ὀφθαλμός: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[eye]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Boeot. [[ὄκταλλος]], Epid. Lac. <b class="b3">ὀπτίλ(λ)ος</b>.<br />Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">μον-όφθαλμος</b> (<b class="b3">μουν-</b>) <b class="b2">with a single eye, one-eyed</b> (Hdt., Plb., Str.), <b class="b3">ἑτερ-όφθαλμος</b> [[bereft of one eye]] (D., Arist.); also as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ὀφθαλμ-ωρύχος</b> [[digging out the eyes]] (A.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ὀφθαλμ-ίδιον</b> n. dimin. (Ar.); 2. <b class="b3">-ία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ίη</b> f. [[eye-disease]] (s. Scheller Oxytonierung 42f.) with <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> [[suffering from an eye-disease]] (IA.), with <b class="b3">-ίασις</b> f. (Plu., H.); 3. <b class="b3">-ίας</b> m. name of a kind of eagle (Lyc.), also of a fish (Plaut.; because of the fixed glance, Strömberg Fischnamen 42); 4. <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[belonging to the eyes]], m. [[eye-doctor]] (Gal., Dsc.); 5. <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> [[like eyes]] (gloss.). -- 6. Verbs [[ὀφθαλμίζομαι]] to [[be inoculated]] (Thphr.), [[to suffer from ὀ-ία]] (Plu.); with prep. <b class="b3">ἐν-ὀφθαλμ-ίζω</b> [[to inoculate]] (Thphr.), <b class="b3">-ίζομαι</b> pass. (Delos) with <b class="b3">-ισμός</b> (Thphr.); also <b class="b3">-ιάζομαι</b> (Plu.); <b class="b3">ἐξ-οφθαλμ-ιάζω</b> [[to disregard]], [[to disparage]] (pap. IVp); <b class="b3">ἐπ-οφθαλμ-ίζω</b> (Pherecyd., Plu.), <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> (Plu., pap. IIIp), <b class="b3">-έω</b> (pap. IVp) [[to ogle]], [[to peep at]].<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Understandably the word has been derived from the root <b class="b3">ὀπ-</b> [[see]]. Variants are Boeot. [[ὄκταλλος]], Epid. Lac. <b class="b3">ὀπτίλ(λ)ος</b>. The group [[κτ]] : [[πτ]] : [[φθ]] ("mit altem [[κτ]] [but see below], analogischem [[πτ]] und expressivem [[φθ]]" (Frisk) [Schwyzer 299 bzw. Benveniste Origines 48]?) has been connected with the group [[kṣ]] in Skt. [[ákṣi]] [[eye]] Schwyzer 317 w. lit.). With the suppletive [[n-]]stem e.g. in gen. [[akṣ-ṇ-ás]] the [[l-]]stem in <b class="b3">ὀφθ-αλ-μός</b> would correspond (Specht 351n.1). "Die lautlichen Einzelheiten sind indessen nicht endgültig und eindeutig aufgeklärt" (Frisk). An IE laibo-velar before consonat became a labial, Lejeune Phonét. $ 42, so Frisks "mit altem [[κτ]]" is wrong. The rise of <b class="b3">-αλ(λ</b>)- cannot be explained from IE. The repeated attempts, to explain [[ὀφθαλμός]] as a compound, are all wrong (to [[θάλαμος]] Brugmann, s. Bq and WP. 1, 864). The variation cannot well be explained as IE, nor can the formation of [[ὀφθαλμός]]. [[ὄκταλλος]] has a Pre-Greek suffix, Beekes FS Kortlandt.; already Devel. 193); it continues a palatalized [[l]] (i.e. <b class="b2">*ly</b>, which was represented as a geminate). This leads to a PGr. reconstruction <b class="b2">*akʷt-aly-(m)-</b> (with <b class="b2">*a-</b> = ([[ο]]) before the labiovelar). Here the labiovelar could become a labial, but the labial element could also be ignored, which gave <b class="b3">ὀκτ-</b>. Aspiration was not phonemic in Pre-Greek, hence the variant <b class="b3">ὀφθ-</b> is unproblematic. In <b class="b3">ὀπτίλ(λ)ος</b> apparently the (second) <b class="b2">*a</b> became [[i]] through the following labialized consonant. The fact that PGr. <b class="b2">*akʷ-</b> strongly resembles IE <b class="b2">*h₃ekʷ-</b> is a mere coincidence, an accident that may be expected to occur here and there. -- Note the expressive geminate in <b class="b3">ὄκκον ὀφθαλμόν</b> H. (to Arm. [[akn]]? Meillet BSL 26, 15f.; s. also Lejeune Traité de phon. 72 n. 1); this word may well be of IE origin. -- For words derived from the IE root <b class="b3">ὀπ-</b> [[see]], s. [[ὄμμα]], [[ὄσσε]], [[ὄπωπα]]; cf. WP. 1, 169ff., Pok. 775ff., W.-Hofmann s. [[oculus]] etc.