magister: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>măgister</b>: tri (old orthog., ‡ [[magester]], [[like]] ‡ [[leber]], ‡ [[Menerva]], for [[liber]], [[Minerva]], acc. to Quint. 1, 4, 17), m. a [[double]] [[comparative]] in form, from [[magis]], and [[comparative]] [[ending]] -ter; cf.: [[minister]], [[sinister]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[master]], [[chief]], [[head]], [[superior]], [[director]], [[president]], [[leader]], [[commander]], [[conductor]], etc.: quibus praecipua [[cura]] rerum incumbit, et qui [[magis]] [[quam]] ceteri diligentiam et sollicitudinem rebus, quibus praesunt, debent, hi magistri appellantur, Dig. 50, 16, 57.<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In gen., the [[dictator]] in the earliest times [[was]] called [[magister]] populi, the [[chief]] of the [[people]]: in Magistro populi faciendo, qui [[vulgo]] [[dictator]] appellatur ... qui [[primus]] Magister a [[populo]] creatus est, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. optima lex, p. 198 Müll.: ([[sapiens]]) rectius appellabitur rex [[quam]] [[Tarquinius]], qui nec se nec suos regere potuit: rectius [[magister]] populi (is [[enim]] [[dictator]] est) [[quam]] [[Sulla]], qui trium pestiferorum vitiorum, luxuriae, avaritiae, crudelitatis [[magister]] fuit, Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 75; cf. also [[below]] the [[passage]], Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.; Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 9: [[dictator]] [[quidem]] ab eo appellatur, [[quia]] dicitur: sed in nostris libris (sc. auguralibus) vides eum magistrum populi appellari, id. Rep. 1, 40, 63 Creuz.; cf., [[with]] [[reference]] to this [[passage]], Sen. Ep. 108, 31: Larcum moderatorem et magistrum consulibus [[appositum]], Liv. 2, 18, 5.—Magister equitum, the [[chief]] of the [[cavalry]], appointed by the [[dictator]]: [[magister]] equitum, [[quod]] [[summa]] [[potestas]] hujus in equites et accensos, ut est [[summa]] populi [[dictator]], a quo is [[quoque]] [[magister]] populi appellatus, Varr. L. L. 5, § 82 Müll.: [[dictator]] magistrum equitum dicit L. Tarquitium, Liv. 3, 27; 7, 21 fin.; 23, 11: fumosi equitum magistri, in a [[family]] [[tree]], Juv. 8, 8.—So, [[magister]] [[peditum]] ([[analogous]] to [[magister]] equitum), [[chief]] of the [[infantry]], Amm. 21, 12, 16. —The [[censor]] is called [[magister]] [[morum]], [[master]] of [[morals]], Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 2: [[magister]] sacrorum, the [[chief]] [[priest]], Liv. 39, 18 fin.; v. Drak. ad loc.; so, PVBLICVS SACRORVM (or SACERDOTVM), Inscr. Orell. 2351: FRATRVM ARVALIVM, ib. 2426: SALIORVM, ib. 2247; 2419: LARVM AVGVSTI, ib. 1661 et saep.: curiae, the [[overseer]] of a [[curia]], Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 29: vici, the [[overseer]] of a [[quarter]] or [[ward]], Suet. Aug. 30: chori canentium, a [[head]]-chorister, [[leader]] of a [[choir]], Col. 12, 2: officiorum and operarum, a [[superintendent]], [[bailiff]], id. 1, 18: scripturae and in scripturā, a [[director]] of a [[company]] of farmers-[[general]], Cic. Att. 5, 15, 3; id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; cf.: P. [[Terentius]] operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro [[magistro]] dedit, i. e. has performed the functions of a [[magister]], [[was]] [[vice]]-[[director]], id. Att. 11, 10, 1: quaesivi, qui per eos annos magistri illius societatis fuissent, id. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182: P. [[Rupilius]], qui est [[magister]] in ea societate, id. Fam. 13, 9, 2: maximarum societatum [[auctor]], plurimarum [[magister]], id. Planc. 13, 32: pecoris, a [[chief]] [[herdsman]], Varr. R. R. 2, 10; cf. Verg. G. 3, 445: elephanti, [[conductor]], Sil. 4, 616: auctionis, the [[director]], [[superintendent]], [[conductor]] of an [[auction]], Cic. Quint. 15, 50; cf.: is quem putabant magistrum [[fore]], si bona venirent, id. Att. 1, 1, 3; 6, 1, 15; an [[officer]] charged [[with]] distributing [[money]] [[among]] the [[people]], Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 3.—Law t. t., an [[agent]] or [[assignee]] to [[dispose]] of a [[debtor]]'s [[goods]]: [[praetor]] jubet convenire creditores, et ex eo [[numero]] magistrum creari, id est eum per quem bona veneant, Gai. Inst. 3, 79: convivii, the [[master]] or [[president]] of a [[feast]], Varr. L. L. 5, § 122 Müll.; App. Mag. p. 336, 11: [[navis]], the [[master]] or [[captain]] of a [[ship]], Dig. 14, 1, 1; Gai. Inst. 4, 71; so [[without]] [[navis]], Juv. 12, 79: gubernatores et magistri navium, Liv. 29, 25, 7; 45, 42, 3; the [[steersman]], [[pilot]]: [[ipse]] gubernaclo [[rector]] subit, [[ipse]] [[magister]], Verg. A. 5, 176; 1, 115; 6, 353; Val. Fl. 1, 18; 1, 382; Luc. 2, 696; Sil. 4, 719: samnitium, i. e. of the gladiators, a fencing-[[master]], Cic. de Or. 3, 23, 86: magistri tabernae, innkeepers, Paul. Sent. 2, 8, 3.—In inscrr. are [[found]] also: fani, horreorum, collegii, memoriae, munerum, [[Augustalis]], admissionum, epistolarum, libellorum, etc.; [[likewise]]: a bibliothecā, ab marmoribus, etc.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[teacher]], [[instructor]], Cic. Phil. 2, 4, 8: pueri [[apud]] magistros exercentur, id. de Or. 1, 57, 244: artium lberalium magistri, id. Inv. 1, 25, 35; cf.: virtutis magistri, id. Mur. 31, 65; id. N. D. 1, 26, 72: rarum ac memorabile magni Gutturis [[exemplum]] conducendusque [[magister]], Juv. 2, 114.—Transf., of inanim. things: [[magister]] mihi [[exercitor]] [[animus]] [[nunc]] est, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 4; id. Curc. 2, 2, 8: [[stilus]] [[optimus]] dicendi [[effector]] ac [[magister]], Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 150; Pers. prol. 10: [[timor]], non [[diuturnus]] [[magister]] officii, Cic. Phil. 2, 36, 90.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; An [[educator]] of children, a [[tutor]], [[pedagogue]]: senes me filiis relinquunt [[quasi]] magistrum, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 21: docendis [[publice]] juvenibus [[magister]], Gell. 19, 9, 2. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[master]], [[owner]], [[keeper]]: trepidumque magistrum In [[cavea]] magno fremitu leo tollet [[alumnus]], Juv. 14, 246.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>4</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[master]] of his [[art]], [[professor]]: a tonsore [[magistro]] Pecteris, Juv. 6, 26.—<br /><b>II</b> Trop., an [[adviser]], [[instigator]], [[author]] of [[any]] [[thing]] ([[very]] [[rare]]): si [[quis]] magistrum cepit ad eam rem improbum, Ter. And. 1, 2, 21: [[magister]] ad despoliandum Dianae [[templum]], Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 21, § 54.—As adj.: rituque [[magistro]] Plurima Niliacis tradant mendacia biblis, Sedul. 1, 15.

{{Georges

|georg=magister, trī, m. ([[Stamm]] mag-, wov. [[auch]] [[magnus]]), [[Meister]] = Vorgesetzter, [[Vorsteher]], [[Leiter]], [[Direktor]], [[Anführer]], [[Aufseher]], I) eig.: 1) im allg.: populi, [[Diktator]], Cic.: equitum, Amtsgehülfe [[des]] Diktators u. [[zugleich]] [[Befehlshaber]] der [[Reiterei]], Liv.: sacrorum (griech. [[ἀρχιερεύς]]), Liv.: Saliorum, Inscr.: [[rei]] [[militaris]], Liv.: militiae, Heermeister, [[Feldherr]], Liv.: armorum, Feldzeugmeister ([[Oberbefehlshaber]]), Amm.: [[morum]], Sittenvorsteher (v. [[Zensor]]), Cic.: curiae, Plaut.: [[vici]], [[Viertelsmeister]], Bezirksvorsteher, Suet.: pagi (griech. [[κώμαρχος]]), Dorfschultheiß, Gromat. vet.: chori canentium, Musikdirektor, Kapellmeister, Colum.: operum (operarum), [[Aufseher]], [[Vogt]], Colum.: so [[auch]] officiorum singulorum, Colum.: [[aber]] mag. officiorum, Kanzler, [[Minister]] [[des]] Innern, Amm.: [[magister]] admissionum, s. [[admissio]]: fulloniae [[artis]], Corp. inscr. Lat. 13, 8345: societatis od. in societate, [[Direktor]] der [[Gesellschaft]] der Generalpächter (publicani), Cic.: scripturae od. in [[scriptura]] u. [[portus]], [[bei]] den Einkünften aus den Viehtriften u. Zöllen, Cic. (dah. in [[scriptura]] [[pro]] [[magistro]] dat operas, macht den [[Vizedirektor]], Cic.): pecoris, [[Oberhirt]] [[bei]] den größeren Herden, Cic.: u. so regii pecoris, Liv.: pecorum [[magister]], Orest. tr.: ovium, [[Schafhirt]], Verg.: asini, [[Eigentümer]], [[Treiber]], Apul.: elephanti, [[Führer]] Kornak, Liv. u. Sil.: convivii (griech. συμποσιαρχος), der [[Anordner]] eines Schmauses, Gelages, der Zechmeister (der [[auch]] die [[Zahl]] der [[jedesmal]] zu trinkenden [[Becher]] bestimmte), [[Varro]]: so [[auch]] mag. cenandi, Cic., od. cenae, Mart.: [[navis]], Schiffskapitän, [[auf]] einem Kriegsschiffe ([[ναύαρχος]]), Liv. u.a. (s. Burmann Petron. 101), od. [[Schiffspatron]] eines Kauffahrteischiffes ([[ναύκληρος]]), Hor.; b. Dichtern [[auch]] = [[Steuermann]], s. [[Drak]]. Sil. 4, 719; Burmann Val. Flacc. 1, 382: navigandi [[magister]], [[Steuermann]], Amm.: mag. epistularum, [[Geheimschreiber]], Spart.: mag. memoriae, Kanzleidirektor, Amm.: [[magister]] scrinii, [[Vorsteher]] der Hofkanzlei, Eutr. – ludi [[magister]], [[Schulmeister]], [[Schullehrer]], Cic.: dass. mag. disciplinae, Colum.: ludi litterarii mag., Elementarlehrer, Aur. Vict. u. Amm.: dass. mag. [[litterarius]], Vopisc. – 2) insbes.: a) der Geschützmeister, Amm. 23, 4, 6. – b) der [[Kurator]] der [[Masse]] (Konkursmasse), Cic. u.a. (s. Lachmann [[Gaius]] inst. 3, 79. p. 239). – c) der [[Lehrmeister]], [[Lehrer]] (Ggstz. [[discipulus]]), α) übh.: artium, Cic.: artium liberalium, Augustin.: coquinae, Isid.: [[rhetoricus]], Amm.: religionis, Cic.: virtutis, Cic.: m. Dat., docendis [[publice]] iuvenibus [[magister]], öffentlicher [[Lehrer]], Gell. 19, 9, 2: operam pingendo [[sub]] [[magistro]] Diogeneto dare, Capit.: puerorum (Sklaven) impudentiam [[sub]] [[magistro]] habere, [[einüben]] [[lassen]], Sen.: [[uti]] [[magistro]] [[volo]], Cic. – übtr., [[stilus]] [[optimus]] dicendi [[magister]], Cic.: [[magister]] [[artis]] ingeniique [[largitor]] [[venter]], Pers.: est omnium rerum [[magister]] [[usus]], Caes.: [[usus]] est [[magister]] [[optimus]], Cic.: [[quod]] me docuit [[usus]] [[magister]] [[egregius]], Plin. ep.: stultorum [[iste]] ([[eventus]]) [[magister]] est, Liv.: [[timor]], [[non]] [[diuturnus]] [[magister]] officii, Cic. – β) der Fechtmeister der Gladiatoren, Mart. 5, 24, 3. Tert. ad mart. 1. – γ) [[ein]] [[Lehrer]] im Transchieren, Iuven. 5, 122. – d) der [[Aufseher]] [[über]] die [[Jugend]], Pädagoge, Ter. Phorm. 72. – II) übtr., [[Tonangeber]], [[Aufmunterer]], [[Urheber]], [[Lehrmeister]], si [[quis]] magistrum cepit ad [[eam]] rem improbum, Ter.: [[qui]] [[dux]] [[isti]] [[quondam]] et [[magister]] ad despoliandum Dianae [[templum]] fuit, Cic.: [[saepe]] in magistrum scelera redierunt sua, Sen. poët. – übtr., ritu [[magistro]], Sedul. carm. 1, 6 (15). – / Nbf. [[magester]], s. [[bes]]. – Nom. Plur. magistres, Corp. inscr. Lat. 1, 1293 u. 1540. 14, 2875. Vgl. Georges Lexik. der lat. Wortf. S. 402.

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