πῦρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(once πύυρ [ ] by 'distraction', <span class="bibl">Simon.59</span> codd. Hdn.Gr. (<span class="title">Rh.Mus.</span>35.101, 38.378)), τό, gen. [[πῠρός]]; not used in plural, <span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> v. [[πυρά]], [[τά]]:—[[fire]], <b class="b3">π. καίειν</b> or [[δαίειν]] to kindle [[fire]], <span class="bibl">Il.8.521</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.7</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. ἀνακαίειν, ἅπτειν, ἐξάπτειν, αἴθειν, ἐναύειν</b>, v. sub vocc.; <b class="b3">π. ποιεῖν, ποιήσασθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Anaxipp.1.12</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.2.27</span>; οἴσετε π. <span class="bibl">Il.15.718</span>; π. προσέφερον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.2.14</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἐμβαλεῖν νηυσί, κλισίῃσι</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.597</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.501</span> (tm.); <b class="b3">π. φυσητέον, ῥιπίζειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>293</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Flam.</span>21</span>; as [[exclamation]], "πῦρ βοᾷ <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Sam.</span>208</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">π. τεχνικόν</b>, v. [[τεχνικός]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> [[funeral-fire]] (cf. [[πυρά]]), ὄφρα πυρός με . . λελάχωσι θανόντα <span class="bibl">Il.7.79</span>, <span class="bibl">22.342</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.350</span>, <span class="bibl">23.76</span>; <b class="b3">ζῶντα διδόναι τινὰ πυρί</b> [[burn]] one alive, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.86</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> [[sacrificial fire]], ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε θυηλάς <span class="bibl">Il.9.220</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.3.341</span>,<span class="bibl">446</span>; κατὰ τοῦ π. σπένδειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>120a</span>; διὰ τοῦ π. ὀμνύναι <span class="bibl">D.54.40</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> [[hearthfire]], πυρὸς ἐσχάραι <span class="bibl">Il.10.418</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.5.59</span>; ἕως ἂν αἴθῃ πῦρ ἐφ' ἑστίας ἐμῆς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1435</span>; πυρὶ δέχεσθαί τινα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>47</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π. τὸ ἀθάνατον</b> [[the fire]] of Vesta, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Num.</span>9</span>, etc.; deified, Πῦρ ἀθάνατον <span class="title">SIG</span>826 ii 14 (Delph., ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> [[lightning]], κεραυνὸς ἀενάου πυρός <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>1.6</span>; πῦρ πνέοντος κεραυνοῦ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>146</span>; πυρὸς ἀμφήκης βόστρυχος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1044</span> (anap.); πυρὶ καὶ στεροπαῖς <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>470</span> (anap.); παλτῷ ῥιπτεῖ πυρί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>131</span> (anap.); θείῳ πυρὶ παμφαής <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>728</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> [[fire]], [[light]], or [[heat]] of the sun, <b class="b3">θερινὸν π</b>., opp. [[χειμών]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.50</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 865b</span>; of the stars, π. πνείοντα ἄστρα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1146</span> (lyr.); [[summer solstice]], <span class="bibl">Alcm.79</span>, Paul.Al.<span class="title">A.</span>3. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> [[flame]] of torches, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>964</span> (lyr.), etc.; <b class="b3">π. εὐάγγελον, ἄγγαρον, πομπόν</b>, of the beacon fire, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>21</span>,<span class="bibl">282</span>,<span class="bibl">299</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> [[fever heat]], [[violent fever]], <b class="b3">πῦρ ἔλαβέν [τινα</b>] <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Epid.</span>1.26</span>.ή, al.; ὁ δ' ἔχων θέρμαν καὶ π. ἧκεν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>690</span>; τεταρταίῳ πυρί <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.17</span>; π. ἄγριον <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>7.20</span> (of erysipelas acc. to Gal.19.134). </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> phrases, <b class="b3">ἐν πυρὶ γενέσθαι</b> to be consumed, come to nothing, <span class="bibl">Il.2.340</span>; <b class="b3">φεύγων καπνὸν εἰς πῦρ δεσποτείας ἐμπεπτωκώς</b> 'out of the frying pan into the [[fire]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>569b</span>, cf. Prov. ap. <span class="bibl">Simp.<span class="title">in Epict.</span> p.72</span> D.; ἦν ἄρα πυρός γ' ἕτερα θερμότερα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>382</span>; <b class="b3">πῦρ ἐπὶ πῦρ ἐγχεῖν, ἄγειν, φέρειν, ἐπεισφέρειν</b>, <span class="bibl">Cratin.18</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>453</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span>880a21</span>, Plu.2.61a; <b class="b3">εἰς π. ξαίνειν</b> 'plough the sands', <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>780c</span>; βασανίζειν χρυσὸν ἐν πυρί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>413e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plb.21.20.7</span>: as a type of things [[irresistible]] or [[terrible]], ἀντίος εἶμι, καὶ εἰ πυρὶ χεῖρας ἔοικε <span class="bibl">Il.20.371</span>; μάρναντο δέμας πυρὸς αἰθομένοιο <span class="bibl">11.596</span>, al.; Ἕκτωρ πυρὸς αἰνὸν ἔχει μένος <span class="bibl">17.565</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.182</span>; so τὸ πεπρωμένον οὐ π. σχήσει <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>232</span>; κρεῖσσον ἀμαιμακέτου πυρός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>177</span>; οὐδὲν θηρίον γυναικὸς ἀμαχώτερον, οὐδὲ π. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>1015</span>; ἀναρχία κρείσσων πυρός <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>608</span>; ἐχίδνης καὶ πυρὸς περαιτέρω <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Andr.</span>271</span>; so <b class="b3">διὰ πυρὸς ἰέναι</b> (as we say) to go through [[fire and water]], dash through any danger, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>21.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>133</span>; but <b class="b3">διὰ πυρὸς ἦλθε ἑτέρῳ λέχεϊ</b> she [[raged furiously]] against the other partner of the bed, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>487</span> (lyr.); διὰ πυρὸς ἔμολον ματρί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1183</span> (lyr.); σωθήσεται οὕτω δὲ ὡς διὰ πυρός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>3.15</span>; εἰς π. ἅλλεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span> 1.3.9</span>; κἂν εἰς π. ἐμβαῖεν <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Ep.</span>314.3</span>; π. διέρπειν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>265</span>; of persons, ὦ π. σύ . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ph.</span>927</span>; of Hannibal, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Flam.</span>21</span>: metaph. of anxious hope, θάλπει τῷδ' ἀνηκέστῳ πυρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>888</span>; of love, ἀρσενικῷ θέρεται π. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>27.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">45.2</span>. (Cf. Arm. [[hur]], OE. [[fyr]] 'fire', etc.)</span>

|elnltext=πῦρ, πυρός, τό, dat. πυρί, plur. heterocl. (o-declinatie) πυρά, gen. πυρῶν, dat. πυροῖς vuur voor versch. doeleinden: τὰ πυρά wachtvuren:; καίωμεν πυρὰ πολλά laten we veel wachtvuren brandend houden Il. 8.509; van brandstapel; ἄνθρωπον... ζῶοντα πυρὶ διδόναι een mens levend verbranden Hdt. 1.86.6; spec. van de bliksem. πυρὶ καὶ στεροπαῖς met vurige bliksemschichten Soph. OT 470. overdr., van pers.:; ὦ πῦρ σύ ‘jij vuurbal!’ (van iem. die als vuur niets en niemand ontziet) Soph. Ph. 927; overdr. van emotie: vuur, vurige liefde, met gen.:; παίδων vurige liefde voor jongens AP 12.74.1; uitroep brand!. Men. Sam. 208. spreekw.., ἐν πυρὶ γενέσθαι ‘in rook opgaan’ Il. 2.340; φεύγων καπνὸν εἰς πῦρ ἐμπίπτειν ( lett. in het vuur belanden terwijl je aan de rook probeert te ontkomen) ‘van de regen in de drup komen’ Plat. Resp. 569b; διὰ πυρὸς βαδίζειν door het vuur gaan (d.w.z. een vuurproef doorstaan, gevaren doorstaan) Aristoph. Lys. 133, maar. διὰ πυρὸς ἐλθεῖν, μολεῖν met dat. (d.w.z. tekeergaan tegen iem. ) Eur. gloed, licht, warmte, van fakkels, hemellichamen e.d. koorts.

|etymtx=πυρός<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[fire]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[pukawo]] = <b class="b3">*πυρ-καϜοι</b>?<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πυρ-καϊά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ϊή</b> f. [[fireplace]], [[pyre]] (Il.), from <b class="b3">*πυρ-καϜ-ιά</b>, compound of [[πῦρ]] and [[καίω]] (<b class="b3">καῦ-σαι</b>) with ι̯<b class="b3">α-</b>suffix, acc. as in [[σποδιά]], [[ἀνθρακιά]] a. o.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 93 w. diff. interpretation; cf. Myc. [[pukawo]]; <b class="b3">πυρ-φόρος</b> [[fire- or torch-bearing]], [[-bearer]] (Pi.), later also <b class="b3">πυρο-φόρος</b>; cf. Schwyzer 440; <b class="b3">πυρι-γενής</b> [[born]], [[worked in fire]] (E. a.o.); <b class="b3">ἄ-πυρ-ος</b> [[untouched by fire]], [[without fire]] (Il.); on <b class="b3">πυρ-πολέω</b> s. [[πέλομαι]]; on <b class="b3">πυρ-αύστης</b> etc. s. 2. [[αὔω]]; on <b class="b3">πυρι-ήκης</b> s. v.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv. A. Subst.: 1. [[πυρά]] n. pl. [[watch-fires]] (Il.), dat. [[πυροῖς]] (X.), prop. plur. of [[πῦρ]] with transition in the <b class="b3">ο-</b>stems and accentshift (Egli Heteroklisie 18 a. 22 f.). 2. <b class="b3">πυρ-ά</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ή</b> f. [[fireplace]], [[pyre]] (IL). 3. <b class="b3">πυρ-σός</b> m., pl. alo <b class="b3">-σά</b> n. [[firebrand]], [[fire-signal]] (with remarkable oxytonesis) with <b class="b3">-σώδης</b> [[firebrand-like]] (E. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-σεύω</b> [[to ignite]], [[to give a fire-signal]] (E.; X.), <b class="b3">-σεία</b>, <b class="b3">-σευτήρ</b>, [[σευτής]] (hell.), <b class="b3">-σίτης</b> [[fire-colour]] (Philostr.). 4. <b class="b3">πυρ-ετός</b> m. [[burning heat]], [[fever]] (Χ 31; after [[νιφετός]]? Porzig Satzinhalte 245) with <b class="b3">πυρ-έσσω</b>, Att. <b class="b3">-έττω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">-έξαι</b>, adj. <b class="b3">-εκτικός</b>; <b class="b3">-ετιάω</b>, <b class="b3">-εταίνω</b>, <b class="b3">-ετώδης</b>, <b class="b3">-έτιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ετικός</b>. 5. <b class="b3">πυρ-εῖα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ήϊα</b> n. pl. [[lighter]], [[firesticks]] (h. Merc.; not with Zumbach Neuerungen 14 from [[πυρή]] [[pyre]]). 6. <b class="b3">πυρ-ία</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">-ίη</b> f. <b class="b2">vapour-, sweating-bath etc.</b> (Ion., Arist.), [[fishing by torchlight]] (Arist.), with <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> [[to prepare a vapour-bath]], [[to foment]], [[to warm]] (Hp.), from which <b class="b3">-ίαμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ίασις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιατήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ιατήριον</b> (Scheller Oxyton. 55); also <b class="b3">-ιάτη</b> f. [[warmed animal-milk]] (com.). 7. <b class="b3">πυρ-ίδιον</b> n. [[spark]] (Thphr.). 8. <b class="b3">πυρ-ίτης</b> m. [[copper ore]], [[ore]] (Dsc., pap.), "fireman", surn. of Hephaistos (Luc.); Redard 36, 60, 245. 9. <b class="b3">πύρ-εθρον</b>, <b class="b3">-ος</b>, <b class="b3">-ωθρον</b> [[pellitory]], [[Anthemis pyrethrum]] (because of the warming effect; Strömberg Pfl.namen 82 a. 146f.). 10. <b class="b3">πυρ-αλ(λ)ίς</b> s. v. 11. <b class="b3">Πυρ-ωνία</b> surn. of Artemis (Paus.). -- B. Adj.: 1. <b class="b3">πυρ-ώδης</b> [[fire-like]], [[fiery]] (IA.); 2. <b class="b3">-ινος</b> [[fiery]] (Arist., Plb.); 3. <b class="b3">-όεις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (hell.), also as n. of the planet Mars (Arist., hell.); 4. on [[πυρρός]] s. v. C. Verbs: 1. <b class="b3">πυρ-όομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also w. <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> a.o., [[to catch fire]], [[to set on fire]] (Pi., Ion. Att.; Wackernagel Unt. 124) with <b class="b3">πύρ-ωσις</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b> a.o.) f., <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτής</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b>; 2. <b class="b3">πυρ-εύω</b> [[to make fire]], [[to kindle]] (Pl.; <b class="b3">ἐμπυρ-εύω</b>, <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> from <b class="b3">ἔμ-πυρος</b>) with <b class="b3">-εύς</b>, <b class="b3">-ευτής</b>, <b class="b3">-ευτικός</b> (more in Bosshardt 83); 3. <b class="b3">πυρ-άζω</b> EM as explanation of 4. [[πυρακτέω]]; s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [828] <b class="b2">*peh₂-ur</b>, <b class="b2">ph₂-uen-s̯</b> [[fire]]<br />Etymology: With [[πῦρ]], <b class="b3">πυρ-ός</b> agrees exactly Umbr. [[pir]] nom. acc. (from <b class="b2">*pūr</b>), abl. [[pur-e]] (from <b class="b2">*pur-</b>), thus, with secondary vowelenlargement, Arm. [[hur]], gen. [[hr-oy]] (< <b class="b2">*pūr-o-</b>) and OWNo. [[fūrr]], [[fyrr]] (< PGm. <b class="b2">*fūr-i-</b>). The word was originally an heteroclitic [[r]] / [[n-]] stem and is still so inflected in Hitt. <b class="b2">paḫḫu(u̯a)r</b>, gen. <b class="b2">paḫḫu̯enaš</b>. Traces of this formation can still be seen in Germ.: Goth. [[fōn]], gen. [[fun-ins]] as opposed to OHG [[fuir]], [[fiur]], [[Feuer]]; also in Arm.: [[hn-oç]] [[fireplace]], [[furnace]] a opposed to [[hur]] (s. above); note also Toch. A pl. <b class="b2">por-äṃ</b> (= [[-n]]; combination of [[r]] and [[n]]?, v. Windekens IF 65, 249 ff.). The ablaut, which appears already from the above cited forms, is now reconstructed as a proterodynamic <b class="b2">r/n-</b>neuter: IE <b class="b2">*peh₂_-ur</b>: <b class="b2">ph₂-u̯en-s</b>; cf. Specht KZ 59, 283ff.), was simplified in Greek (the change in quantity is not old). -- Beside this neutral matter-indicating word for [[fire]] Indo-European had an as old word indicating fire as active entity in Lat. [[ignis]], Skt. <b class="b2">agní-</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">ugnìs</b>, OCS [[ognь]]; a parallel double designation, which represents two different interpretations of nature, is found with the words for [[water]] (s. [[ὕδωρ]]). On this Schulze Kl. Schr. 194f., Meillet MSL 21, 249ff., Bonfante Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 33ff., Mastrelli Arch. glottol. it. 43, 1 ff. On tabuistic replacing words for [[fire]] Havers Sprachtabu 64ff. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 14f., Pok. 828, W.-Hofmann s. [[pūrus]] (relation quite hypothetic and quite doubtful; s. on this with further discussion Mayrhofer s. <b class="b2">punā́ti</b>; also Blesse KZ 75, 195).

|sngr='''原文音譯'''：pàr 匹而<br />'''詞類次數'''：名詞（74）<br />'''原文字根'''：火 相當於： （[[אֵשׁ]]&#x200E;）  （[[לַפִּיד]]&#x200E;）<br />'''字義溯源'''：火*，烈火，炭火，火焰，以火，用火，火中<br />'''同源字'''：1） （[[πῦρ]]）火 2） （[[πυρά]]）燃火 3） （[[πυρέσσω]]）在火熱中 4） （[[πυρετός]]）火中燒 5） （[[πύρινος]]）如火的 6） （[[πυρόω]]）點燃 7） （[[πυρράζω]]）發紅 8） （[[πυρρός]]）如火紅的 9） （[[πύρωσις]]）發火，火煉參讀 （[[ἀνθρακιά]]）同義字<br />'''出現次數'''：總共（74）；太（12）；可（7）；路（7）；約（1）；徒（4）；羅（1）；林前（3）；帖後（1）；來（5）；雅（3）；彼前（1）；彼後（1）；猶（2）；啓（26）<br />'''譯字彙編'''：<br />1） 火（66） 太3:10； 太3:11； 太3:12； 太5:22； 太7:19； 太13:40； 太13:42； 太13:50； 太17:15； 太18:8； 太25:41； 可9:22； 可9:43； 可9:44； 可9:45； 可9:46； 可9:48； 路3:9； 路3:16； 路3:17； 路9:54； 路12:49； 路17:29； 路22:55； 約15:6； 徒2:19； 徒7:30； 徒28:5； 羅12:20； 林前3:13； 林前3:13； 林前3:15； 帖後1:8； 來10:27； 來12:18； 來12:29； 雅3:5； 雅3:6； 雅5:3； 彼前1:7； 啓1:14； 啓2:18； 啓3:18； 啓4:5； 啓8:5； 啓8:7； 啓8:8； 啓9:17； 啓9:18； 啓10:1； 啓11:5； 啓13:13； 啓14:10； 啓14:18； 啓15:2； 啓16:8； 啓17:16； 啓18:8； 啓19:12； 啓19:20； 啓20:9； 啓20:10； 啓20:14； 啓20:14； 啓20:15； 啓21:8；<br />2） 火的（2） 太18:9； 猶1:7；<br />3） 用火（1） 彼後3:7；<br />4） 火中（1） 猶1:23；<br />5） （烈）火的（1） 來11:34；<br />6） 火焰（1） 徒2:3；<br />7） 必用火（1） 可9:49；<br />8） 以火（1） 來1:7