πρέσβυς: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Pi.''P.''4.282, [[Aeschylus|A.]]''[[Agamemnon|Ag.]]''530, πρέσβεως or πρέσβεος (v. infr. ''ΙΙ''), ὁ, voc.<br><span class="bld">A</span> πρέσβῠ [[Euripides|E.]]''[[Orestes|Or.]]''476, Ar.''Th.''146:—[[old man]] (poet. for prose [[πρεσβύτης]]), in this sense only used in nom., acc., and voc., ὁ πρέσβυς Πόλυβος [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''941; Φοῖνιξ ὁ πρέσβυς Id.''Ph.''562; δριμὺς πρέσβυς [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[The Birds|Av.]]''255 (lyr.); πατέρά πρές βυν S.''Ph.''665; πρέσβυ Id.''OT''1013, 1121; ὦ πρέσβυ E. l. c., Ar. l. c.; ὁ [[πρέσβυς]] = the [[elder]], A. ''Ag.''184 (lyr.), 205 (lyr.), 530; cf. [[πρέσβα]], [[πρέσβειρα]], [[πρεσβηΐς]], [[πρέσβις]]: pl. [[πρέσβεις]], [[elders]], three times in Trag., always voc. (v. infr. ''III''), A. ''Pers.'' 840, [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]'' 1111, E.''HF''247; for [[πρεσβῆ]], [[πρεσβῆες]], [[πρισγεῖες]], v. [[πρεσβεύς]]: Comp. and Sup. are the only forms found in Hom., Comp. [[πρεσβύτερος]], α, ον (late πρεσβυτερωτέρα ''PLond.''2.177.15 (i A. D.)), [[elder]], Il.11.787, 15.204, [[Herodotus|Hdt.]]2.2, etc.; [[πλεῖν ἢ 'νιαυτῷ]] = [[by more than a year]], Ar.''Ra.''18; [[πρεσβυτέρα ἀριθμοῦ]] = [[older than the fit number]], Pi. ''Fr.''127; [[βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι]] = [[thy counsels wise beyond thy years]], Id.''P.''2.65; γνώμη π. τῆς ἡλικίας D.H.5.30; οἱ σοφοὶ καὶ π. Arist.''EE''1215a23; of animals, Id.''HA''546a7; [[ἵππος]] π. ἤδη ὤν [[rather]] [[old]], PCair.Zen. 225.8 (iii B. C.); also [[δένδρα]] π. [[Theophrastus|Thphr.]] ''[[De Causis Plantarum|CP]]'' 1.13.8; [[ἐπὶ τὸ πρεσβύτερον ἰέναι]] = [[become]] [[older]], [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''631e; ἵνα μὴ π. ὢν ῥέμβωμαι = [[in my old age]], PCair. Zen. 447.9 (iii B. C.): Sup. [[πρεσβύτατος]], [[πρεσβύτατη]], [[πρεσβύτατον]], [[eldest]], Il.4.59, 11.740, Hes.''Th.''234, etc.; π. γενεῇ Il.6.24; as a term of respect, ἐγὼ παλαιότατός εἰμι σὺ δὲ π. Plu.''Nic.''15; of animals, [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''546a4, al.: for the ''poet.'' forms [[πρέσβιστος]], [[πρεσβίστατος]], v. [[πρέσβιστος]], and cf. [[πρεῖγυς]].<br><span class="bld">2</span> Comp. and Sup., of things, [[more important]] or [[most important]], [[taking precedence]], esp. [[πρεσβύτερόν τι ἔχειν]] (or [[πρεσβύτερόν οὐδὲν ἔχειν]]) = [[deem higher]], [[deem more important]], τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ἐποιεῦντο ἢ τὰ τῶν ἀνδρῶν [[Herodotus|Hdt.]] 5.63; οὐδὲν πρεσβύτερον νομίζω τᾶς σωφροσύνας E.''Fr.''959 (lyr.); ἐμοὶ οὐδέν ἐστι πρεσβύτερον τοῦ… [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Symposium|Smp.]]'' 218d; πρεσβύτατον κρἰναί τι Th. 4.61; merely of [[magnitude]], [[πρεσβύτερον κακοῦ κακόν]] = [[one evil greater than another]], [[Sophocles|S.]]''[[Oedipus Tyrannus|OT]]''1365 (lyr.); χρεῶν πάντων πρεσβύτατα [[Plato|Pl.]]''[[Leges|Lg.]]''717b. Adv., [[πρεσβυτέρως]] γυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι Id.''R.''548c, cf. Jul. ''Or.''4.132c.<br><span class="bld">II</span> = [[πρεσβευτής]], [[ambassador]], in nom. sg. only cj. in A. ''Supp.''727 (v. [[πρέσβη]]) and in Prov. ap. Sch.Il.4.394 (v. [[πρέσβις]] (A)); gen. πρέσβεως [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''93 (at end of line); πρέσβεος Choerob. ''in Theod.'' 1.233: dual πρέσβει (written πρεσβε) ''IG''12(1).977.45,57 (Carpathos, iv B. C.): pl. [[πρέσβεις]], Dor. uncontr. [[πρέσβεες]] ib.14.952.11 (Acragas, iii B. C.) (at first more freq. than [[πρεσβευτής|πρεσβευταί]] ([[quod vide|q.v.]])), [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''61, ''IG''12.52.1, 22.1.20, al., D.19.183; acc. πρέσβεις ''IG''12.46.24, Foed. ap. Th.4.118, X.''HG''4.8.13; gen. πρέσβεων, dat. πρέσβεσι, [[Aristophanes|Ar.]]''[[Acharnians|Ach.]]''76,62, ''IG''22.1.7.<br><span class="bld">III</span> at Sparta a political title, [[president]], τῶν ἐφόρων ib.5(1).51.6, 552.11; νομοφυλάκων ib.555b19; βιδέων ib.556.6; [[συναρχία]]ς ib.504.16; τῆς φυλῆς ib.564.3; ([[σφαιρέων]]) ib.675.5; gen. sg. πρέσβεως ib. 504.16, al.<br><span class="bld">2</span> Comp. [[πρεσβύτερος]], [[elder]], [[alderman]], τῆς κώμης ''BGU'' 195.30 (ii A. D., pl.), cf. ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''2121.4 (iii A. D.), etc.; ἐκρίθημεν ἐπί τε Νουμηνίου καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν π. ''PCair.Zen.''520.4 (iii B. C.), cf. ''UPZ''124.22, 36 (ii B. C.); τοῖς ἱερεῦσι καὶ ([[both]]) τοῖς π. καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις πᾶσι ''OGI''194.3 (Egypt, i B. C.); οἱ π. τῶν [[ὀλυροκόπος|ὀλυροκόπων]] ib.729 (Alexandria, iii B. C.); πρέσβυς τῶν γεωργῶν ''PTeb.''13.5 (ii B. C.); π. γέρδιοι ''IGRom.''1.1122 (Theadelphia, ii A. D.); τέκτονες π. ib.1155 (Ptolemaïs Hermiu, i A. D.): [[elder of the Jewish Sanhedrin]], Ev.Matt.16.21, etc.; later, [[elder of the Christian Church]], [[presbyter]], Act.Ap.11.30, 20.17, ''1 Ep.Ti.''5.19, ''[[Oxyrhynchus Papyri|POxy.]]''1162.1 (iv A. D.), etc.; of the Apostles, ''2 Ep.Jo.''1.1, 3 ''Ep.Jo.''1.1.<br><span class="bld">IV</span> [[wren]], [[Aristotle|Arist.]]''[[Historia Animalium|HA]]''609a17, 615a19, [[Hesychius Lexicographus|Hsch.]]; cf. [[σπέργυς]]. (-βυ-, Cret. -γυ- (in [[πρεῖγυς]]), cogn. with Skt. -gu in vanar-gú- 'one who lives or moves in the [[forest]]', Lith. žmogùs '[[man]]' (lit. 'one who moves on the [[ground]]'); πρεσ- cogn. with Lat. [[prae]], [[pristinus]]; the oldest sense of [[πρέσβυς]] is 'going in [[front]], taking [[precedence]]'.)

|mdlsjtxt=<b class="num">I.</b> an old man, Lat. [[senex]], (the [[prose]] [[form]] is πρεσβύτησ), Soph., Eur.:— ὁ [[πρέσβυς]] is used [[much]] like ὁ [[πρεσβύτερος]], the [[elder]], Aesch.:—pl. πρέσβεις, [[elders]], [[always]] implying [[dignity]], chiefs, princes, Aesch.; epic πρέσβηες Hes.<br /><b class="num">2.</b> Hom. uses only the comp. and Sup., comp. [[πρεσβύτερος]], α, ον, [[elder]], [[older]], Il., Hdt., Pind., Attic; ἐνιαυτῷ by a [[year]], Ar.; βουλαὶ πρεσβύτεραι the [[wise]] councils of age, Pind.;—Sup. πρεσβύτατος, η, ον, [[eldest]], Il., Hes., etc.: —the comp. and Sup. were used of things, πρεσβύτερόν τι (or οὐδὲν) ἔχειν = Lat. [[aliquid]] (or [[nihil]]) antiquius habere, to [[deem]] [[higher]], [[more]] [[important]], τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πρεσβύτερα ποιεῖσθαι ἢ τὰ τῶν [[ἀνδρῶν]] Hdt.; πρεσβύτατον κρίνειν τι Thuc.; πρεσβυτέρως γυμναστικὴν μουσικῆς τετιμηκέναι [[more]] [[highly]] [[than]]…, Plat.: —[[hence]], [[merely]] of [[magnitude]], πρεσβύτερον κακὸν κακοῦ one [[evil]] greater [[than]] [[another]], Soph.<br /><b class="num">II.</b> like [[πρεσβευτής]], an [[ambassador]], Aesch., Ar.;—pl. πρέσβεις is [[more]] used [[than]] πρεσβευταί, Ar., Xen., etc.<br /><b class="num">III.</b> a [[chief]], [[president]]: comp. [[πρεσβύτερος]], an [[elder]] of the Jewish Council, NTest., etc.: an [[elder]] of the Church, [[presbyter]], NTest.