span>:—also in Med.,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Bacch.</span>32</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[lift up]] scales, so as to poise them, ἕλκε δὲ μέσσα λαβών <span class="bibl">Il.8.72</span>, <span class="bibl">22.212</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> after Hom., </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[pull]] a barge-pole, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.194</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[tow]] a ship, <span class="bibl">Th.2.90</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[drag into court]], ἕλκω σε κλητεύσοντα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1218</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1004</span> (Pass.); εἰς ἀγοράν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>16.19</span>; [[drag about]], esp. with lewd violence, ἕλκει καὶ βιάζεται <span class="bibl">D.21.150</span>; [[μηδένα ἕλξειν μηδ' ὑβριεῖν]] ib. 221; ἕλκειν γυναῖκα <span class="bibl">Lys.1.12</span>: metaph., [[ἄνω]] κάτω τοὺς λόγους ἕ. <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Tht.</span>195c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">SE</span>167a35</span>; ἡμέας ὁ καιρὸς ἕλκει <span class="bibl">Herod.2.10</span>; also [[ἥλκυσμαι λαμπαδάρχης]] = [[I have been compelled to serve]] as λ., <span class="title">BGU</span> l.c. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[draw]] or [[suck up]], [ἥλιος] ἕλκει τὸ ὕδωρ ἐπ' ἑωυτόν <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.25</span>; ἕ. τὸν ἀέρα = [[draw]] it [[in]], [[breathe]] it, Hp.Aër.19, <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.101d</span> (Pass.), cf. <span class="bibl">Philyll.20</span>: [[ζωὴν φύσιν]] Archel. ap. <span class="bibl">Antig.<span class="title">Mir.</span>89</span>; especially of persons drinking, [[drink in long draughts]], [[quaff]], μέθυ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1200</span>; ἄμυστιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>417</span>; τὴν . . τοῦ Πραμνίου [σπονδήν] <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>107</span>; οἶνον ἐκ . . λεπαστῆς TeleclId.24 (lyr.); ἀπνευστί <span class="bibl">Antiph.74.14</span>, etc.: with acc. of the cup, δέπας μεστὸν . . ἕλκουσι γνάθοις ἀπαύστοις <span class="bibl">Id.237</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eub. 56.7</span>, al.; so [[ἕ. μαστόν]] [[suck]] it, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>987</span>; [[inhale]], ὀσμήν <span class="bibl">Antig.<span class="title">Mir.</span> 89</span>; of roots, [[draw up]] [[nourishment]], <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.6.10</span>: metaph., χανδὸν καὶ ἀμυστὶ τῶν μαθηυάτων ἕ. <span class="bibl">Eun.<span class="title">VS</span>p.474D.</span> </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[draw]] from a receptacle, ἐξ ἑκάστου κιβωτίου πινάκιον ἕν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>64.1</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[ἕ. βίοτον]], [[ζόαν]], [[drag out]] a weary life, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>207</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1535</span> (lyr.); [[προφάσιας ἕ]]. [[keep making]] excuses, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.86</span>; πάσας τε προφάσεις . . ἕλκουσι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>727</span>; [[ἕ. χρόνους]] [[make long]], in prosody, Longin.<span class="title">Proll. Heph.</span>p.83C.: hence intr., [[ἐπὶ τοσοῦτο λέγεται ἑλκύσαι τὴν σύστασιν .]]. that the conflict [[dragged on]], [[lasted]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.167</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.83.9</span> (iii B.C.):—Pass., τῶν ἐγκλημάτων εἱκλυσμένων πλείονα χρόνον <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>2.281 (Delph., ii B.C.); also of a person, ἑλκόμενος καὶ μόγις <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">R.</span>350d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[ἕ. κόρδακα]] [[dance]] in [[long]], [[measured]] steps, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>540</span>; [[ἓν τουτὶ]] (σχῆμα) <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pax</span>328</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">8</span> [[draw to oneself]], [[attract]], of the magnet, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>567</span>; by spells, τινὰ ποτὶ δῶμα <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.17</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Plot.4.4.40</span>, etc.; [[πείθειν καὶ ἑ]]. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>458d</span>; ἐχθροὺς ἐφ' ἑαυτόν <span class="bibl">D.22.59</span>; [[draw on]], ἐπὶ ἡδονάς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>238a</span>; εἰς τυραννίδας ἕ. τὰς πολιτείας <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>568c</span>:—Pass., to [[be drawn on]] as by a spell, ἴυγγι δ' ἕλκομαι ἦτορ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.35</span>; πρὸς φιλοσοφίαν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>494e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">9</span> of things weighed, [[ἕ. σταθμὸν τάλαντα δέκα]] [[draw down]] the balance, i.e. [[weigh]] ten [[talent]]s, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Eup.116</span>: abs., [[τὸ δ' ἂν ἑλκύσῃ]] = [[whatever it weigh]], <span class="bibl">Hdt. 2.65</span>; [[πλεῖον ἕ]]. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Min.</span>316a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> ἕ. τὰς ψήφους = [[cast up]] the [[account]], <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>2p.37</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHib.</span>1.17.25</span> (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">10</span> [[draw]] or [[derive]] from a source, ἐντεῦθεν εἵλκυσεν ἐπὶ τὴν . . τέχνην τὸ πρός φορον αὐτῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>270a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>7.207a</span>; τὸ γένος ἀπό τινος <span class="bibl">Str.11.9.3</span>; [[assume]], μείζω φαντασίαν <span class="bibl">Plb.32.10.5</span>; ὁ ἄρτος ἕλκει χρῶμα κάλλιστον <span class="bibl">Ath.3.113c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">11</span> [[ἑλκύσαι πλίνθους]] = [[make bricks]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.179</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.137</span>; [[ἕ. λάγανον]] Chrysipp. Tyan. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.14.647e</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">12</span> [[αἱ θυρίδες ἕλκουσι]] the win dows [[draw in]] air, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Vent.</span>29</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">13</span> [[ἕ. ἑαυτόν]], expressing some kind of athletic exercise, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prm.</span> 135d</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">B</span> Med., ἕ. χαίτας ἐκ κεφαλῆς = [[tear one's hair]], <span class="bibl">Il.10.15</span>; [[ἀσσοτέρω πυρὸς ἕλκετο δίφρον]] = [[drew his chair nearer to the fire]], <span class="bibl">Od.19.506</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Semon.7.26</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[draw to oneself]], [[scrape up]], [[amass]], [[τιμάς]], [[ἄφενος ἕλκεσθαι]], <span class="bibl">Thgn.30</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[ἕλκεσθαι]] στάθμας περισσᾶς in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.90</span>, means lit., to [[drag at]] too great a line, i.e. [[grasp]] more than one's due-- but whence the metaphor is taken remains unexplained. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">C</span> Pass., to [[be drawn]] or [[be wrenched]], νῶτα . . ἑλκόμενα [[στερεῶς]]>, of [[wrestler]]s, <span class="bibl">Il.23.715</span>; of the nails, to  [[be curved]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Morb.</span>2.48</span>; [[to close in]] when the core is removed, of the timber of certain trees, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>5.5.2</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> to [[be drawn]] or to [[flow at a place]], of streams, Lyc.702; πρὸς ἀντολίην ἕ. αἶα <span class="bibl">D.P.1086</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> to [[be drawn]] or [[be contracted]], εἱλκύσθη ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιὰ τράχηλος <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>4.14</span>.</span>