signum: Difference between revisions

{{Lewis

|lshtext=<b>signum</b>: i, n. perh. Sanscr. [[sag]]-, to cling to, adhere; cf. [[sigilla]].<br /><b>I</b> In gen., a [[mark]], token, [[sign]], [[indication]] ([[very]] [[frequent]] in all styles and periods; cf. [[insigne]]): meo patri [[torulus]] inerit [[aureus]] Sub petaso: id [[signum]] Amphitruoni non erit, Plaut. Am. prol. 145 sq.: ut eam (nutricem) adducam et signa ostendam haec, i. e. [[crepundia]], Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 38; 5, 3, 5: ut fures earum rerum, quas ceperunt, signa commutant, etc., Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74; so ([[with]] notae) id. de Or. 2, 41, 174; id. Lael. 17, 62; cf.: omne probabile aut [[signum]] est aut credibile ... Signum est, [[quod]] sub sensum aliquem cadit et quiddam significat, [[quod]] ex ipso profectum videtur, etc., id. Inv. 1, 30, 47 sq.: aut pecori [[signum]] aut numeros inpressit acervis, Verg. G. 1, 263; cf.: servitii [[signum]] cervice [[gerens]], Ov. M. 3, 16: jaculo mihi vulnera fecit.—Signa vides: apparet [[adhuc]] [[vetus]] [[ecce]] [[cicatrix]], Ov. M. 12, 444: metam Constituit [[signum]] nautis [[pater]], [[unde]] reverti Scirent, etc., Verg. A. 5, 130: [[scutum]] signi [[gratia]] positum, Quint. 6, 3, 38: signa [[pedum]], tracks, prints, Ov. M. 4, 543; and [[simply]] signa, Verg. A. 8, 212 al.: oculis mihi [[signum]] dedit, Ne se appellarem, Plaut. Mil. 2, 1, 45: [[dare]], Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 11: dicere deos gallis [[signum]] dedisse cantandi, Cic. Div. 2, 26, 57 al.: signa esse ad salutem, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2: animi pudentis [[signum]], id. Heaut. 1, 1, 68: [[color]] pudoris [[signum]], id. And. 5, 3, 7: signa doloris ostendere, Cic. de Or. 2, 45, 190: mortis [[dare]], Lucr. 6, 1182: timoris mittere, to [[exhibit]], [[display]], Caes. B. C. 1, 71 et saep.—With obj.-[[clause]]: magnum hoc [[quoque]] [[signum]] est, dominam esse [[extra]] noxiam, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 57; Nep. Att. 17, 2.—In predic. gen. [[with]] neutr. pron.: hoc est signi; ubi [[primum]] poterit, se [[illinc]] subducet, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 14: id erit signi me invitum facere, [[quod]], etc., Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 83; Auct. Her. 4, 5, 8; [[Cato]], R. R. 38, 4; 88, 2: nil [[tamen]] est signi, Lucr. 5, 918; cf.: [[quid]] signi? Cic. Cael. 16, 38, 2.— Hence, a [[surname]], epithet ([[rare]]): huic [[signum]] [[exercitus]] apposuit, Vop. Am. 6; cf. [[Capitol]]. Gord. 4.—<br /><b>II</b> In partic.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>A</b> In milit. lang.<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>1</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The [[distinctive]] [[sign]] of a [[division]] of an [[army]].<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>a</b> A [[military]] [[standard]], [[ensign]], [[banner]] (including the [[aquila]]): signifero interfecto, [[signo]] amisso, Caes. B. G. 2, 25: ut [[neque]] signiferi viam, nec signa milites cernerent, Liv. 33, 7: [[Hasdrubal]] ut [[procul]] signa legionum fulgentia vidit, id. 28, 14; 22, 21; Col. 9, 9, 4: [[inter]] signa militaria, Hor. Epod. 9, 15: cum unius signi militibus pergit [[ire]], Liv. 33, 1: signa militaria ex [[proelio]] relata, Caes. B. C. 3, 99; so, militaria, id. B. G. 7, 2; Plin. 33, 33, 19, § 58.— Hence the expressions: signa sequi, to [[follow]] the standards, to [[march]] in [[military]] [[order]], Sall. J. 80, 2; Liv. 24, 48, 11: signa subsequi, to [[keep]] in [[order]] of [[battle]], Caes. B. G. 4, 26: signa observare, Sall. J. 51, 1: signa servare, Liv. 8, 34, 10; Veg. Mil. 1, 9: ab signis discedere, to [[desert]] the standards, [[leave]] the ranks, Caes. B. G. 5, 16; 5, 33 fin.; id. B. C. 1, 44; Liv. 25, 20 al.; cf.: ab ordinibus signisque discedere, Front. Strat. 1, 5, 3: signa relinquere, to [[desert]], Sall. C. 9, 4; Liv. 5, 6 al.: signa deserere, Liv. 8, 34, 9: signa ferre, i. e. to [[break]] up the [[camp]], Caes. B. G. 1, 39 fin.; 1, 40; Liv. 2, 49, 3; 10, 5 al.; for [[which]]: movere signa, id. 1, 14, 9; 27, 2, 12; Verg. G. 3, 236; and: tollere, Vell. 2, 61, 2; Auct. B. Alex. 57, 1; [[but]]: ferte signa in hostem, [[attack]], Liv. 9, 23, 13: signa constituere, to [[halt]], Caes. B. G. 7, 47; cf.: infestis [[contra]] hostes signis constiterunt, id. ib. 7, 51: signa proferre, to [[advance]], Liv. 4, 32, 10: signa convertere, to [[wheel]], [[turn]], or [[face]] [[about]], Caes. B. G. 1, 25 fin.; 2, 26: Liv. 8, 11; 2, 14; 4, 29; for [[which]], vertere signa, id. 9, 35: signa inferre (in aliquem), to [[advance]] to the [[attack]], [[make]] an [[assault]], Caes. B. G. 1, 25 fin.; 2, 26; 7, 67; id. B. C. 2, 42; Cic. Phil. 5, 8, 23; Sall. J. 56, 5; Liv. 2, 53; 9, 27; 44, 12 al; cf.: signa conferre cum [[aliquo]], to [[engage]] [[with]], [[engage]] in [[close]] [[fight]], Cic. Att. 7, 5, 5; id. Pis. 21, 49; and cf.: collatis signis pugnare, superare aliquem, etc., Plaut. Cas. 2, 5, 44; Liv. 1, 33; 2, 50; Cic. Imp. Pomp. 23, 66; [[but]] conferre signa also [[means]] [[simply]] to [[bring]] the standards [[together]] (to one [[place]]), Caes. B. G. 7, 2; 2, 25; Liv. 37, 21: signa in laevum [[cornu]] confert, concentrates his [[troops]], id. 7, 15, 4: signa transferre, to [[desert]], Caes. B. C. 1, 24: signa convellere, to [[take]] up the standards, [[which]] had been [[fixed]] in the [[ground]], Liv. 3, 7, 3; 3, 54, 10; 5, 37, 4; so, vellere signa, id. 3, 50, 11; Verg. G. 4, 108: revellere signa, Luc. 7, 77; cf.: signa figere, to [[encamp]], Amm. 27, 10, 9: defigere signa, Sil. 8, 625: sub signis ducere legiones, [[ire]], esse, etc., [[together]], in [[order]], in [[rank]] and [[file]], Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 71 ([[with]] ordine); Cic. Att. 16, 8, 2; Liv. 3, 51; Tac. H. 2, 14: signa hostium turbare, to [[throw]] [[into]] [[disorder]], Liv. 9, 73: [[ante]] signa, [[before]] the [[army]], id. 5, 18; 6, 7; 7, 16: [[post]] signa, id. 2, 49.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Transf., in gen.: infestis [[prope]] signis inferuntur [[Galli]] in Fonteium, Cic. Font. 20, 44 (16, 34).—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>b</b> Esp., the [[standard]] or [[ensign]] of [[single]] cohorts and maniples (opp. [[aquila]], the [[standard]] of the [[entire]] [[legion]]): cum fasces, cum tubas, cum signa militaria, cum aquilam illam argenteam ... scirem esse praemissam, Cic. Cat. 2, 6, 13; Galb. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 5; Suet. Calig. 14 fin. Oud.; Tac. A. 1, 18; id. H. 2, 29 fin.; Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23; Luc. 1, 6; 1, 224 al. (cf. [[aquila]], 2.): manipulos [[exercitus]] minimas [[manus]] quae unum sequuntur [[signum]], Varr. L. L. 5, § 88 Müll.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>(b)</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; [[Meton]]., a [[cohort]], a maniple: [[octo]] cohortes in fronte constituit, reliquarum signa in subsidio [[artius]] collocat, Sall. C. 59, 2; Liv. 8, 9; 25, 23 fin.; 33, 1; 27, 14; 28, 14; Auct. B. Hisp. 18, 3.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>2</b>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; A [[sign]], [[signal]]; a watchword, [[password]], given by a [[wind]]-[[instrument]], by the [[tessera]], or [[otherwise]]: [[signum]] tubā [[dare]], Caes. B. G. 2, 20; 7, 81: proelii committendi [[dare]], id. ib. 2, 21: recipiendi [[dare]], id. ib. 7, 52: receptui [[dare]], Liv. 4, 31; 26, 45; 3, 22; cf. Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: [[signum]] [[dare]] ut, etc., Liv. 2, 20; 4, 39: proelii exposcere, Caes. B. G. 7, 19: concinere, id. B. C. 3, 92 fin.; Liv. 30, 5; cf. Tac. A. 1, 68: canere, Sall. C. 59, 1; id. J. 99, 1; Liv. 1, 1; 4, 31; 27, 47; Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 3 al. (v. [[cano]]).—For the [[chariot]] [[race]]: [[signum]] mittendis quadrigis [[dare]], Liv. 8, 40, 3: [[signum]] mittere, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 48, 107: [[signo]] Felicitatis [[dato]], the [[word]], watchword, [[Felicitas]], Auct. B. Afr. 83: [[signum]] petere, Suet. Calig. 56; id. Claud. 42; id. Ner. 9; cf.: it [[bello]] [[tessera]] [[signum]], Verg. A. 7, 637.—Transf.: tu illam (virtutem) jubes [[signum]] petere, i. e. to be in [[subjection]], Sen. Ben. 4, 2, 2.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>B</b> A [[sign]] or token of [[any]] [[thing]] to [[come]]; a prognostic, [[symptom]] (cf.: [[portentum]], [[indicium]]): [[ipse]] et [[equus]] ejus [[repente]] concidit: nec eam rem habuit religioni, objecto [[signo]], ut peritis videbatur, ne committeret [[proelium]], Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: medici signa quaedam habent ex venis et ex spiritu aegroti, id. ib. 2, 70, 145; cf. Verg. G. 3, 440; 3, 503; 4, 253; Cels. 2, 3: prospera signa [[dare]], Ov. H. 18 (19), 152.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>C</b> An [[image]], as a [[work]] of [[art]]; a [[figure]], [[statue]], [[picture]], etc. (syn.: [[effigies]], [[imago]], [[simulacrum]]); inerant (classi) signa expressa, Titani [[quomodo]], etc., Naev. 2, 13: statuas deorum, exempla earum facierum, s gna domi pro supellectile statuere, [[Cato]] ap. Prisc. p. 782 P.: [[signum]] pictum in pariete, Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 44: [[signum]] in [[fano]], id. Rud. 2, 7, 2: aëna signa, Lucr. 1, 318: [[ante]] [[signum]] Jovis Statoris concidit, Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77: [[signum]] aeneum, marmoreum, eburneum, id. Verr. 2, 4, 1, § 1; cf. id. Off. 1, 41, 147; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 248: [[cratera]] impressum signis, Verg. A. 5, 536; 5, 267; 9, 263: ([[vestis]]) [[auro]] signisque ingentibus apta, Lucr. 5, 1428: ex ornatis aedibus per aulaea et signa, Sall. H. 2, 23, 2 Dietsch: pallam signis auroque rigentem, Verg. A. 1, 648: e Pario formatum marmore [[signum]], Ov. M. 3, 419; cf. id. ib. 5, 183; 12, 398: statuas, signa, picturas commendet, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 5.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>D</b> An [[image]] or [[device]] on a [[seal]]-[[ring]]; a [[seal]], [[signet]]: ostendi tabellas Lentulo, et quaesivi, cognosceretne [[signum]]. Annuit. Est [[vero]], [[inquam]], notum [[signum]], [[imago]] avi tui, etc., Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10: ([[patera]]) in cistulā obsignata [[signo]] est, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 265; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 117: tabulae maximae signis hominum nobilium consignantur, id. Quint. 6, 25: imprimat his signa tabellis, Hor. S. 2, 6, 38: litterae integris signis praetoribus traduntur, Cic. Cat. 3, 3, 6; Sall. C. 47, 3: [[signo]] laeso non insanire lagenae, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 134: [[volumen]] sub [[signo]] habere, to [[have]] under [[seal]], Cic. Att. 9, 10, 4; cf.: sub [[signo]] claustrisque rei publicae positum [[vectigal]], id. Agr. 1, 7, 21: nec [[pacta]] conventaque inpressis signis custodirentur, Sen. Ben. 3, 15, 1: cum sol duodena peregit signa, Ov. M. 13, 618.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>E</b> A [[sign]] in the heavens, a [[constellation]] (cf. [[sidus]]): caeli [[subter]] labentia signa, Lucr. 1, 2: loca caelio Omnia, dispositis signis ornata, id. 5, 695: signorum [[ortus]] et [[obitus]], Cic. Inv. 1, 34, 59: signis omnibus ad [[idem]] [[principium]] stellisque revocatis, id. Rep. 6, 22, 24: in [[signo]] leonis, id. Div. 1, 53, 121: signorum [[obitus]] speculari et [[ortus]], Verg. G. 1, 257; id. A. 7, 138: [[signum]] pluviale Capellae, Ov. F. 5, 113: ponemusque suos ad vaga signa [[dies]], id. ib. 1, 310: nox [[caelo]] diffundere signa parabat, Hor. S. 1, 5, 10; cf. id. C. 2, 8, 11.—<br />&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>F</b> Miraculous works (eccl. Lat.), Vulg. Dan. 3, 99; id. Matt. 24, 24; id. Joan. 2, 11 et saep.

{{esel

|sltx=[[ἄβλεπτος]]

}}