robur: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>rōbur</b>: (rōbor, v. Lucr. p. 140 Lachm.; also an [[older]] form rōbus, [[Cato]], R. R. 17, 1; Col. 2, 6, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 264 Müll.), ŏris, n. cf. Sanscr. radh-as, [[abundance]]; Gr. [[ῥώννυμι]] for ῥώθνυμι,> to [[strengthen]], [[ῥώμη]],<br /><b>I</b> a [[very]] [[hard]] [[kind]] of [[oak]] (cf.: [[quercus]], [[ilex]]), Plin. 16, 6, 8, § 19; 16, 7, 10, § 28; 16, 38, 73, § 186; 16, 40, 76, § 204; 16, 40, 77, § 218.— Hence,<br /><b>I</b> Lit.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen., a [[very]] [[hard]] [[kind]] of [[tree]] or [[wood]]: [[morsus]] roboris, i. e. of the [[wild]] [[olive]], Verg. A. 12, 783 (a [[little]] [[before]]: foliis [[oleaster]] amaris Hic steterat); so of the [[same]], id. G. 2, 305; cf.: [[solido]] de robore [[myrtus]], id. ib. 2, 64: annoso validam robore quercum, i. e. of an old and [[sturdy]] [[trunk]], id. A. 4, 441; so, annoso robore [[quercus]], Ov. M. 8, 743: [[antiquo]] robore [[quercus]], [[with]] [[ancient]] [[trunk]], Verg. G. 3, 332: Massyla, i. e. citri, Stat. S. 3, 3, 94; also, Maurorum, id. ib. 4, 2, 39.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Absol., usu., an [[oak]]-[[tree]], an [[oak]] in gen.: fixa est [[pariter]] cum robore [[cervix]], i. e. [[was]] pinned [[fast]] to the [[oak]], Ov. M. 3, 92: agitata robora pulsant (delphines), id. ib. 1, 303.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>3</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Oak-[[wood]], [[oak]]: naves totae factae ex robore, Caes. B. G. 3, 13; cf.: ([[sapiens]]) non est e saxo [[sculptus]] aut e robore [[dolatus]], Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101; and [[with]] this cf. id. Div. 2, 41, 85. — Poet.: [[illi]] [[robur]] et aes [[triplex]] [[Circa]] [[pectus]] erat, Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.: o saxis [[nimirum]] et robore nati! Stat. Th. 4, 340. —<br /><b>II</b> Transf.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> Of things made of [[oak]] or of [[any]] [[other]] [[hard]] [[wood]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In gen.: Lacedaemonii cottidianis epulis in robore accumbunt, i. e. on [[oaken]], [[hard]] benches, Cic. Mur. 35, 74.— So of the [[wooden]] [[horse]] [[before]] [[Troy]]: [[sacrum]], Verg. A. 2, 230; of a [[lance]]: ferro praefixum, id. ib. 10, 479; Sil. 2, 244; 267; of a [[club]], Ov. M. 12, 349; Mart. 9, 44, 4 et saep.: aratri, i. e. the [[oaken]] [[plough]], Verg. G. 1, 162; Val. Fl. 7, 555.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In partic., the [[lower]] and stronger [[part]] of the [[prison]] at [[Rome]], built by [[Servius]] [[Tullius]], [[was]] called Robur (also Tullianum): Robus in carcere dicitur is [[locus]], quo praecipitatur maleficorum [[genus]], [[quod]] [[ante]] arcis robusteis includebatur, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. robum, p. 264 Müll.: in robore et tenebris exspiret, Liv. 38, 59 fin.: [[robur]] et [[saxum]] minitari, Tac. A. 4, 29; Val. Max. 6, 3, 1: verbera, carnifices, [[robur]], Lucr. 3, 1017; Hor. C. 2, 13, 19 (v. [[carcer]] and Tullianum).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> Hardness, [[strength]], [[firmness]], [[vigor]], [[power]] (cf. [[vires]]; v. Fabri ad Liv. 21, 1, 2).<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Lit.: duri robora ferri, Lucr. 2, 449; so, ferri, Verg. A. 7, 609: saxi, Lucr. 1, 882: navium, Liv. 37, 30: omnia [[pariter]] crescunt et robora sumunt, [[gain]] [[strength]], Lucr. 5, 820; 895; cf.: qui si jam [[satis]] aetatis [[atque]] roboris haberet, [[ipse]] pro Sex. Roscio diceret, Cic. Rosc. Am. 51, 149: [[paululum]] jam roboris accessit aetati, id. Cael. 30, 73: solidaeque suo stant robore [[vires]], Verg. A. 2, 639; Vulg. Judic. 8, 21: si [[quod]] est [[robur]], Flor. 2, 1, 1.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Trop., [[power]], [[strength]], [[force]], [[vigor]] ([[very]] freq.): [[alter]] virtutis robore firmior [[quam]] aetatis, Cic. Phil. 10, 8, 16: in animi excelsi [[atque]] invicti magnitudine ac robore, id. Off. 1, 5, 14; so, animi ([[with]] [[magnitudo]]), id. de Or. 2, 84, 343; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95: [[robur]] incredibile animi, id. Mil. 37, 101: [[quantum]] in cujusque [[animo]] roboris est ac nervorum, id. Fam. 6, 1, 3: [[multo]] [[plus]] firmamenti ac roboris, id. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; so ([[with]] [[firmamentum]]) id. Mur. 28, 58; ([[with]] [[firmitas]]) id. Fin. 5, 5, 12: hi tot equites Romani [[quid]] roboris hujus petitioni attulerunt? id. Planc. 8, 21: [[pectus]] robore fultum, Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11: te mea robora fallunt, id. H. 16, 367: velocitate pari, robore animi virumque praestanti, Liv. 24, 26, 11: verba quanti roboris plena, Sen. Ep 10, 3: qui [[robur]] aliquod in [[stilo]] fecerint, Quint. 10, 3, 10; cf.: [[robur]] oratorium adicere sententiis, id. 10, 5, 4; 8, prooem. § 3: [[illi]] [[robur]] et aes [[triplex]] [[Circa]] [[pectus]] erat, Hor. C. 1, 3, 9; cf.: O saxis [[nimirum]] et robore nati, Stat. Th. 4, 340. —<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Authority: nostrarum constitutionum, Just. Inst. prooem. 6.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>c</b> Concr., the strongest, [[most]] [[effective]], or [[best]] [[part]], the [[pith]], [[kernel]], [[strength]] of [[any]] [[thing]]; of soldiers, the [[flower]] of the [[troops]], [[choice]] [[troops]], etc. (freq. and [[class]].): versaris in optimorum civium vel flore vel robore, Cic. Or. 10, 34: et [[robur]] et [[suboles]] militum interiit, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33; cf.: [[quod]] fuit roboris, duobus proeliis interiit, Caes. B. C. 3, 87: [[quod]] roboris ea [[provincia]] habuerat, Liv. 30, 2; Ov. M. 14, 454 al.: senatūs [[robur]], Liv. 5, 39. — Plur.: [[tunc]] C. [[Flavius]] Pusio, Cn. Titinnius, C. [[Maecenas]], [[illa]] robora populi Romani, Cic. Clu. 56, 163: haec sunt nostra robora, id. Att. 6, 5, 3; Liv. 7, 7; 12; 21, 54; 22, 6; 23, 16; 25, 6 init.: robora [[pubis]], Verg. A. 8, 518; Ov. M. 7, 510: ingentia robora virorum, Plin. [[Pan]]. 34, 3: conferta robora virorum, Curt. 3, 5, 13: betae, i. e. stalks, Col. poët. 10, 326. — Of a [[place]], a [[stronghold]]: [[quod]] coloniam virium et opum validam [[robur]] ac sedem [[bello]] legisset, Tac. H. 2, 19.—Absol.: [[robus]], the [[name]] of an [[excellent]] [[kind]] of [[wheat]]: [[quoniam]] et pondere et nitore [[praestat]], Col. 2, 6, 1.

{{Georges

|georg=rōbur (altlat. rōbus), oris, n. (aus *rōbos, vgl. rōbustus), das Starke, I) eig., das Starkholz, Hartholz, Kernholz, [[bes]]. das [[Eichenholz]], die Eiche, a) im allg.: [[robur]] querceum [[vel]] subereum, Colum.: [[quercus]] [[antiquo]] robore, Verg.: annoso robore, Verg. u. Ov.: fixa est [[pariter]] cum robore [[cervix]], [[mit]] der Eiche, Ov.: naves [[totae]] factae ex robore, Caes.: u. so [[sapiens]] [[non]] est e saxo [[sculptus]] [[aut]] e robore [[dolatus]], Cic. – poet. v. and. Hartholz, [[morsus]] roboris, [[des]] Oleasters, Verg.: robora Maurorum, Citrusbäume, Stat. – b) κατ᾽ εξ. – die [[sehr]] harte [[Steineiche]], Plin. 16, 19 ([[neben]] [[ilex]], [[quercus]] etc.) u.a. – II) meton.: A) [[von]] den aus Eichen- od. anderem hartem Holze bereiteten Ggstdn.: a) übh.: in robore accumbunt, [[auf]] eichenen, harten Bänken, Cic.: r. aratri, eichener [[Pflug]], Verg.: r. [[sacrum]], das hölzerne [[Pferd]] [[von]] [[Troja]], Verg.: [[robur]] praefixum ferro, [[Speer]], [[Lanze]], Verg.: u. so r. [[letale]], Sil.: [[robur]] impingere, [[Mauerbrecher]], Lucan.: substernere robora (eichene [[Balken]]), Min. Fel. – b) insbes., der [[von]] [[Servius]] [[Tullius]] im röm. Staatsgefängnisse ([[carcer]]) angelegte schauerliche unterirdische [[Kerker]], in dem schwere Staatsverbrecher [[gefangen]] gehalten u. [[auch]] hingerichtet wurden, [[nach]] dem [[Erbauer]] [[auch]] [[Tullianum]] [[gen]]., Liv. 38, 59, 10. Tac. ann. 4, 29. Hor. carm. 2, 13, 19: archaist. [[robus]], Paul. ex [[Fest]]. 264, 12. – B) die [[Härte]], [[Stärke]], [[Festigkeit]], [[Kraft]] eines Ggstds., 1) [[als]] [[Eigenschaft]]: a) v. phys. [[Härte]] usw., r. ferri, Verg.: saxi, Lucr.: [[navium]], Liv. – [[omnia]] [[pariter]] crescunt et robora sumunt, gewinnt [[Kraft]], Lucr. – v. [[Körperkraft]], die [[Manneskraft]], [[Rüstigkeit]], [[robur]] et [[colos]] imperatoris, Liv.: rob. iuventae, Liv.: [[qui]] ([[Messala]]) si [[iam]] [[satis]] aetatis [[atque]] roboris haberet, [[ipse]] [[pro]] Sex. Roscio diceret, Cic.: cum [[paululum]] [[iam]] roboris accessisset aetati, Cic. – b) v. polit. [[Macht]], [[neque]] his ipsis [[tantum]] [[umquam]] [[virium]] [[aut]] roboris fuit, Liv. 21, 1, 2. – c) v. geistiger u. moralischer [[Kraft]], [[Stärke]], [[alter]] virtutis robore firmior [[quam]] aetatis, Cic.: r. incredibile animi, Cic.: grave magnanimi [[robur]] Rutili, Ov.: [[quantum]] in cuiusque [[animo]] roboris est ac nervorum, Cic.: [[quid]] roboris attulerunt, Cic. – sententiis adicere [[oratorium]] [[robur]], rednerischen [[Nachdruck]] [[geben]], Quint.: m. Gen. Gerund., [[robur]] dicendi, Quint. – 2) konkr., der stärkste, kräftigste [[Teil]] eines Ggstds., [[Kraft]], [[Kern]], [[Stamm]], a) übh.: versaris in optimorum civium [[vel]] flore [[vel]] robore, Cic.: [[Celtiberi]], id est [[robur]] Hispaniae, [[Flor]].: poet., r. betae, [[Stengel]], Colum. poët. – Plur., C. [[Flavius]] [[Pusio]], Cn. [[Titinius]], C. [[Maecenas]], [[illa]] robora populi [[Romani]], Cic.: ingentia robora virorum, Plin. pan. – b) v. Soldaten, der [[Kern]], die [[Kerntruppen]], der [[alte]] [[Stamm]], et [[robur]] et [[suboles]] militum periit, As. Poll. in Cic. ep.: [[quod]] fuit roboris duobus proeliis interiit, Caes. – Plur., [[haec]] sunt nostra robora, Cic.: robora [[peditum]], centurionum, Liv. – c) v. [[einer]] Örtl., der [[Stützpunkt]], [[quod]] coloniam [[virium]] et opum validam [[robur]] ac sedem ([[Herd]]) [[bello]] legisset, zu fester Basis [[des]] Kr., Tac. hist. 2, 19. – d) (archaist. [[robus]]) eine vorzügl. schwere [[Art]] [[Weizen]], Kraftweizen, Colum. 2, 6, 1. – C) der Starrkrampf, [[als]] [[Krankheit]] der Pferde, Pelagon. veterin. 23 (294 Ihm); vgl. Veget. mul. 5, 23. § 3 u. 17. – / Archaist. [[Form]] [[robus]], [[Cato]] r. r. 17, 1. Colum. 2, 6, 1. – Bei den Gramm. ([[Charis]]. 30, 5; 43, 31; 86, 5; 119, 2. Prisc. de accent. 24. p. 524, 2 K. [[Phocas]] 416, 10 K.) u. in [[sehr]] guten Hdschrn., [[doch]] [[nicht]] in den Ausgaben, [[auch]] [[robor]], s. Lachm. Lucr. 2, 1131. p. 140. [[Neue]] Wagener-Formenl. 1, 270.

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