ὅστις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[[ἥτις]], [[ὅ τι]] (sts. written [[ὅ, τι]] to distinct it from [[ὅτι]],<br><span class="bld">A</span> [[that]]): Hom. has also the masc. collat. form [[ὅτις]] Od.1.47, al. (also in Critias 2.9 and Ion. and Arc. Prose, ''Jahresh.''12.136 (Erythrae), ''IG''12(5).22 (Ios), 5(2).343.34 (Orchom. Arc.)) and the neut. [[ὅττι]] Od.9.402, al., cf. [[ὄττι]] Alc.45.—In some forms only the second part is inflected, viz. gen. ὅτου Th.1.23, al., Ep. [[ὅττεο]] Od.1.124, later Ion. [[ὅτεο]] ''Jahresh.''l.c., contr. [[ὅττευ]] Od.17.121, [[ὅτευ]] ib.421, Hdt.1.7; Lesb. [[ὄττω]] Sapph.''Supp.''5.3; dat. [[ὅτῳ]] Th.1.36, al.; perhaps also in Ion., Emp. 2.5, Democr.99, Hp.''VC''14; Ep. [[ὅτεῳ]] Od.2.114, and as disyll., Il.12.428, 15.664; so Hdt.1.86, al., Democr.100, Heraclit.15, ''SIG''194.21 (Amphipolis, iv B. C.); Arc. [[ὀσέοι]] ''IG''5(2).262.14 (Mantinea, v B. C.); Ep. acc. ὅτινα Od.8.204, 15.395; Delph. gen. ὅτινος ''IG''22.1126.37 (iv B. C.), also ''Berl.Sitzb.''1927.167 (Cyrene); Delph. dat. [[ὅτινι]] ''IG'' 22.1126.25; Cret. dat. sg. [[ὄτιμι]] ''Leg.Gort.''7.51, 8.7, al.: pl., nom. masc. Arg. ὄττινες ''Mnemos.''44.65 (iii B. C.); neut. [[ὅτινα]] Il.22.450; gen. ὅτεων Od.10.39, Hdt.8.65, Att. [[ὅτων]] S.''OT''414, X.''An.''7.6.24 (cj.), ''Oec.''3.2 (cj.) (also in Hes.''Fr.''238, Anaxag.12, Hp.Aër.21); dat. [[ὁτέοισι]] ([[ὁτέοισιν]]) Il.15.491, Hdt.2.82, Att. ὅτοισι S.''Ant.''1335, Ar.''Eq.''758, ὅτοις S.''Tr.''1119; acc. ὅτινας Il.15.492, Aeol. ὄττινας Sapph.12: in a few forms only the first part is inflected, Cret. gen. sg. [[ὦτι]] prob. in ''Leg.Gort.''1.5, 2.50, 11.50, al., ''GDI''4993 ii 10: neut. pl. ἄτι ''Leg.Gort.''2.47, al.: of the forms with double inflection Hom. has only ὅν τινα Il.2.188, al., ἥν τινα 3.286, al., οἵ τινες Od.4.94, al., οὕς τινας Il.4.240, al., ἅς τινας Od.8.573; [[ᾧτινι]] first in Hes.''Op.''31, ἧστινος A.''Ag.''1358, ᾗ τινι δή Th.8.87, οἷστισι Ar.''Pax'' 1279: Att. Inscrr. have <b class="b3">ἧστινος ᾗτινι</b> along with masc. and neut. <b class="b3">ὅτου ὅτῳ</b>, and this rule holds with few exceptions in Trag. and Att. Prose before iv B. C.; [[ᾡτινιοῦν]] occurs in Lys.1.37, etc.: [[ὅτῳ]] rarely as fem., E.''IT''1071.—For the Ion. and Ep. form [[ἅσσα]], Att. [[ἅττα]], v. [[ἅσσα]].—On the concord and construction cf. [[ὅς]] B. 1.1,3, 11.3, 111.2a,b:—Radic. sense, [[any one who]], [[anything which]], [[whosoever]], [[whichsoever]]; ὣς ἀπόλοιτο καὶ ἄλλος, ὅτις τοιαῦτά γε ῥέζοι Od.1.47; ἀθανάτων ὅς τίς σε φυλάσσει 15.35, etc.: freq. without express antec., χαίρει δέ μιν ὅς τις ἐθείρῃ Il.21.347; ἆσσον ἴτω ὅς τις δέπας οἴσεται 23.667: hence freq. in maxims or sentiments, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ. πάντ' ἀνὴρ εὐδαιμονεῖ Ar.''Ra.''1217; [[μακάριος]] ὅ. οὐσίαν καὶ νοῦν ἔχει Men.114; <b class="b3">οὗτος βέλτιστος ἂν εἴη, ὅ</b>... Lys.3.4, etc.: freq. in such phrases as <b class="b3">ὅστις εἶ, ὅστις ἐστί</b>, v. [[ὅς]] B. 111.2; <b class="b3">ἔστιν ὅ</b>., freq. with a neg., οὐ γὰρ ἔην ὅς τίς σφιν.. ἡγήσαιτο Il.2.687; οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μοῖραν νείμαιμ' ἢ σοί A.''Pr.''293 (anap.), cf. 989, 1070 (anap.), etc.; εἰσὶν οἵτινες S.''Fr.''354.5; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ</b>.. [[everything]], Hdt. 5.97, Th.7.87:—in these phrases the case of [[ὅστις]] commonly depends on that of [[οὐδείς]]; but sometimes the reverse, v. [[οὐδείς]] 1.2: also joined with Sup., <b class="b3">τρόπῳ ὅτῳ ἂν δύνωνται ἰσχυροτάτῳ</b> Foed. ap. Th.5.23; ὅντινα ἀφανέστατον δύναιντο τρόπον Paus.10.1.5: in Trag. and Att. sometimes strengthened by an antec. [[πᾶς]], but only in sg., ἅπας δὲ τραχὺς ὅ. ἂν νέον κρατῇ A.''Pr.''35, cf. Th.8.90 (<b class="b3">πάντες ὅσοι</b> being commonly used in plural, not <b class="b3">πάντες οἵτινες</b>; but πᾶσιν.. ὅστις ἐρωτᾷ ''IG''12.410).<br><span class="bld">II</span> referring to a definite object, prop. only when a general notion is implied, <b class="b3">Πολυκράτεα... δι' ὅντινα κακῶς ἤκουσε</b>, not the [[man]] through [[whom]], but [[one through whom]]... Hdt.3.120; <b class="b3">τελευταῖόν σε προσβλέψαιμι νῦν, ὅστις πέφασμαι φύς τ' ἀφ' ὧν οὐ χρῆν</b> may I [[see]] thee now for the [[last]] [[time]], I [[who]] am [[one]] [[born]] from [[sinful]] [[parentage]], S.''OT''1184, cf. A.''Pr.'' 38, ''Ag.''1065; but in quite definite sense, βωμόν, ὅστις νῦν ἔξω τῆς πόλεώς ἐστι Th.6.3: sometimes even with [[οὗτος]] or [[ὅδε]] as antec., Hdt.1.167, 2.99, 6.47, E.''Hipp.''943, Theoc.8.87.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ἐφ' ὅτῳ]] = [[ἐφ' ᾧτε]], D.S.16.4; so ἐφ' ὅτῳ τε ''Delph.''3(2).236 (ii B. C.).<br><span class="bld">III</span> in indirect questions, Hom., etc., εἴπ' ἄγε μοι καὶ τόνδε... ὅς τις ὅδ' ἐστί Il.3.192, cf. 167, etc.; <b class="b3">ἔσπετε νῦν μοι, Μοῦσαι, ὅς τις δὴ κτλ</b>. [[who it was that]]... 14.509; ξεῖνος ὅδ', οὐκ οἶδ' ὅς τις Od.8.28: in dialogue, when the person questioned repeats the question asked by [[τίς]], as οὗτος τί ποιεῖς;—ὅ τι ποιῶ; Ar.''Ra.''198; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ τίς γὰρ εἶ;—ὅστις</b>;[[πολίτης]] [[χρηστός]] Id.''Ach.''595, cf. ''Pl.''462, Pl.''Euthphr.''2c, etc.<br><span class="bld">2</span> rare and late in direct questions, ὅ τι ἐστὶ τὸ ἐμποδίζον; A.D.''Adv.''140.12; <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ὅτου</b>..;= [[why]]? Jul.''Ep.''82p.109B.-C.; cf. [[ὅπως]].<br><span class="bld">IV</span> limited or made more indefinite by the addition of Particles:<br><span class="bld">1</span> [[ὅστις γε]] = [[being one who]] (cf. [[ὅσγε]]), S.''OT''1335, ''OC''810, Ar.''Ra.''1184.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[ὅστις δή]] (v. [[δή]] IV. ''1''), freq. used without any distinct relative force, <b class="b3">θεῶν ὅτεῳ δή</b> [[to some one or other]] of the gods, Hdt.1.86; ὅτευ δὴ χρήματος δεησόμενον Id.3.121; ᾗ τινι δὴ γνώμῃ Th.8.87, etc.; also ὅ τι δήκοτε πρήξοντα Hdt.6.134; ὅστις δήποτ' ὤν Pl.''Phdr.''273c; ὡς ἀπετύγχαν' ὁτουδήποτε D.19.167; ὁτῳδήτινι τρόπῳ ''PFay.''21.11 (ii A. D.); so<br><span class="bld">b</span> [[ὁστισοῦν]], [[ὁτιοῦν]] [[anybody]] ([[anything]]) [[whatsoever]], Th.4.16, Pl. ''Smp.''198b, etc.; μετὰ ὁτουοῦν τρόπου Th.8.27; ὁτῳοῦν Pl.''Tht.''175a; [[εἷς ὁστισοῦν]] = [[any one person]], Arist.''Pol.''1286a31: freq. with neg., μηδ' ἂν ὁστισοῦν τυγχάνῃ ὤν Pl.''Euthphr.''5e, cf. ''Phd.''78d, etc.; [[οὐδ' ὁτιοῦν]] = [[not the least mite]], [[nothing whatsoever]], Ar.''Nu.''344, ''Pl.''385; μηδοτιοῦν Thgn.64: rarely, = [[whoever]] ([[whatever]]), as subject of a verb, <b class="b3">ὁτιοῦν ἔτυχε τῶν ἐπὶ μέρους</b> ([[varia lectio|v.l.]] [[ὅτι ἄν]]) Arist.''Mu.''391a22.<br><span class="bld">c</span> [[ὁστισδηποτοῦν]] D.40.8, Aeschin.1.164.<br><span class="bld">d</span> so also [[ὅστις]] alone, Pl.''Hp.Ma.'' 282d, etc.: with neg., [[μηδὲ οἵτινες]] = [[none at all]], X.''HG''1.5.9; οὐδ' ἧστινος ἂν ἀσχολίας τὸ πρᾶγμα προσεδεῖτο Plb.9.14.6.<br><span class="bld">3</span> [[ὅστις ποτε]] = [[whoever]], A.''Ag.''160(lyr.), cf. Hdt.8.65.<br><span class="bld">4</span> [[ὅστις περ]] (cf. [[ὅσπερ]]), mostly in neut., ὅ τι πέρ ἐστ' [[ὄφελος]] Ar.''Ec.''53, cf. Pl.''R.''492e: in masc., D.21.225.<br><span class="bld">5</span> [[ὅστις τε]], where [[τε]] is otiose as in [[ὅστε]], Il.23.43, al.<br><span class="bld">V</span> neut. <b class="b3">ὅ τι</b> used abs. as a Conj., v. [[ὅ τι]].<br><span class="bld">VI</span> [[ἐξ ὅτου]] = [[from which time]], S.''OC''345, ''Tr.''326, Ar.''Nu.''528, X.''Cyr.''8.2.16, etc.; ἐξ ὅτου περ Ar.''Ach.''596; [[ἀπ' ὅτευ]] = [[since]]... Hdt.1.7, cf. ''SIG''45.18 (Halic., v B. C.); so [[ἕως ὅτου]] = [[until]].., Ev.Luc.13.8.<br><span class="bld">2</span> [[from what cause]], S. ''Tr.''671, E.''Cyc.''639.