enim: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>ĕnim</b>:<br /><b>I</b> conj. [comp. of ĕ for pronom. [[stem]] i, and nam], a [[demonstrative]] corroborative [[particle]]. (Its [[position]] is [[regularly]] [[after]] the [[first]] [[word]], or the [[first]] [[two]] or [[more]] [[closely]] [[connected]] words in the [[sentence]]; [[only]] in the [[comic]] writers [[sometimes]] at the [[beginning]]. Put [[after]] est in the [[fourth]] [[place]]: in eo est [[enim]] illud, Cic. Off. 1, 20, 67: ab omnibus est [[enim]], etc., id. Deiot. 13, 37; al., see [[below]]. Put [[after]] [[quoque]]: id [[quoque]] [[enim]] traditur, Liv. 2, 18; 3, 50; 23, 12; 27, 22; 30, 1; 33, 30; 36, 27; [[but]] not in [[Cicero]], v. Madv. ad Cic. Fin. 2, 33, 108, p. 325.—Sometimes it divides an [[apparent]] [[compound]]: [[quotus]] [[enim]] [[quisque]], Tac. Or. 26 fin.)<br /><b>I</b> To [[corroborate]] a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], [[like]] [[equidem]], [[certe]], [[vero]]; [[hence]] freq. [[connected]] [[with]] these particles, esp. [[with]] [[vero]] (v. under B.), [[truly]], [[certainly]], to be [[sure]], [[indeed]], in [[fact]]: Ch. Te [[uxor]] aiebat tua Me vocare. St. Ego [[enim]] vocari jussi, [[certainly]], I did [[order]] [[you]] to be called, Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 2: ornanda est [[enim]] [[dignitas]] [[domo]], Cic. Off. 1, 39, 139: in his est [[enim]] [[aliqua]] [[obscuritas]], in [[fact]], [[indeed]], id. Tusc. 1, 32, 78: [[ille]] ([[Dumnorix]]) [[enim]] revocatus resistere ac se manu defendere coepit, in [[fact]], [[indeed]], Caes. B. G. 5, 7, 8: tum M. [[Metilius]], id [[enim]] ferendum esse negat, it [[was]] [[really]] not to be endured, Liv. 22, 25: [[enim]] [[istaec]] [[captio]] est, this is [[clearly]] a [[trick]], Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 36: [[enim]] me nominat, [[positively]] he mentions my [[name]], id. Trin. 5, 2, 10: [[enim]] non [[ibis]] [[nunc]] [[vicissim]], [[nisi]] [[scio]], [[you]] shall [[positively]] not go, id. Pers. 2, 2, 54; id. Capt. 3, 4, 60; cf. id. Most. 5, 2, 12: Th. Quid [[tute]] [[tecum]]? Tr. Nihil [[enim]], [[nothing]] [[truly]], Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 24; so, [[nihil]] [[enim]], Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 22; id. Hec. 5, 4, 10; cf.: [[enim]] [[nihil]], Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 51: Pa. Quid metuis? Se. Enim ne [[nosmet]] perdiderimus [[uspiam]], id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: tua pol [[refert]] [[enim]], id. Stich. 4, 2, 36: [[certe]] [[enim]] hic [[nescio]] [[quis]] loquitur, id. Am. 1, 1, 175: [[certe]] [[enim]], id. ib. 2, 2, 26; id. As. 3, 3, 24; Ter. And. 3, 2, 23.—So [[too]] in [[ironical]] or [[indignant]] [[discourse]]: tu [[enim]] repertu's Philocratem qui superes veriverbio! [[you]] [[indeed]]! Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 36: ex his duo sibi putant concedi: [[neque]] [[enim]] [[quisquam]] repugnat, Cic. Ac. 2, 13, 41 Goer.; cf. id. Mil. 3, 8; id. Deiot. 12, 33 sq.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 13; id. Phil. 7, 8; Liv. 7, 32; 34, 7; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 44 al.: non assequimur. Isti [[enim]] [[videlicet]] Attici nostri [[quod]] volunt, assequuntur, Cic. Brut. 84, 288; so ([[with]] [[videlicet]]), id. Font. 9, 19; id. Cat. 2, 6, 12: Ca. Faxo [[haut]] tantillum dederis verborum mihi. Me. Nempe [[enim]] tu, [[credo]], me imprudentem obrepseris, [[yes]], [[indeed]], I [[believe]] [[you]] are [[trying]] to [[take]] me in, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 23.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Strengthened by [[vero]], and combined [[with]] it [[into]] one [[word]], ĕnimvēro ([[unlike]] [[enim]], [[usually]] [[beginning]] the [[sentence]]), [[yes]] [[indeed]], [[yes]] [[truly]], of a [[truth]], to be [[sure]], [[certainly]], [[indeed]]: [[enimvero]] [[Chremes]] [[nimis]] [[graviter]] cruciat adulescentulum, Ter. Heaut. 5, 5, 1: [[enimvero]], inquit [[Crassus]], mirari [[satis]] non [[queo]], etc., Cic. de Or. 1, 36; Liv. 5, 25; 1, 51 fin.: [[postridie]] [[mane]] ab eo [[postulo]], ut, etc.: [[ille]] [[enimvero]] negat, and of a [[truth]], he denies it, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 66; so, [[ille]] [[enimvero]], id. ib. 2, 5, 39; Liv. 3, 35 fin.: hic [[enimvero]], Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 60: [[enimvero]] [[iste]], id. ib. 2, 3, 25.—In corroborating replies (cf. [[certe]], I. A. 2.): Me. Ain [[vero]]? So. Aio [[enimvero]], Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 188; cf. id. Pers. 2, 2, 2: Sy. Eho, [[quaeso]], an tu is es? Ch. Is [[enim]] [[vero]] [[sum]], id. Trin. 4, 2, 145: Al. Tun' te abisse [[hodie]] [[hinc]] negas? Am. Nego [[enimvero]], id. Am. 2, 2, 127; id. As. 3, 3, 98; id. Am. 1, 1, 254: Pa. Incommode [[hercle]]. Ch. Immo [[enimvero]] [[infeliciter]], Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 37.—And in [[ironical]] or [[indignant]] [[discourse]]: Da. Ubi voles, arcesse. Si. Bene [[sane]]: id [[enimvero]] hic [[nunc]] abest, [[that]], to be [[sure]], is [[wanting]] here as [[yet]], Ter. And. 5, 2, 7; id. Phorm. 3, 1, 1: [[enimvero]] ferendum hoc [[quidem]] non est, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26; Liv. 43, 1; cf. id. 6, 14; 25, 41; 27, 30; 33, 46; 34, 58.<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> To [[prove]] or [[show]] the grounds of a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], for: haec sunt non [[nugae]]; non [[enim]] [[mortualia]], Plaut. As. 4, 1, 63: mihi [[vero]] omne [[tempus]] est ad meos libros [[vacuum]]: [[numquam]] [[enim]] sunt [[illi]] occupati, Cic. Rep. 1, 9: quas (geometricas formas) ut vidisset, exclamavisse, ut bono essent [[animo]], videre [[enim]] se hominum vestigia, id. ib. 1, 17 et saep. —In parenthetical sentences: [[quocirca]] (dicendum est [[enim]] saepius), cum judicaveris, diligere [[oportet]], Cic. Lael. 22, 85; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; id. Ac. 2, 7, 22: rumpor et [[invideo]] ([[quid]] [[enim]] non omnia narrem?), etc., Ov. H. 16, 221: di maris et caeli ([[quid]] [[enim]] [[nisi]] vota supersunt?), etc., id. Tr. 1, 2, 1 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sometimes the [[assertion]], the [[reason]] for [[which]] is given, is to be mentally supplied, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; cf. id. de Or. 2, 6, 24; id. Leg. 2, 7, 17: Am. Qui [[istuc]] [[potis]] est fieri, [[quaeso]], ut [[dicis]], jam [[dudum]], [[modo]]? Al. Quid [[enim]] censes? te ut deludam [[contra]]? etc., [[what]] [[then]] do [[you]] [[think]]? Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 62; cf. Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 124; Curt. 5, 8; 10, 2 al.—So the [[expression]]: [[quid]] [[enim]] dicam? [[commonly]] ellipt.: [[quid]] [[enim]]? qs. for [[what]] can be objected to the [[assertion]] [[just]] made? [[quid]] [[enim]] de T. Tatio Sabino dicam, Liv. 4, 3, 12: [[quid]] [[enim]]? fortemne possumus dicere eundem illum Torquatum? Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 72; 2, 28, 93; id. Fam. 5, 15, 2; Lucc. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 14, 2; Hor. S. 1, 1, 7; 2, 3, 132 et saep.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> To [[explain]] a [[preceding]] [[assertion]], for [[instance]], [[namely]]: Sy. Si futurum est, do [[tibi]] operam hanc. Mi. Quomodo? Ut [[enim]], ubi mihi vapulandumst, tu [[corium]] sufferas, Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 33; Sc Metuo [[maxime]]. Pa. Quid metuis? Sc. Enim ne nos [[nosmet]] perdiderimus, id. Mil. 2, 5, 19: Lu. Di me perdant, si bibi, Si bibere potui. Pa. Qui jam? Lu. Quia [[enim]] obsorbui, [[why]] [[because]], id. ib. 3, 2, 21; id. Am. 2, 2, 34; id. Capt. 4, 2, 104; id. Cas. 2, 6, 33; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 14: [[quod]] [[enim]], App. M. 9, p. 228, 16: non [[igitur]] videtur nec [[frumentarius]] [[ille]] Rhodios nec hic aedium [[venditor]] celare emptores debuisse. Neque [[enim]] id est celare, [[quicquid]] reticeas; sed cum, etc., Cic. Off. 3, 13 fin.: antiquissimam sententiam, tum omnium populorum et gentium consensu comprobatam [[sequor]]. Duo sunt [[enim]] divinandi genera, etc., id. Div. 1, 6, 11; cf. id. de Imp. Pomp. 2, 6. See Hand, Turs. II. p. 374-409.

{{Georges

|georg=enim, Conj., (demonstratives e u. [[nam]], [[wie]] [[equidem]]), [[auf]] den [[Fall]], [[denn]], I) eine frühere [[Angabe]] [[oder]] [[Behauptung]], [[ein]] früheres [[Urteil]] erläuternd [[oder]] begründend = [[denn]], [[nämlich]], [[oft]] b. Cic. u.a. – So in parenthetischen Sätzen, de corpusculorum ([[ita]] [[enim]] appellat atomos) concursione fortuita loqui, Cic. – Oft ist der [[Satz]], [[dessen]] Begründung [[durch]] [[enim]] gegeben wird, in Gedanken zu [[ergänzen]], tum [[Socrates]]: [[non]] [[enim]] paruisti [[mihi]] revocanti, (das ist [[nicht]] zu [[verwundern]]) [[warum]] hast du mir [[denn]] [[nicht]] gehorcht, [[als]] [[ich]] dich zurückrief, Cic. – [[quid]] [[nunc]] futurum est? M. id [[enim]], [[quod]] [[res]] ipsa fert, ei [[nun]] od. [[auf]] jeden [[Fall]] das usw., Ter.: so [[auch]] [[quid]] [[enim]] censes? [[was]] denkst du [[denn]]? Plaut.: u. [[oft]] [[quid]] [[enim]]? [[denn]] [[wie]]? [[denn]] sprich ([[was]] könnte [[gegen]] das Gesagte eingewendet [[werden]])? [[wie]] griech. τί [[γάρ]]; Cic., Hor. u.a.; vgl. Heindorf Hor. [[sat]]. 1, 1, 7. – II) eine [[Behauptung]] bekräftigend, [[auf]] jeden [[Fall]], [[jedenfalls]], [[fürwahr]], in der [[Tat]], [[sicherlich]], [[wirklich]], allerdings, [[freilich]], ja [[wohl]], [[nun]] [[aber]] (s. Brix Plaut. trin. 705), in his est [[enim]] [[aliqua]] [[securitas]], Cic.: id [[enim]] ferendum [[esse]] negat, das [[sei]] [[fürwahr]] [[nicht]] auszuhalten, Liv. – [[quid]] [[tute]] [[tecum]]? Tr. [[nihil]] [[enim]], [[nichts]] [[fürwahr]], Plaut. – u. in ironischer u. unwilliger [[Rede]], [[wie]] Cic. Deiot. 34. Hor. [[sat]]. 2, 5, 79 (u. [[dazu]] Fritzsche). Hor. ep. 1, 19, 44: [[nempe]] [[enim]] tu, [[credo]], me inprudentem obrepseris, ja [[ich]] glaube [[gar]], du willst mich [[übertölpeln]], Plaut. trin. 60. – verb. at [[enim]], [[aber]] ja, [[freilich]], [[dagegen]] [[aber]], Ter. u. Cic.: [[sed]] [[enim]], [[aber]] [[freilich]], [[aber]] allerdings, [[wirklich]] [[aber]], Cic., Verg. u. Ov.: [[quia]] [[enim]], [[weil]] [[wirklich]], [[weil]] ja, [[Komik]]. (s. Brix Plaut. capt. 881. [[Wagner]] Ter. heaut. 881). – / [[enim]] steht gew. an der zweiten, ja dritten usw. [[Stelle]] [[des]] Satzes, [[doch]] [[bei]] den Dramatikern (u. [[bei]] Q. Claud. [[bei]] Gell. 10, 13, 4. Apul. [[met]]. 4, 8; apol. 42) an der [[Spitze]] [[des]] Satzes (s. Lorenz Plaut. mil. 244. Brix Plaut. trin. 705).

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