φημί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><span class="bld">A</span> φῄς, φηις <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>316.1</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>7.846.7</span> (Pap. of Ar. (?), ii/iii A. D.), cf. Hdn.Gr.2.147, 419; [[φησί]] (apocop. [[φή]] <span class="bibl">Anacr.40</span>); pl. <b class="b3">φᾰμέν, φᾰτέ, φᾱσί;</b> Dor. [[φαμί]], [[φασί]] or [[φατί]] (<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>771</span>, Anon. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>9.1091.11</span>, <span class="bibl">18</span>), 3pl. <b class="b3">φαντί;</b> Aeol. φᾶμι Sapph.32, 2sg. φαῖσθα Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>20.6, 3sg. [[φαῖσι]] ib.26.5, Sapph.66, 3pl. φαῖσι <span class="bibl">Sapph. <span class="title">Supp.</span>5.2</span>: aor. 2 [[ἔφην]], Ep. φῆν <span class="bibl">Il.18.326</span>; ἔφησθα <span class="bibl">1.397</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span> 132</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>438a</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.164</span>, etc. (rarely ἔφης <span class="bibl">Il.22.280</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.1.23</span>), Ep. φῆσθα <span class="bibl">Il.21.186</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.149</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[φῇσθα]]), φῆς <span class="bibl">Il.5.473</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.7.239</span> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]]); [[ἔφη]], Ep. [[φῆ]], Dor. [[φᾶ]] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>2.11</span>; 1pl. ἔφᾰμεν <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.26</span> (ἔφημεν <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>184.7</span>, Gal.1.158, <span class="bibl">Papp.524.16</span>, <span class="bibl">Choerob. <span class="title">in Theod.</span>2.341</span> H.); 2pl. ἔφᾰτε <span class="bibl">And.2.25</span>; 3pl. [[ἔφασαν]], Ep. φάσαν <span class="bibl">Il.2.278</span>, also [[ἔφᾰν]], [[φάν]], <span class="bibl">3.161</span>, <span class="bibl">6.108</span>; imper. [[φαθί]] (on the accent v. Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">1.431</span>, al., <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Synt.</span>264.4</span>; [[φάθι]] is found in codd. of <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>475e</span>, al.); subj. [[φῶ]], [[φῇς]], [[φῇ]], Ep. φῇσιν <span class="bibl">Od.1.168</span>, φήῃ <span class="bibl">11.128</span>, <span class="bibl">23.275</span>; Dor. 3pl. subj. φᾶντι <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>1.116; opt. [[φαίην]], 1pl. φαῖμεν <span class="bibl">Il.2.81</span>, <span class="bibl">24.222</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.87</span>, 3pl. φαῖεν <span class="bibl">Th.3.68</span>, etc.; inf. [[φάναι]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.27</span>, etc., poet. φάμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>8.19</span>; part. φάς <span class="bibl">Il.9.35</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.63</span>, <span class="bibl">141</span>, <span class="title">SIG</span>279.18 (Zeleia, iv B. C.), φᾶσα <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.135</span>, pl. φάντες <span class="bibl">Il.3.44</span>, <span class="bibl">14.126</span>, Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.139b: fut. [[φήσω]], Dor. φασῶ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 739</span>, etc.; 1pl. φασοῦμες Diotog. ap. Stob.4.1.133: aor. 1 ἔφησα Cratin. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>11.1212.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.153</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>19.3</span> (iii B. C.) ([[ἔφασεν]] is dub. ib.<span class="bibl">140.7</span>); Dor. 3sg. φᾶσε <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.66</span>; 2sg. subj. (Dor.) <b class="b3">φάσῃς [ᾱ</b>] <span class="bibl">Simon.32</span> ([[φήσῃς]] etc. codd. Stob., corr. Bgk.); opt. φήσειε <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.69</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>503</span>, part. φήσας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.239</span>, inf. φῆσαι <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">Char.</span>2.7</span>:—Med. (chiefly poet. in early writers), impf. and aor. 2 [[ἐφάμην]], [[ἔφατο]] (also <span class="title">SIG</span>437.6 (Delph., iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>343.8</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.437.8</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl">Parth.4.5</span>, etc.), Ep. φάτο <span class="bibl">Il.20.262</span>, φάσθε <span class="bibl">Od.6.200</span>, <span class="bibl">10.562</span>, [[ἔφαντο]], Ep. φάντο <span class="bibl">24.460</span>; imper. φάο <span class="bibl">16.168</span>, <span class="bibl">18.171</span>, [[φάσθω]], [[φάσθε]]; inf. [[φάσθαι]]; part. [[φάμενος]] (also Archim. Spir. Prooem., Eratosth.Prooem., <span class="title">SIG</span>364.83 (Ephesus, iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>236.4</span> (iii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHamb.</span>4.14</span> (i A. D.), <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>17.12.2</span>, Gal. 6.228, etc.): Dor. fut. <b class="b3">φάσομαι [ᾱ</b>] <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.43</span>:—Pass., pf. 3sg. πέφαται <span class="bibl">A.R.2.500</span>; 3sg. imper. πεφάσθω <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>72d</span>; but part. πεφασμένος <span class="bibl">Il.14.127</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>843</span> should be referred to [[φαίνω]]: aor. [[ἐφάθην]] (ἀπ-, κατ-) <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Int.</span>18b39</span>. The pres. indic. [[φημί]] is enclit., exc. in 2sg. pres. [[φῄς]]: [[φαμέν]] is 1pl. pres., [[φάμεν]] poet. inf.: [[φαντί]] is 3pl., [[φάντι]] part. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> [[φάσκω]] supplied all moods of pres. except the indic., also impf. <b class="b3">ἔφασκον;</b> cf. <b class="b3">ἠμί. [ᾰ,</b> except in φᾱσι, and in masc. and fem. part. [[φάς]], [[φᾶσα]]: in inf. <b class="b3">φάναι ᾰ</b> [[always]]; [[φᾶναι]] is corrupt in <span class="bibl">Eub.119.11</span> codd. Ath.]:—[[say]], [[affirm]], [[assert]], either abs., or followed by inf., e. g. <b class="b3">Λυσίθευς Μικίωνα φιλῖν</b>( = [[φιλεῖν]]) φησι <span class="title">IG</span>12.924, cf. 57.48, or acc. et inf.; the inf. is freq. omitted, <b class="b3">σὲ κακὸν καὶ ἀνάλκιδα φήσει</b> (''[[sc.]]'' [[εἶναι]]) <span class="bibl">Il.8.153</span>; also <b class="b3">Κορινθίους τί φῶμεν;</b> [[what]] [[shall]] [[we]] [[say]] [[of]] the [[Corinthians]]? <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.5.12</span>; φ. πρός τινα, πρὸς ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι <span class="bibl">Od.17.584</span>: less freq. c. dat., αὐτοῖς <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>13.28</span>; <b class="b3">κατά τινος φ</b>. to [[speak]] [[against]] him, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ap.</span>25</span>: sometimes followed by [[ὡς]], <span class="bibl">Lys.7.19</span>, [[varia lectio|v.l.]] in <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">HG</span>6.3.7</span>; by [[ὅτι]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>487d</span>, <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>30</span>; by an interrog. clause, μή ποτε φάσῃς ὅ τι γίνεται αὔριον Simon. [[l.c.]]; by part., dub. in <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>481c</span> (fort. leg. [[θῶμεν]]); also parenthetic, τίνες, φῄς, ἦσαν οἱ λόγοι; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>59c</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">b</span> since what one says commonly expresses a belief or opinion, [[think]], [[deem]], [[suppose]], φῆ γὰρ ὅ γ' αἱρήσειν Πριάμου πόλιν <span class="bibl">Il. 2.37</span>; <b class="b3">φαίης κε ζάκοτόν τέ τιν' ἔμμεναι ἄφρονά τε</b> [[you would say]], [[would think]], he was... <span class="bibl">3.220</span>; <b class="b3">ἶσον ἐμοὶ φάσθαι</b> to [[say]] he is (i. e. [[fancy]] himself) [[equal]] to me, <span class="bibl">1.187</span>, <span class="bibl">15.167</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ . . φαθὶ λεύσσειν</b> [[think]] not that you [[see]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.56</span>; [[τί φῄς]]; [[what say you]]? i.e. [[what think you]]? (v. infr. <span class="bibl">11.5</span>); λέγ' ἀνύσας ὅ τι φῄς <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>349</span>:—so <b class="b3">φ. δεῖν, φ. χρῆναι</b>, [[deem]] it [[right]], <span class="bibl">And.3.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.3.48</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">c</span> [[say]], i.e. [[write]], of an [[author]], ὡς ἔφημεν Gal.1.158, etc.—The Med. has all these senses as well as the Act. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">II</span> Special Phrases: </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">1</span> [[φασί]], [[they say]], [[it is said]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.638</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.42</span>, etc.; parenthetically, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1109a35</span>, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span> 223</span>, etc.: Prose writers use [[φησί]] when quoting, <span class="bibl">D.23.89</span>, etc.; [[φησίν]] [[saith]] He, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>6.16</span>; especially of an opponent's [[objection]], Plu.2.112c; even after a plural, ὅ τοίνυν μέγιστον ἔχειν οἴονται . . καὶ αὐτός, φησί, τῶν εἰσιόντων ἦσθα <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>52.39</span>; "τὸν δὲ μετ' εἰσενόησα, ἔφη [[Ὅμηρος]] as [[Homer]] [[said]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>315b</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">2</span> joined with a synon. Verb, <b class="b3">ἔφη λέγων, ἔφησε λέγων</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.156</span>, <span class="bibl">6.137</span>, etc.; ἔλεγε φάς <span class="bibl">Id.1.122</span>; <b class="b3">λέγει οὐδέν, φαμένη</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.2.22</span>; τί ἐροῦμεν ἢ τί φήσομεν; <span class="bibl">D.8.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">25.100</span>; τί φῶ; τί λέξω; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>483</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">3</span> in repeating dialogues the Verb commonly goes before its subject, <b class="b3">ἔφην ἐγώ, ἔφη ὁ Σωκράτης</b>, [[said]] I, [[said]] [[Socrates]], but the order is sometimes inverted, <b class="b3">ἐγὼ ἔφην, ὁ Σωκράτης ἔφη</b>, I [[said]], [[Socrates]] [[said]]. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">4</span> inserted parenthetically, though the sentence has been introduced by [[λέγει]], [[εἶπεν]], etc., ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος . . εἶπεν· ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύ γε, ἔφη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>17.10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>164e</span>; ἡ κρίσις . . διαρρήδην λέγει διότι, φησίν, ἔδοξε τἀληθῆ εἰσαγγεῖλαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.50</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">5</span> τί φημί; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1471</span>, and τί φῄς; <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>804</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span> 706</span> (dub.), are used extra metrum, as exclamations. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">κυριώτατα φάναι</b>, in parenthesis, strictly [[speaking]], <span class="bibl">Ph.2.374</span>; <b class="b3">ὡς οὕτω φάναι</b>, = ὡς [[εἰπεῖν]], ἅπασαι ὡς οὕτω [[φάναι]] [[practically]] all, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Vict.Att.</span>9</span>; [[συνελόντα]] ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[συνελόντι]]) [[φάναι]], = [[συνελόντι εἰπεῖν]], Id.16.502. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">Οἰδίπουν . . ἂν μόνον φῶ</b> if I only [[mention]] Oedipus, <span class="bibl">Antiph.191.6</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>411a</span>, <span class="bibl">435a</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">III</span> like [[κατάφημι]], [[say yes]], [[affirm]], [[assert]], <b class="b3">καὶ τοὺς φάναι</b> and they [[said yes]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.88</span>; καί φημι κἀπόφημι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>317</span>; ἔγωγέ φημι <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Grg.</span>526c</span>; φάναι τε καὶ ἀπαρνεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>165a</span>: c. inf., φῂς ἢ καταρνεῖ μὴ δεδρακέναι τάδε; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>442</span>; but <b class="b3">οὔ φημι</b> means [[say no]], [[deny]], [[refuse]], c. inf., <b class="b3">ἡ Πυθίη οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν</b> [[said]] she would [[not]]... <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.19</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.2</span>; οὐκ ἔφασαν ἐπιτρέψαι <span class="bibl">Lys.13.15</span>, 47 (leg. <b class="b3">-τρέψειν</b>): c. acc. et inf., οὔ φημ' Ὀρέστην σ' [[ἐνδίκως]] [[ἀνδρηλατεῖν]] <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>221</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.63</span>: abs., <b class="b3">κἂν μὲν μὴ φῇ</b> if he [[say]]s [[no]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>555</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">ἢ φάθι ἢ μὴ ἃ ἐρωτῶ</b> [[answer]] me [[yes]] or [[no]] to my [[question]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>475e</span>; so in answers, [[φημί]] or [[οὕτως φημί]] [[yes]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>270c</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>500e</span>; [[οὐκ ἔφη]] = [[he said no]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phd.</span>118a</span>.— In this sense Att. writers, besides pres., mostly use fut. [[φήσω]] and aor. [[ἔφησα]], but in impf., inf., and part. pres., to avoid [[ambiguity]], they prefer [[ἔφασκον]], [[φάσκειν]], [[φάσκων]] (v. [[φάσκω]]): [[φάναι]] is distinguished from [[φάσκειν]], e.g. <b class="b3">ἔφη σπουδάζειν</b> he said he was in [[haste]], ἔφασκε [[σπουδάζειν]] = he [[allege]]d he was in [[haste]]; but [[ἔφησθα]] is found in this sense, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.6.7</span>. </span><span class="sense"><span class="bld">IV</span> [[command]], [[order]], ἔφην τῷ Ὀρθοβούλῳ ἐξαλεῖψαί με <span class="bibl">Lys.16.13</span> (so [[ἔφασαν]], [[varia lectio|v.l.]] for [[ἔφρασαν]] in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.11</span>).</span>